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Author |
Matyushkin, E.N. |
Title |
Tracks and tracking techniques in studies of large carnivorous mammals |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Zoologichesky Zhurnal |
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79 |
Issue |
(4) |
Pages |
412-429 |
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Lynx; Scent-Marking; Organization; population; behavior; Felidae; Forest; Russia; tracking; pug marks; scent; marking; browse; 60; Russian |
Abstract |
In Russia, traditions of track observations and the use of tracking techniques in studying the ecology and behavior of mammals were founded by A.N. Formozov. An analytic review of his data on large carnivorous mammals (tiger, snow leopard, wolf, brown bear, wolverine, and others) is given. A special detailed observation of animals' tracks as a source of information on their life is shown only to start. The efficiency of track observations in various fields of studies, including counting animals, is estimated. The values of day and night distances for various animal species, given in literature, have never been properly substantiated methodically. The tracking method is the most effective in studying the use of the home range by animals, drawing the network of their movements and scent-marking behavior. The hunting behavior of large predators in dense forests is can only be deduced by observing their tracks. In some cases, the use of tracking has a distinct advantage over radio tracking. The main propositions are illustrated by the materials of the author obtained in various Russian regions (in forests of the northern Russian Plain and southern Far east) for 1958-1998. |
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Document Type: Russian |
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SLN @ rana @ 391 |
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652 |
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Author |
Kashkarov D.N. |
Title |
Order Carnivora- Carnivores. Family Felidae-Cats |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
Year |
1932 |
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392-393 |
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Turkestan; carnivores; Cats; snow leopard; distribution; biology; preys.; 7090; Russian |
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Snow leopard inhabits Tien Shan, Pamir, Bukhara and possibly Kopet-dag, as well as the Altai, Tibet, and northern slopes of the Himalayas. It preys on ibex, wild sheep, roe deer, hare, keklik (partridge), snow-cock and porcupine and sometimes attacks livestock. Snow leopard is not considered a dangerous animal since even being wounded, it would escape from men and could only rush to the attack when deadlocked. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animals of Turkestan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 687 |
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520 |
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Author |
Bobrinskiy N.A. |
Title |
The mountains of Central Asia |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
Year |
1951 |
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382 |
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Central Asia; zoogeography; mountain fauna; snow leopard.; 6320; Russian |
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Given is a general characteristic of fauna complexes in the mountains of Central Asia (Jungar Ala-Tau, Tien Shan, Hissar Alai, Kopet-Dag), peculiarities of animal distribution in association with folded mountain relief, vertical zoning, anthropogenic influence and importance of mountain fauna for human beings. It provides a description of main animal groups and is an effort of zoning fauna of the mountains of Central Asia. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Geography of animals (a course of zoogeography). |
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SLN @ rana @ 610 |
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179 |
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Author |
Yanushevich A.I. |
Title |
Mammals of Kyrgyzstan |
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Miscellaneous |
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1972 |
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377-380 |
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Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; habitats; number; life history characteristics; practical use.; 8640; Russian |
Abstract |
A description of snow leopard, its taxonomy, distribution, habitat, number, behavior, food, reproduction, parasites, infections, and practical importance is given. In Kyrgyzstan, irbis was found in the Chatkal, Kyrgyz, Talas ridges, and Terskei Alatoo. An official annual snow leopard hunting rate ranged from 10 (1955) to 54 skins (in 1936) in 1930-s through 1950-s. 17 snow leopards were caught for the purpose of zoo-export only in 1965-1966. Its skin has no special value and is used by local people for decoration of dwellings and making collars. |
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Full text available in Russian |
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no |
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 841 |
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1055 |
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Author |
Bannikov A.G. |
Title |
Genus Panthera |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
Year |
1971 |
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366 370 |
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Ussr; panthera; snow leopard; distribution; preys; reproduction.; 6140; Russian |
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It gives the description of genus Panthera: lion, tiger, leopard, jaguar and snow leopard. The mountains of Central Asia and South Siberia limit the habitat of snow leopard in the USSR. This species is also distributed in the Himalayas, Tibet, and mountains of Mongolia. In summer, it lives at 3,660 3,970 m above sea level, while in winter, following the ungulates; snow leopard descends to 1,800 m. In the Himalayas, it ascends up to 5,500 m above sea level in summer. In Djungar and Talas Ala-Tau, snow leopard keeps at 600 1,200 m. It takes refuge in caves and cracks of rocks. Snow leopard is mostly active in twilights and night, rarer in daylight, and preys on ungulates, hares, marmots, and others. The coupling period is winter or early spring. A gestation is about 90 days. It has 3 5 cubs in a litter. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Life of animals. Vertebrates. |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 592 |
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115 |
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Author |
Vashetko E.V. |
Title |
Snow Leopard bibliography in Central Asia |
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Miscellaneous |
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2004 |
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358-383 |
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Central Asia; bibliography; snow leopard.; 8470; Russian |
Abstract |
Reference List of the Snow Leopard investigation included publications on the studying various questions of ecology and conservation of the Snow Leopard in Central Asia (355) for the period with 1851 for 2004. The most important work on this species in the region, as well as results of the analysis of timing of publications was described. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Status and perspectives of the protected area network in Central Asia. |
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SLN @ rana @ 824 |
Serial |
982 |
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Author |
Sheikin A.O. |
Title |
Fleas of the carnivores of Kazakhstan (preliminary results of the data 1970-1888) |
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Miscellaneous |
Year |
1996 |
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353-361 |
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Kazakhstan; carnivores; ectoparasites; fleas; snow leopard.; 8130; Russian |
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The analysis of the data of national collection of Parasitological museum of Kazakh Antiplague Institute on ectoparasites from 12 species of carnivores that can be found in Kazakhstan: caracal, snow leopard, ermine, mountain weasel etc. helped to determine the species of fleas and their hosts specialization. Fleas were found on 57 animals/ 50 species of fleas were found, which can be specified to 23 genera, the total number is 525. The specific ones for the carnivores are 6 species fleas. The very low density of ectoparasites was indicated for caracal and snow leopard. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Status of mammal fauna in Russian and adjoining states. |
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SLN @ rana @ 791 |
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882 |
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Author |
Sokolov V.E. |
Title |
The Sary Chelek nature reserve |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
Year |
1990 |
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351-362 |
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Kyrgyzstan; Sary Chelek nature reserve; location; climate; soils; flora; fauna; mammals; snow leopard.; 8290; Russian |
Abstract |
It provides general information about the Sary Chelek nature reserve (Kyrgyzstan), its physico-geographical features, and description of flora and fauna. Fauna of mammals includes over 40 species. A lot of work has been done in the nature reserve in order to protect rare species, including predators such as snow leopard, lynx, and bear. Snow leopard keeps to highlands, sometime entering into the forest zone. It was observed near lake Sary-Chelek. The following ungulate species inhabit the nature reserve: wild boar, ibex, and roe-deer. Population of wild boar consists of 700 800 animals, ibex 350 400, roe-deer 300 animals. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 807 |
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910 |
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Author |
Sokolov V.E. |
Title |
Snow leopard |
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Miscellaneous |
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1986 |
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349-350 |
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Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; number; use; protection.; 8250; Russian |
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Snow leopard is an endangered species. Its number is steadily decreasing. In the USSR, snow leopard is distributed in the mountains of Central Asia: Pamir, Tien Shan, Djungar Ala-Tau, Tarbagatai, Saur. It is also met at altitudes ranging from 1,800 3,500 m above sea level. A total number of snow leopard in the USSR does not exceed 1,000 animals; according to other data 2,000 animals. A decreasing number of snow leopard and its habitat shrinkage is directly related to human's pursuing snow leopards (in the USSR snow leopard was for a long time being considered as a species causing damage to livestock so authorities gave premiums for catching/shooting snow leopards) and reduction of ungulate population. Snow leopards are now protected in mountain nature reserves of the USSR: Chatkal, Aksu-Djabagly, Ramit, Besh-Aral, Sary-Chelek, and Alma-Ata. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare and endangered animals. Mammals. |
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SLN @ rana @ 803 |
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908 |
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Author |
Filonov K.F. |
Title |
Large terrestrial mammals in the reserves of Russia: their status and prospects of conservation |
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Miscellaneous |
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1996 |
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343-348 |
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Russia; nature reserves; large mammals; carnivores; ungulates; distribution; number; snow leopard.; 6680; Russian |
Abstract |
The authors make an analysis of fauna of large mammals in 68 nature reserves. There are 10 carnivores and 17 ungulates. Wolf, brown bear, wolverine and lynx appeared to be more widely spread. Dhole, snow leopard, tiger, Himalayan bear have limited distribution and low density. Hey have recorded in a few nature reserves. Among the ungulates wild boar, musk deer, red deer, roe deer, moose, reindeer and aurochs are more widely spread. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Status of mammal fauna in Russian and adjoining states. |
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SLN @ rana @ 646 |
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276 |
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