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Author Esipov A.V.
Title Current state of snow leopard and its main preys in Hissar nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down) 61-67
Keywords Uzbekistan; Hissar nature reserve; number; distribution; threats; snow leopard; Siberian ibex; long-tailed marmot.; 6630; Russian
Abstract An expert evaluation of the numbers of snow leopard and its preys, Siberian ibex and long-tailed marmot, was made on the basis of surveys conducted in Hissar nature reserve in 1999. The total number of the snow leopard is estimated at 12-16 individuals, whereas that of the Siberian ibex at 1000 individuals. An average density of the population of the long tailed marmot ranges at 4,8 individuals per ha. The ratio of the numbers between the snow leopard, Siberian ibex and long tailed marmot is 1:68:450. The major threats for the snow leopard are poaching on the borders of the nature reserve, a decrease in of preys, shrinking of the range in areas adjoining the nature reserve as a result of intensification of industrial activities and disturbing factors. For the Siberian ibex and long tailed marmot the major limiting factors are the shrinking of the areas and deterioration of the forage value of the high-mountain pastures, as well as the direct competition for forage with domestic animals at the sites adjoining the territory of the nature, as well as disturbing factors.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Conservation of biodiversity in strictly protected territories of Uzbekistan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 641 Serial 257
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Author Golub O.N.
Title The Ramit nature reserve and its problems Type Miscellaneous
Year 1981 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down) 60-61
Keywords Tajikistan; Ramit nature reserve; Animals; snow leopard; ibex; number; threats.; 6770; Russian
Abstract The following Red Data Book species inhabit the Ramit nature reserve: snow leopard, bear, lynx, otter, Bukhara deer, etc. Its population is indicated to be closely related to number of ibex (150 animals). The latter is subject to heavy anthropogenic pressure when migrating outside the nature reserve in winter.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: The status and perspectives of wildlife protection in the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 655 Serial 337
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Author Zhiryakov V.A.
Title Snow leopard in the Almaty nature reserve. Short messages about snow leopards Type Miscellaneous
Year 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down) 51-54
Keywords Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; snow leopard; preys; ungulates; rodents; ibex; number.; 8790; Russian
Abstract Snow leopard is a common species for the Almaty nature reserve due to numerous wild ungulates, particularly ibexes (about 600 ibexes at a density of 32 animals per 1,000 ha) inhabiting the area. According to the data of 1982 there were 0.5 footprints of snow leopard per 10 km of transect. The remains of ibex, roe deer, squirrel, gray vole mouse and birds were found in faeces of snow leopards. Snow leopard attacks their prey unexpectedly, being in wait for it in such places where prey is difficult to escape from. When hunt is successful the prey is killed almost instantly. Snow leopard feeds upon the same prey for several days.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare animals of Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 856 Serial 1088
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Author Esipov A.V.
Title Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Uzbekistan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1995 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down) 48-49
Keywords Uzbekistan; Hissar nature reserve; number; distribution; threats; conservation measures; snow leopard; 6600; Russian
Abstract There are two isolated snow leopard populations in Uzbekistan, both of which are located along the fringe of the species' distribution. These groups are the Pamir-Alai and the Tien-Shan, of which are united to snow leopard range in neighboring Tadjikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Apart from animals inhabiting the Hissar Nature Reserve, the Pamir-Alai population consists of animals inhabiting the upper portion of the Tupalang River basin and the mountains around Baisuntau. This population is currently estimated at about 30 individuals, from which as many as 10 individuals are reported to be killed or captured annually. However, we suspect the loss rate is more like five to eight individuals, with the entire Pamir-Alai group in Uzbekistan numbering 22 – 25 animals. The Tien-Shan snow leopard sub-population group of Uzbekistan occupies the high-mountain portions of practically all of the large ridges in the area, including Chatkal, Pskem, Ugam and Talass Alatau. The number of snow leopards harvested from this sub-population appears to be five or seven individuals, with the total number placed at 27-32 individuals. The major factors restricting snow leopard numbers in Uzbekistan appears to be poaching of both snow leopard and its large prey species like ibex, as well as disturbance associated with the intensive development of the alpine lands for pasturing livestock. In order to preserve the snow leopard in Uzbekistan it will be necessary to control and eliminate poaching. Additional habitat could be provided by expanding the Chatkal Nature Reserve by adding lands in the Shavassai River basin as well as Akbulak River basin.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of 8th International Snow Leopard Symposium Islamabad Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 638 Serial 255
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Author Ming, M.
Title The Problems About Conservation of Wildlife Animals In Xinjiang Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Arid Land Geography Abbreviated Journal
Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages (down) 47-51
Keywords China; conservation; development; distribution; ecosystem; management; nature reserves; protected areas; species diversity; Xinjiang
Abstract As an important part of the ecosystem in the world, the wild are highly sensitive to impel the public to pay an increasing attention to the vertebrates and their habitats. The region from Xinjiang to Central Asian countries and from north China to Mongolia, explored less by zoologists. The region is mainly consisted of deserts and high mountain ranges many lakes and rivers that provide the suitable habitats for wildlife. These are actually unknown. Conservation in the modern sense is a very important part of development, especially in the Western Development of China. This paper deals with the species diversity and vertebrates' conservation in Xinjiang. Since 1980, over 20 Iocal nature reserves and 4 nationaI nature reserves have been established in Xinjiang. There are about 700 vertebrate species (in 5 classesœª37 ordersœr97 familiesœª196 genera) in Xinjiang. These cover about 134 species of mammalsœª392­® 430 species of birdsœr40­® 45 species of reptilesœª6­® 7 species of amphibians and 93­® 120 fishes. With the rapid economic development, some protected areas exist only in name. The areas are not only havens for wild species, but also maintain ecological benefits. Xinjiang is a very special region in China. The wild animals are different from those in other provinces along the east coast and in the interior. There are many questions about the conservation of wild animals in Xinjiang, e.g. the threatened species distinguishing, distribution and management, etc. So the paper is for reference only to the Great Development of Western China.
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Notes In Chinese. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 536 Serial 679
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Author Esipov A.V.
Title Ugam Chatkal State Nature Park Type Miscellaneous
Year 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume N1 Issue Pages (down) 46-47
Keywords Uzbekistan; Ugam Chatkal Nature Park; mammals; endangered species; snow leopard; numerous species; ibex.; 6660; Russian
Abstract There are endangered species as bear, snow leopard and Menzbier's marmot recorded in Western Tien Shan mountains. Wild boar, Siberian ibex, roe deer, wolf, badger, porcupine and red fox are rather numerous species on this area.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecological News Journal. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 644 Serial 261
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Author Plyaskin V.E.
Title Rare Felidae species in the Chatkal valley of the West Tien Shan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1982 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down) 41-42
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; Besh-Aral nature reserve; Cats; snow leopard; Lynx; manul; species range; diet; decline; illegal hunting.; 7910; Russian
Abstract In 1981, rare Felidae species such as snow leopard, Turkistan lynx, and manul (one encounter recorded) were found in the Besh-Aral nature reserve (the Chatkal valley). Illegal hunting and high concentration of people in some places is emphasized to impact the animal populations.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protection and reproduction of fauna. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 769 Serial 775
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Author Mazoomdaar, J.
Title Cat Among the People Type Magazine Article
Year 2011 Publication Open Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 8 August Pages (down) 40-45
Keywords snow leopard, India, Bhatnagar, Chundawat, Nature Conservation Foundation, Hemis, Kibber, Himmel
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Address www.openthemagazine.com
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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Notes http://openthemagazine.com/article/nation/cat-among-the-people Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1358
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Author Jackson, R.
Title People-Wildlife Conflict Management in the Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Type Conference Article
Year 1998 Publication Abbreviated Journal Tibet's Biodiversity: Conservation and Management.Proceedings of a Conference, August 30-September 4
Volume Issue Pages (down) 40-46
Keywords conflict; conflict management; management; Qomolangma; nature; preserve; Tibet; primary; Report; conflicts; damage; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; reserve; protected; endangered; endangered mammals; mammals; biodiversity; conservation
Abstract The primary objective of this paper is to report on people-wildlife conflicts arising from crop damage and livestock depredation in the Qomolangma Reserve, with special reference to the management of protected and endangered mammals.
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Publisher Tibet Forestry Department and World Wide Fund for Nature. China Forestry Publishing House. Place of Publication China Editor Ning, W.; Miller, D.; Zhu, L.; Springer, J.
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title Tibet's Biodiversity: Conservation and Management.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes 188 pages in proceedings. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1013 Serial 461
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Author Zinchenko Yu.K.
Title About characteristic of mammal fauna in the Markakol nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 1989 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Part. II. Issue Pages (down) 39-41
Keywords Kazakhstan; Markakol nature reserve; mammals; snow leopard.; 8830; Russian
Abstract 50 mammal species permanently live in the nature reserve. There penetrate snow leopard, wolf, corsac, and wild boar on a relatively regular basis. Moral, roe deer, and elk migrate outside the Markakol depression in winter. Though mentioned in literature as species inhabiting the nature reserve, beaver, stone marten, and dhole are not met there today.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of All-Union conference on cadastre and fauna counts. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 860 Serial 1091
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Author Chernogaev E.A.
Title Materials on rare and protected species of the Kyzylsu nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 1978 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down) 39-40
Keywords Uzbekistan; Kyzylsu nature reserve; rare species; birds; mammals; snow leopard; poaching; human influence.; 6430; Russian
Abstract This survey was being done (May, 1975 February, 1976) in the new Kyzylsu nature reserve, established in 1975. Before 1975, the anthropogenic pressure was mainly represented by overgrazing and unregulated hunting. Provided are data on bird species (bearded vulture, Himalayan vulture, griffon vulture, golden eagle, and Himalayan snow cock), mammal species (long-tailed marmot, Indian porcupine, brown bear, lynx, snow leopard, and Siberian ibex).
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protection of flora and fauna in Uzbekistan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 621 Serial 216
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Author Zhiryakov V.A.
Title The influence of large predators on wild mammal populations in the Almaty nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 1979 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down) 37-39
Keywords Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; Animals; predators; snow leopard; wolf; preys.; 8760; Russian
Abstract There are following large predators in the Almaty nature reserve: wolf (5-6), snow leopard (single occasions), Turkistan lynx (single occasions), and Tien Shan brown bear (15-20). The share of wild mammals (roe-deer, ibex, wild boar, argali, gazelle, moral, and badger) being eaten by predators is 18.2 percent, about 60 percent of the entire prey falling to the share of wolf.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic fundamentals of protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 853 Serial 1083
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Author Vashetko E.V.
Title On the fauna of terrestrial vertebrates inhabiting Hissar Nature Reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 1996 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 1. Issue Pages (down) 35-43
Keywords Uzbekistan; Hissar nature reserve; fauna; vertebrates; amphibians; reptiles; mammals; lizards; snakes; insectivores; bats; carnivores; ungulates; rodents; lagomorphs; species composition; biodiversity assessment; snow leopard.; 8460; Russian
Abstract The data on the species composition, numbers and distribution of the terrestrial vertebrates over territory Hissar nature reserve are discussed. About 60 species of amphibians, reptiles and mammals have been recorded in the reserve as a result of our own researches and the analyses of communication. There were recorded 5-7 individuals of snow leopard in Kyzylsu site of nature reserve and 15 individuals in Miraki site of nature reserve in 1979-1981.
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Notes Full text available in Russian.Journal Title: Proceeding of Nature Reserves in Uzbekistan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 823 Serial 981
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Author Vashetko E.V.
Title Materials for studying fauna of terrestrial vertebrates inhabiting Hissar Nature Reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down) 33-34
Keywords Uzbekistan; Hissar nature reserve; geographical zone; cadastre; fauna; distribution; snow leopard.; 8450
Abstract A vertebrate fauna inventory in the Hissar nature reserve showed that various natural zones here are certainly inhabited by 45 species: amphibians one species; reptiles 12; mammals 32. Reptiles such as Alai snake-eyed skink and Central Asian viper and mammal species such as wolf, fox, brown bear, weasel, grey hamster can be found in all natural zones here up to 4,000 m above sea level. Snow leopard, Turkestan lynx, and long-tailed marmot can be found in the juniperous forests and higher elevations.
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Notes Journal Title: Behavioral ecology (Animals and soil ecology). Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 822 Serial 980
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Author Epifanov V.M.
Title Fauna Type Miscellaneous
Year 1968 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down) 29-33
Keywords Uzbekistan; Western Tien Shan; Chatkal nature reserve; fishes; amphibians; reptiles; birds; mammals; snow leopard.; 6540; Russian
Abstract There are three fish species, two amphibian species, nine reptile, 97 bird species, and 23 mammal species, including snow leopard, in the Chatkal reserve. A list of animals and their brief description is provided.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: The land of pristine environment (Guidebook for the Chatkal nature reserve). Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 632 Serial 254
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Author Prokopov K.P.
Title The Red Data Book of vertebrate animals in eastern Kazakhstan Type Miscellaneous
Year 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down) 26-28
Keywords Kazakhstan; Eastern Kazakhstan; Red Data book; categories of threat; rare species; snow leopard; nature conservation; nature reserves.; 8000; Russian
Abstract After the inventory of all rare and endangered species the categories of threat in the Red Data Book of eastern Kazakhstan has changed for most of the species: 24 species were referred to category 1 (endangered species) (in Kazakhstan's Red Data Book 14 species); 26 (14) species to category 2 (decreasing species); 11 (24) to category 3 (rare); and 1 (3) to category 5 (rehabilitated). There are three nature reserves in the region: Markakol, West Alatai, and Alakol to protect wild vertebrate animals.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecosphere: Eastern Kazakhstan information and analytical journal. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 778 Serial 795
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Author Barpiev I.M.
Title Peculiarities of biodiversity in the Besh-Aral nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down) 25-26
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; Besh Aral nature reserve; Animals; endangered species; snow leopard.; 6170; Russian
Abstract 224 animal species, including two relict and 20 endemic, are registered in the Besh Aral nature reserve (Kyrgyzstan). This nature reserve is inhabited by rare and endangered animal and bird species (e.g. Menzbier's marmot, snow leopard, Tien Shan brown bear, manul, Turkistan lynx, saker falcon, bearded vulture, golden eagle, Himalayan griffon, and others) included in the Red Data Books of Kyrgyzstan, former USSR, and Led List of IUCN.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biological diversity of the West Tien Shan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 595 Serial 120
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Author Chernogaev E.A.
Title Modern condition and number of animals in nature reserves of Uzbekistan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1996 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 1. Issue Pages (down) 23-34
Keywords Uzbekistan; nature reserves; modern condition; number; rare species; snow leopard.; 6440; Russian
Abstract There is adducing information about number and modern condition of C.ferox, G.barbatus, A.chrisa‰tus, M.menzbieri, U.arctosisabellinus, L.lutra seistanica, H.hiena, F.lynx isabellina, U.uncia, C.elaphus bactrianus, G.subgutturoza, C.falconeri, O. ammon severtzovi, O. orientalis bochariensis and other species during last years in Chatkal, Nuratau, Hissar, Surkhan and Kyzylkum nature reserves. There is prognosis in changing of number.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of nature protected areas of Uzbekistan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 622 Serial 217
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Author Kovshar A.F.
Title Soils. Plants and animals. Vertical zones Type Miscellaneous
Year 1972 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down) 21-41
Keywords Kazakhstan; Aklu Jabagly nature reserve; establishment; soil; climate; physiographic factors; researching; plants; Animals; snow leopard.; 7340; Russian
Abstract A description of the Aksu Jabagly nature reserve is given and includes as follows: data of establishment, location, physic and geographic description, types of soils, climate, flora and fauna. In the nature reserve there are 238 birds, 42 mammals, 9 reptiles and 2 fishes. Snow leopard inhabited in the nature reserve.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Aksu Jabagly nature reserve. Guidebook for nature reserve. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 712 Serial 579
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Author Novikov L.K.
Title Mammals Type Miscellaneous
Year 1972 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down) 20-24
Keywords Uzbekistan; protected areas; Chatkal nature reserve; mammals; snow leopard.; 7770; Russian
Abstract History of establishment of the nature reserves in Uzbekistan, climate, flora and fauna are described. Status of mammals in Chatkal nature reserve is described. Here inhabited marten, weasel, ermine, badger, brown bear, wild ibex and snow leopard.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protected areas of Uzbekistan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 755 Serial 727
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Author Afanasiev Y.G.
Title The Karatau nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 1988 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down) 20-33
Keywords Kazakhstan; Karatau nature reserve; plants; Animals; snow leopard.; 5880; Russian
Abstract The Karatau ridge is an extreme north-west spur of the Tien Shan mountain system. Flora of Karatau is represented by no less than 1,500 higher vessel plant species. Karatau and the adjacent areas host 16 reptile species, 114 bird and 42 mammal species. Snow leopard disappeared from fauna of Karatau in 20th century. In 1940-s, the animal species was met at the highest point of the ridge in the Manjilki area, particularly in tract Kor-Djailau. Now there are no snow leopards in the area under study a fact evidenced by local hunters and shepherds.
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Language Russian Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: New nature reserves of Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 567 Serial 35
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Author Abzalov A.A.
Title Principles of the nature reserve establishment in Uzbekistan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1976 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down) 20-22
Keywords Uzbekistan; nature protected areas network; nature conservation; flora; fauna; deserts; mountain; river forest; snow leopard.; 5870; Russian
Abstract It provides a brief description of nature reserves network in Uzbekistan: Karakul and Vardanza (in desert); Chatkal, Zaamin, Nurata, and Kyzylsu (in mountains); Aralpaigambar, Kyzylkum, Badaitugai, Zeravshan (riverine forests). Snow leopard is protected in the Chatkal, Zaamin, and Kizilsu nature reserves.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Regional problems of sustainable use and protection of biosphere. Proceedings of first session of the scientific council of the Academy of Science of the Uzbek SSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 566 Serial 33
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Author Abzalov A.A.
Title Game management development Type Miscellaneous
Year 1974 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down) 20 24
Keywords Uzbekistan; hunting farm; zakaznik; nature conservation; game species; snow leopard.; 5860; Russian
Abstract An issue of wildlife conservation in game preserves, forestries, and sanctuaries is discussed. In some regions of Uzbekistan there are various protected wildlife areas preserving unique and game species: marchor in the Kugitan hunting farm, Bukhara deer the Bukhara region, bear and snow leopard, argali, ibex, wild-boars, snow-cock, partridge, eagle, etc. in the Miraki hunting farm, pheasants in the Karadara forestry. To restore and upgrade the game management level in the country it is required to properly create game preserves, enlarge reproduction activity, strictly follow rules and terms of hunting and cultivate careful and solicitous attitude to wildlife and its resources in all hunters.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature and man. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 565 Serial 32
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Author An E.S.
Title The Chatkal Mountain Forest State Nature Reserve. The Kyzylsu Mountain Juniperous State Nature Reserve. The Miraki State Nature Reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 1980 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down) 19-21
Keywords Uzbekistan; mountain nature reserves; Western Tien Shan; Pamir-Alai; Hissar ridge; Chatkal nature reserve; Kyzylsu nature reserve; Miraki nature reserve; relief; climate; soil; flora; fauna; mammals; birds; reptiles; fishes; territorial protection; rare species; snow leopard.; 6020; Russian
Abstract It describes natural conditions, area, flora and fauna of the three mountain nature reserves in Uzbekistan: Chatkal, Kyzylsu, and Miraki. Siberian mountain ibex, roe deer, wild boar, Turkistan lynx, Tien Shan brown bear, fox, stone marten, Menzbier's marmot, porcupine, ermine, and Tien Shan souslik inhabit the Chatkal nature reserve. Snow leopard can be found in a top rocky part of the ridge. In the Kyzylsu nature reserve, there are 23 mammal species including, among the others, white-clawed bear, snow leopard, Iranian otter, Turkistan lynx, wild-boar, badger, porcupine, long-tailed marmot, hare-tolai, stone marten, Pamiri shrew, and ibex; in the Miraki nature reserve snow leopard, white-clawed bear, ibex, wolf, fox, porcupine, long-tailed marmot, hare-talai, forest dormouse, red pica, and a number of Red Data Book bird species are protected.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protected areas of Uzbekistan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 581 Serial 70
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Author Chen, P., Gao, Y., Lee, A. T. L., Cering, L., Shi, K., Clark, S. G.
Title Human–carnivore coexistence in Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) Nature Reserve, China: Patterns and compensation Type Journal Article
Year 2016 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 197 Pages (down) 18-26
Keywords Conflict Compensation Human–carnivore coexistence Management Predation patterns Qomolangma Nature Reserve
Abstract Livestock depredation by large carnivores is frequently reported in Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) National Nature Reserve, Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Seeking to minimize conflicts, we assessed depredation patterns and ways to upgrade the compensation program. We gathered 9193 conflict records over 2011–2013 to determine the extent and tempo-spatial patterns of the depredation.Weinterviewed 22 local officials and 94 residents to learn their views on depredations and to assess the adequacy of compensation. Data showed that wolves (Canis lupus), lynx (Lynx lynx), and snowleopards (Panthera uncia)were themajor livestock predators. Total livestock

loss accounted for 1.2% of the entire stockholding (n=846,707) in the region. Wolves and lynx tended to take sheep and goats,whereas snowleopards favored yaks and cattle in relation to their proportional abundance. Predation mostly occurred in March through July. Livestock depredation by all predators when combined was best explained by terrain ruggedness and density of small- and large-bodied livestock. Temporal and spatial predation patterns variedamong carnivores.Most respondents (74%) attributed depredation causes to an increase in carnivore abundance. Only 7% blamed lax livestock herding practice for predation losses. Five percent said that

predation was the result of livestock population increases, while 11% had no idea. The compensation scheme was found to be flawed in all aspects—predation verification, application procedure, compensation standard, operational resource allocation, making payment, and other problems. To enhance management for human–carnivore coexistence, we recommend a problem-oriented, integrated, adaptive approach that targets the complex social context of the conflict and addresses the interconnected functions of decision-making process.
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1435
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