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Devyatkin G.V. (1999). Snow leopard (Uncia uncia Schr.) in the Altai-Sayans ecologic region.
Abstract: Though snow leopard is widely distributed in the Altai-Sayans ecologic region (the Krasnoyarsk region, Khakasia, Tuva, the Altai), it is still a rare and understudied species. Its total population in Khakasia is 10-12 animals, in the Altai 60-70 animals.
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Fox, J. L., & Nurbu, C. (1990). Hemis, a national park for snow leopards in India's Trans-Himalaya. Int.Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, 6, 71–84.
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Oruntaeva K.B. (1988). The Zailiyskiy natural national park.
Abstract: The Zailiyskiy state natural national park is suggested to establish in the center of northern micro slope of Zailiyskiy Alatau. There are 42 mammal, 138 bird, tow amphibian, and eight reptile and fish species, and 145 daylight butterfly species in the Zailiyskiy Alatay. Of them, seven mammal species such as argali, Tien Shan bear, snow leopard, Turkistan lynx, stone marten, Central Asian otter, and Indian porcupine are included in the Red Data Books of Kazakhstan and USSR.
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Fedosenko A.K. (1979). Relationship between the predators and wild ungulates in North Tien Shan and Jungar Alatau.
Abstract: Ibex is a main prey for snow leopards. The role of marmots and snow cocks in snow leopard's consumption is negligent. It can prey on morals in the fir-wood. A case of snow leopard's attacking a dog is also known.
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Koshkarev E. (2000). What has happened to the snow leopard after the break-up of Soviet Union? (Vol. 4 (19)).
Abstract: It describes status of snow leopard in republics of the former Soviet Union, main reasons for poaching and negative and positive experience on species conservation. The total number of snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in the 1980's was at least 1200-1400. In Kazakhstan the snow leopard population totaled 180-200, in Uzbekistan around 100, and in Russia 150-200. The number and natural habitat of the species were in universal decline. Losses in Kyrgyzstan from poaching alone were no less than 30 animals per year in 1960-1980's. During this period the population in this area decreased by half, and the natural habitat by one third. With the break-up of the Soviet Union, poaching of the snow leopard and its pray grew by at least a factor of 3-4. It was estimated that 500-600 animals reduced the Kyrgyz snow leopard population in the 1990's. The population that remains today can barely be more than 150-200 individual snow leopards. The population has been physically decimated. Number of snow leopard in existence today in the former Soviet Union does not exceed 700-900 individual animals.
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Grachev Yu.A. (1991). Snow leopard Uncia uncia Sch. 1775 (Vol. Vol. 1. Animals.).
Abstract: Snow leopard is a rare species with shrinking habitat and decreasing population (category III). It is distributed in Tien Shan (the ridges of Karjantau, Ugam, Talas, Kyrgyz, Zailiyskiy, Kunghey, Terskey, Ketmen), Djungar Alatau, Tarbagatai, Saur, and South Altai. This species has disappeared in the Syrdarya Karatau and the mountains of North Tien Shan. Its total number in Kazakhstan is estimated to be 180-200 animals. The threats are reduction of mountain ungulates and poaching. Snow leopard is protected in the Aksu-Djabagly, Alma-Ata, and Markakol nature reserves and the Alma-Ata, Lepsin, and Tokhta sanctuaries. The Djungar nature reserve needs to be established.
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Qiseng, Y. (1994). Further Study on the Geographical Distribution and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Qinghai, China. In J.L.Fox, & D.Jizeng (Eds.), (pp. 73–78). Usa: Islt.
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Vorobjov G.G.& Ostastshenko A.N. (2002). The winter distribution of the ibex (Capra sibirica) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the Chatkal River Basin.
Abstract: There are 3 independent groups of the ibex in the Chatkal River basin and 2 ones of the wild boar. Therefore the populations of these animals are vulnerable in wintertime. The wild sheep (Ivis …••Œ‹) wide distributed in Chatkal valley earlier has not been found out. Pskem population of ibex is assessed as 30 individuals, Chandalash population as 450 ibexes and Chatkal population is assessed less than 200 individuals. Number of wild boar in Pskem ridge is 200 individuals; total number of Chandalash population is 20-25 boars.
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Molyukov M.I. (1989). Irbis.
Abstract: In a popular form it tells about snow leopard, its geographical distribution, behavioral patterns, food, enemies and competitors, hunting behavior, etc. Given are interesting data concerning the number of ibex killed during one hunt in eastern Pamir (25 30 ibexes), cases of snow leopard's attacking bears and so on. Snow leopard rarely preys on livestock, mainly sheep and goats. Young snow leopards are easily tamed. There are about 2,000 snow leopards in the USSR about 1,500 of them are in Kyrgyzstan.
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Sludskiy A.A. (1973). Snow leopard or irbis Pantera (Uncia) uncia Schreber (1776) (Vol. Vol. 34. Hunting mammals of Kazakhstan).
Abstract: A detailed description of the snow leopard habitat in Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Pakistan, and India is given. Provided are data concerning its distribution and population size in the USSR, Kazakhstan and other neighbour countries, as well as its habitat, catching, and fur trade. Reduction of the snow leopard catching volumes for zoological trade to 10 or less animals is recommended to preserve the species; establish two new highland nature reserves; improve the management of snow leopard raising in captivity.
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