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Author |
Ale, S.; Brown, J. |
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Title |
The contingencies of group size and vigilance |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Evolutionary Ecology Research, |
Abbreviated Journal |
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9 |
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1263-1276 |
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Keywords |
attraction effect,contingency,dilution effect,fitness,group-size effect,many-eyes effect,predation risk,vigilance behaviour; predation; decline; potential; predators; predator; feeding; Animals; Animal; use; food; effects; Relationship; behaviour; methods; game; Interactions; interaction; factor; value; Energy |
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Background: Predation risk declines non-linearly with one's own vigilance and the vigilance of others in the group (the 'many-eyes' effect). Furthermore, as group size increases, the individual's risk of predation may decline through dilution with more potential victims, but may increase if larger groups attract more predators. These are known, respectively, as the dilution effect and the attraction effect.
Assumptions: Feeding animals use vigilance to trade-off food and safety. Net feeding rate declines linearly with vigilance.
Question: How do the many-eyes, dilution, and attraction effects interact to influence the relationship between group size and vigilance behaviour?
Mathematical methods: We use game theory and the fitness-generating function to determine the ESS level of vigilance of an individual within a group.
Predictions: Vigilance decreases with group size as a consequence of the many-eyes and dilution effects but increases with group size as a consequence of the attraction effect, when they act independent of each other. Their synergetic effects on vigilance depend upon the relative strengths of each and their interactions. Regardless, the influence of other factors on vigilance – such as encounter rate with predators, predator lethality, marginal value of energy, and value of vigilance – decline with group size. |
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SLN @ rana @ 886 |
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53 |
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White, S.D.; Stannard, A.A.; Ihrke, P.J.; Rosser, E.J. |
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Title |
Therapy of demodicosis in snow leopard challenged |
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Year |
1981 |
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J Am Vet Med Assoc |
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178 |
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9 |
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877-878 |
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Amoxicillin: therapeutic use; Animal; Animals; zoo; Calcium: therapeutic use; Carnivora; Mite Infestations: drug therapy; veterinary; Sulfides: therapeutic use; Thiosulfates: therapeutic use; amoxicillin; therapeutic; calcium; mite; infestations; drug; therapy; drug therapy; sulfides; thiosulfates; browse; use; 360 |
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0003-1488 |
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Document Type: eng |
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SLN @ rana @ 57 |
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1020 |
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Fox, J.L., Sinha, S.P., Chundawat, R.S. |
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Title |
Activity patterns and habitat use of ibex in the Himalaya mountains of India |
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1992 |
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Journal of Mammology |
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73 |
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3 |
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527-534 |
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Capra ibex, activity patterns, habitat use, Himalaya mountains, India |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1168 |
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Changxi, X., Bai, D., Lambert, J. P., Li, Y., Cering, L., Gong, Z., Riordan, P., Shi, K. |
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Title |
How Snow Leopards Share the Same Landscape with Tibetan Agro-pastoral Communities in the Chinese Himalayas |
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2022 |
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Journal of Resources and Ecology |
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13 |
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3 |
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483-500 |
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habitat use; landscape ecology; occupancy model; Qomolangma; Panthera uncia |
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Abstract |
The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) inhabits a human-altered alpine landscape and is often tolerated by residents in regions where the dominant religion is Tibetan Buddhism, including in Qomolangma NNR on the northern side of the Chinese Himalayas. Despite these positive attitudes, many decades of rapid economic development and population growth can cause increasing disturbance to the snow leopards, altering their habitat use patterns and ultimately impacting their conservation. We adopted a dynamic landscape ecology perspective and used multi-scale technique and occupancy model to better understand snow leopard habitat use and coexistence with humans in an 825 km2 communal landscape. We ranked eight hypothetical models containing potential natural and anthropogenic drivers of habitat use and compared them between summer and winter seasons within a year. HABITAT was the optimal model in winter, whereas ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE was the top ranking in summer (AICcw≤2). Overall, model performance was better in the winter than in the summer, suggesting that perhaps some latent summer covariates were not measured. Among the individual variables, terrain ruggedness strongly affected snow leopard habitat use in the winter, but not in the summer. Univariate modeling suggested snow leopards prefer to use rugged land in winter with a broad scale (4000 m focal radius) but with a lesser scale in summer (30 m); Snow leopards preferred habitat with a slope of 22° at a scale of 1000 m throughout both seasons, which is possibly correlated with prey occurrence. Furthermore, all covariates mentioned above showed inextricable ties with human activities (presence of settlements and grazing intensity). Our findings show that multiple sources of anthropogenic activity have complex connections with snow leopard habitat use, even under low human density when anthropogenic activities are sparsely distributed across a vast landscape. This study is also valuable for habitat use research in the future, especially regarding covariate selection for finite sample sizes in inaccessible terrain. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1698 |
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Xiao, C., Bai, D., Lambert, J. P., Li, Y., Cering, L., Gong, Z., Riordan, P., Shi, K. |
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Title |
How Snow Leopards Share the Same Landscape with Tibetan Agro-pastoral Communities in the Chinese Himalayas |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Journal of Resources and Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
483-500 |
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Keywords |
habitat use; landscape ecology; occupancy model; Qomolangma; Panthera uncia |
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Abstract |
The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) inhabits a human-altered alpine landscape and is often tolerated by residents in regions where the dominant religion is Tibetan Buddhism, including in Qomolangma NNR on the northern side of the Chinese Himalayas. Despite these positive attitudes, many decades of rapid economic development and population growth can cause increasing disturbance to the snow leopards, altering their habitat use patterns and ultimately impacting their conservation. We adopted a dynamic landscape ecology perspective and used multi-scale technique and occupancy model to better understand snow leopard habitat use and coexistence with humans in an 825 km2 communal landscape. We ranked eight hypothetical models containing potential natural and anthropogenic drivers of habitat use and compared them between summer and winter seasons within a year. HABITAT was the optimal model in winter, whereas ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE was the top ranking in summer (AICcw≤2). Overall, model performance was better in the winter than in the summer, suggesting that perhaps some latent summer covariates were not measured. Among the individual variables, terrain ruggedness strongly affected snow leopard habitat use in the winter, but not in the summer. Univariate modeling suggested snow leopards prefer to use rugged land in winter with a broad scale (4000 m focal radius) but with a lesser scale in summer (30 m); Snow leopards preferred habitat with a slope of 22° at a scale of 1000 m throughout both seasons, which is possibly correlated with prey occurrence. Furthermore, all covariates mentioned above showed inextricable ties with human activities (presence of settlements and grazing intensity). Our findings show that multiple sources of anthropogenic activity have complex connections with snow leopard habitat use, even under low human density when anthropogenic activities are sparsely distributed across a vast landscape. This study is also valuable for habitat use research in the future, especially regarding covariate selection for finite sample sizes in inaccessible terrain. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1688 |
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Author |
Meklenburtsev R.N. |
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Title |
About ecology of ibex in Pamir |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1949 |
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Vol. 28, edition 5. |
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482-483 |
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Tajikistan; Pamir; ibex; distribution; number; diet; reproductive biology; predators; snow leopard; commercial use.; 7640; Russian |
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Ibex is distributed all over the Pamir mountains, inhabiting rocks and canyons and ascending up to 5,500 m above sea level. In summer, ibex mostly feeds upon sedge and cereals, in winter wormwood. It keeps in herds containing 15 to 30 animals. The coupling period is December; kids being born at the beginning of June. The most dangerous predators are snow leopard and wolf. Ibex is a main commercial game species. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoological journal. |
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SLN @ rana @ 742 |
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674 |
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Author |
Yanushevich A.I. |
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Title |
Mammals of Kyrgyzstan |
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Miscellaneous |
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1972 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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377-380 |
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Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; habitats; number; life history characteristics; practical use.; 8640; Russian |
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A description of snow leopard, its taxonomy, distribution, habitat, number, behavior, food, reproduction, parasites, infections, and practical importance is given. In Kyrgyzstan, irbis was found in the Chatkal, Kyrgyz, Talas ridges, and Terskei Alatoo. An official annual snow leopard hunting rate ranged from 10 (1955) to 54 skins (in 1936) in 1930-s through 1950-s. 17 snow leopards were caught for the purpose of zoo-export only in 1965-1966. Its skin has no special value and is used by local people for decoration of dwellings and making collars. |
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Full text available in Russian |
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SLN @ rana @ 841 |
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1055 |
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Author |
Sokolov V.E. |
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Title |
Snow leopard |
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Miscellaneous |
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1986 |
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349-350 |
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Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; number; use; protection.; 8250; Russian |
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Snow leopard is an endangered species. Its number is steadily decreasing. In the USSR, snow leopard is distributed in the mountains of Central Asia: Pamir, Tien Shan, Djungar Ala-Tau, Tarbagatai, Saur. It is also met at altitudes ranging from 1,800 3,500 m above sea level. A total number of snow leopard in the USSR does not exceed 1,000 animals; according to other data 2,000 animals. A decreasing number of snow leopard and its habitat shrinkage is directly related to human's pursuing snow leopards (in the USSR snow leopard was for a long time being considered as a species causing damage to livestock so authorities gave premiums for catching/shooting snow leopards) and reduction of ungulate population. Snow leopards are now protected in mountain nature reserves of the USSR: Chatkal, Aksu-Djabagly, Ramit, Besh-Aral, Sary-Chelek, and Alma-Ata. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare and endangered animals. Mammals. |
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SLN @ rana @ 803 |
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908 |
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Miller, D.J.; Jackson, R. |
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Title |
Livestock and Snow Leopards:making room for competing users on the Tibetian Plateau |
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Conference Article |
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1994 |
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315-328 |
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Keywords |
livestock; Tibet; herder; herders; predator; prey; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; Tibetian-Plateau; ungulates; wild-yak; blue-sheep; pika; marmots; gazelle; antelope; Qomolangma; Namcha-Barwa; Chang-Tang; habitat; grazing; wolves; pens; enclosures; bounties; bounty; pelts; skins; coats; furs; poisoning; medicine; bones; land-use; conservation; ecology; blue; sheep; browse; tibetian; plateau; wild; yak; namcha; barwa; change; tang; land use; land; 2800 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
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J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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SLN @ rana @ 244 |
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676 |
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Author |
Novikov G.A. |
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Title |
Sub-genus UNCIA Gray |
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Miscellaneous |
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1956 |
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274-277 |
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Ussr; Central Asia; uncia; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; habitats; highly mountain; reproduction; Migration; use.; 7760; Russian |
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Identification features of the sub-genus Uncia (colour; length of body and tail; shoulder height, and skull measurements) are given. Distribution, habitat, way of life, reproduction biology, behavioural patterns, migration routes, commercial value of snow leopard in the USSR is described. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Predatory mammals of the USSR fauna. |
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SLN @ rana @ 754 |
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726 |
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Jafri, R.H.; Shah, F. |
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The role of education and research in the conservation of snow leopard and its habitat in Northern Pakistan |
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1994 |
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273-277 |
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Pakistan; Khunjerab; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; education; ibex; Marco-Polo-sheep; hunting; predator; prey; diet; marmot; activity; Nepal; Chitral-Gol; war; land-use; climate; blue-sheep; home-range; Disease; blue; sheep; browse; Marco-Polo; protected; area; areas; land use; land; 3120 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
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J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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SLN @ rana @ 233 |
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482 |
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Jalanka, H.H.; Roeken, B. |
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Title |
The use of Medetomidine, Medetomidine-Ketamine combinations, and Atipamezole in nondomestic mammals: A review |
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Journal Article |
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1990 |
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Journal-of-Zoo-and-Wildlife-Medicine |
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21 |
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3 |
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259-282 |
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use; medetomidine; atipamezole; mammals |
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Abstract |
The recent development of potent and specifica lphar-adrenoceptoar gonistsa nd antagonists has enhanced their use in nondomestic animal immobilization and reversal. Medetomidine, a new potent alphar-agonist, in combination with the dissociative anesthetic ketamine, has been used to immobilize a variety of nondomestic mammals. Medetomidine alone induces sedation in a dose-dependent way, and complete immobilization has been achieved with high doses in semidomesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and blue foxes (Alopex lagopus). Howbver, we feel that ketamine should be added to the immobilization mixture to ensure complete immobilization and operator safety. In ketamine combinations, medetomidine doses are usually 60-100 pg/kg. The required ketamine doses are remarkably low:0.8-1.6 mglkg in most ruminants,2.5-3.0 mgUgin felids,u rsids,a nd canids,a nd 5.G-8.0m glkgi n primates,w olverines(Gulog ulo),ando therm uitelids. Clinically, the resulting immobilization is characterized by a smooth onset, good to excellent myorelaxation, and areflexia at higher doses. Determinations of hematologic, serum biochemicil, arterial blood gas,a nd acid-bases tatusp arametersi ndicate that the immobilization is physiologically sound. We have had no fatalities attributable to the immobilization mixture ( I ,240 immobilizations). The alphar-adrenoceptora ntagonist,a tipamezole,i s highly efective in reversingt he immobilization induced by medetomidine, medetomidine-ketamine combinations, or xylazine. In ruminants, the medetomidine-ketamine-induced immobilization can be rapidly and persistently reversed by administering 100-l 50 1rg/kg of alipamezole i.v. and the rest s.c., adjusting the total atipamezole dose to an atipamezole: medetomidine ratio of approximately 4-5 (w/w). Becauseth e required ketamine doses are relatively high in carnivores, we prefer to use a lower atipamezole dose (totil atipamezoie: medetomidine ratio approximately 2-3 w/w) and to administer it i.m. or s.c. Using thii regimen, reversals are calm and animals show minimal “residual ketamine effect.” Because atipamezole is a competitive antagonist, its dose should be reduced if it is administered late in the immobilization period when a large part of medetomidine has been endogenously metabolized. Xylazine-induced immobilization is rapidly reversed by I mg of atipamezole for every 8-12 mg of xylazine used. |
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American Association of Zoo Veterinarians |
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SLN @ rana @ 1081 |
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486 |
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Author |
Bogdanov O.P. |
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Title |
Snow leopard (Felis uncia) |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1961 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
246-247 |
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Uzbekistan; snow leopard; distriburion; life history; diet; use.; 6360; Russian |
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Abstract |
In Uzbekistan, this species is distributed in spurs of Tien Shan and Gissar. It preys on ibex, rarer on argalis, roe-deers, young wild boars. In winter, it attacks livestock and sometimes feeds upon marmots and smaller rodents. Snow leopard attacks man very rarely, only when wounded. The economic significance of this species is low, since only few skins are traded. Its dressed skins are used as rugs. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animals of Uzbekistan. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 614 |
Serial |
183 |
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Author |
Sludsky A.A. |
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Title |
Genus Snow leopard Uncia Gray, 1854. Snow leopard Uncia uncia Schreber, 1775 |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1982 |
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Volume |
Vol. III, Part 2. |
Issue |
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222-240 |
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Kazakhstan; taxonomy; distribution; number; biology; use; snow leopard.; 8190; Russian |
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Abstract |
Snow leopard is rare and extinctive species that have scientific and aesthetic significance. The features of genus Uncia and species Uncia uncia are described. Also distribution, habitat, way of life, reproduction biology, behavioural patterns, migration routes, infections and parasites, enemies and competitors, number and number fluctuation, practical value of snow leopard in the Kazakhstan are given. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals of Kazakhstan. Carnivora (Mustelidae, Felidae). |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 797 |
Serial |
900 |
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Author |
Lutz, H.; Isenbugel, E.; Lehmann, R. |
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Title |
Retrovirus serology in snow leopards and other wild felids in European zoos |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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203-208 |
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veterinary; medicine; retrovirus-serology; retoviruses; pathogens; leukemia; spumavirus; anemia; neoplasia; immune-suppression; gingivitus; browse; retrovirus serology; retrovirus; serology; immune suppression; immune; suppression; 3460 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 243 |
Serial |
628 |
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Author |
Sulser, C.E.; Steck, B.L.; Baur, B. |
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Title |
Effects of construction noise on behaviour of and exhibit use by Snow leopards Uncia uncia at Basel zoo |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
International Zoo Yearbook |
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42 |
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199-205 |
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behaviour; captive; construction noise; exhibit use; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; zoo |
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Noise caused by human activities can cause stress in animals. We examined whether noise from construction sites affects the behaviour of and exhibit use by three Snow leopards Uncia uncia at Basel zoo. The behaviour and location of the animals were recorded at 1 minute intervals, using the instantaneous scan sampling method over a period of 216 hours (104 hours on noisy days and 112 hours on quiet days). The animals differed individually in their responses to the construction noise. On noisy days, the Snow leopards generally spent less time in locomotion and more time resting, but even on quiet days, resting was the predominant behaviour performed. Under noisy conditions, they increased social resting and decreased resting alone. Walking and social walking were also reduced on noisy days. Furthermore, the Snow leopards spent considerably more time in the remote offexhibit enclosure under noisy conditions. Independent of background noise, they stayed more than half of the time in the caves and the forecourts of the outdoor enclosure. On quiet days, the Snow leopards used more sectors of their exhibit than on noisy days. The results indicate that the Snow leopards responded to construction noise by increasing the amount of time spent resting and by withdrawing to the remote parts of their exhibit. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 910 |
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943 |
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Author |
Kolosov A.M. |
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Title |
Genus Snow leopards Uncia |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1979 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
150-151 |
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Ussr; snow leopard; systematic position; life-history; distribution; number; preys; practical use.; 7220; Russian |
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It provides description of appearance, distribution, behavioral patterns, and use of snow leopard in the USSR. The predator inhabits the mountains of Central Asia, east of the Amudarya river, along the ridges of Djungar Ala-Tau and Tarbagatai, South Altai, West and East Sayans. Its main food is ungulates, though it also preys on snow-cocks, marmots, small birds, and rodents. Sometimes attacks sheep. It has no enemy other than wolf; its diseases are not studied. Snow leopard is not dangerous for man. The fur-skin is used for making rugs and fur. Less than 1,000 animals are hunted globally. Before 1960, in the USSR less than 120 skins were annually purchased. Its total population is several thousand animals. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biology of game animals in the USSR. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 700 |
Serial |
549 |
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Author |
Sapojnikov G.N. |
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Title |
Distribution and number of several endangered mammals and birds of Tajikistan |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1984 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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129-143 |
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Tajikistan; endangered species; snow leopard; number; use.; 8070; Russian |
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Abstract |
Many years' data connected with the distribution and number of endangered species of animals as dhole (Cuon alpinus Pall), striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena L.), snow leopard (Uncia uncia Shreb.) and birds of Tajikistan are given. Area of snow leopard includes the most of mountain ridges in this country. The total number is evaluated about 160-200 individuals. The record quantity of legal harvested skins of snow leopard is 64 in 1946. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Natural resources and nature reserves of Tajikistan. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 785 |
Serial |
844 |
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Author |
Ishunin G.I. |
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Title |
Irbis, or snow leopard Felis (Uncia) uncia S¤hr†b†a 1778 |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1961 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
Vol. 3. |
Issue |
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Pages |
127-131 |
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Keywords |
Uzbekistan; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; behavior; practical use.; 6880; Russian |
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Abstract |
It describes diagnostic signs and taxonomy of snow leopard as well as its distribution, behavioral patterns and use in Uzbekistan. This predator inhabits the Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, Turkistan, and Gissar ridges. It mainly preys on ibex, and marmots, vole-mouse, and snow-cocks. Sometimes it attacks domestic sheep. Snow leopard is of low commercial value. The cost of skin is 4 roubles 70 kopecks. Only a few skins are purchased. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of the Uzbek SSR. Mammals (predators and ungulates). |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 666 |
Serial |
412 |
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Author |
Li, J., Yin, H., Wang, D., Jiagong, Z., Lu, Zhi |
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Title |
Human-snow leopard conflicts in the Sanjiangyuan Region of the Tibetan Plateau |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
Publication |
Biological Conservs |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
166 |
Pages |
118-123 |
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Keywords |
Panthera uncia, Human-wildlife conflict, Traditional use, Livestock depredation, Economic value, Cultural image, Attitude |
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Abstract |
Conflicts between humans and snow leopards are documented across much of their overlapping distribution
in Central Asia. These conflicts manifest themselves primarily in the form of livestock depredation
and the killing of snow leopards by local herders. This source of mortality to snow leopards is a key conservation concern. To investigate human-snow leopard conflicts in the Sanjiangyuan Region of the Tibetan Plateau, we conducted household interviews about local herders’ traditional use of snow leopard
parts, livestock depredation, and overall attitudes towards snow leopards. We found most respondents
(58%) knew that snow leopard parts had been used for traditional customs in the past, but they claimed
not in the past two or three decades. It may be partly due to the issuing of the Protection of Wildlife Law
in 1998 by the People’s Republic of China. Total livestock losses were damaging (US$ 6193 per household
in the past 1 year), however snow leopards were blamed by herders for only a small proportion of those
losses (10%), as compared to wolves (45%) and disease (42%). Correspondingly, the cultural images of
snow leopards were neutral (78%) and positive (9%) on the whole. It seems that human-snow leopard
conflict is not intense in this area. However, snow leopards could be implicated by the retaliatory killing
of wolves. We recommend a multi-pronged conservation program that includes compensation, insurance
programs, and training local veterinarians to reduce livestock losses. |
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no |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1399 |
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Author |
De Groot, H.; Van Swieten, P.; Aalberse, R.C. |
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Title |
Evidence for a Fel d I-like molecule in the “big cats” (Felidae species) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
J Allergy Clin Immunol |
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86 |
Issue |
1 |
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107-116 |
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Keywords |
Adolescence; Adult; Allergens; immunology; Animal; Antibodies; Monoclonal; diagnostic; use; Antibody; Specificity; Carnivora; Cats; Comparative; study; Cross; Reactions; Hair; Histamine; Release; Human; IgE; analysis; IgG; Middle; Age; Radioallergosorbent; Test; methods; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; browse; us; government; gov't; 240 |
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Abstract |
In this study, we investigated the cross-reactivity pattern of IgE and IgG4 antibodies to the major feline allergen, Fel d I. We studied the IgE and IgG4 response of 11 cat-allergic patients against Fel d I-like structures in eight members of the Felidae family: ocelot, puma, serval, siberian tiger, lion, jaguar, snow leopard, and caracal. Hair from these “big cats” was collected, extracted, and used in a RAST system and histamine-release test. By means of a RAST-inhibition assay with affinity-purified Fel d I from cat dander, it was established that, in the Felidae species, a Fel d I equivalent is present that reacts with IgE and IgG4 antibodies. We found that all patients had cross-reacting IgE antibodies to seven of the Felidae tested; no IgE antibodies reactive with the caracal were found. Eight of 10 patients with IgG4 antibodies directed to cat dander also had IgG4 antibodies directed to several Felidae species, including the caracal. However, the correlation between the IgE and the IgG4 antibody specificity was low, indicating that, in the case of Fel d I IgE and IgG4, antibodies do not necessarily have the same specificity. |
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0091-6749 |
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Document Type: eng |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 157 |
Serial |
233 |
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Author |
Ishunin G.I. |
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Title |
Genus Snow leopard Uncia gray, 1854 |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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1987 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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94-97 |
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Uzbekistan; mammals; game species; biology; distribution; practical use; conservation measures.; 6940; Russian |
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Abstract |
It provides data concerning biology, distribution and use game and commercial mammal species in Uzbekistan, and recommends on ways of hunting and initial fur-skin processing. It also describes the matter of conservation and rehabilitation of rare species' populations. From 1930-s to 1960-s over 20 snow leopard skins were reported to be traded officially. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Game animals of Uzbekistan. |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 672 |
Serial |
418 |
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Author |
Zhirnov L.V. |
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Title |
Rare and endangered species of the USSR |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1978 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
91-94 |
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Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; number; practical use.; 8740; Russian |
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Abstract |
A description of snow leopard number, distribution, reproductive biology, death reasons, and conservation measures in the USSR, where northern and north-western border of its habitat runs, is given. The population of snow leopard in the USSR is 500 1,000 animals. In the Inner Tien Shan, 400 snow leopards were caught 1936 through 1970. The maximum of 120 skins was purchased in Pamir in 1956 1958. Population of snow leopard directly correlates with population of ibex, a fact being verified by data collected on a long-term basis. Moreover, snow leopard was for a long time considered as a harmful animal, shooting of which was encouraged by premiums and resulted in reduction of snow leopard population. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals and birds. |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 851 |
Serial |
1080 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Ale, S.B.; Yonzon, P.; Thapa, K. |
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Title |
Recovery of snow leopard Uncia uncia in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park, Nepal |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Oryx |
Abbreviated Journal |
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41 |
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89-92 |
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Keywords |
Nepal; recovery; Sagarmatha Mount Everest National Park; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; surveys; survey; snow; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia; Uncia-uncia; valley; Sagarmatha; national; national park; National-park; park; using; information; management; system; research; transects; transect; sign; areas; area; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; 40; Himalayan; tahr; musk; musk-deer; deer; location; recent; species; grazing; land; Forest; habitat; domestic; wild; ungulates; ungulate; livestock; tourism; development; traditional; land use; land-use; use; wildlife |
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Abstract |
From September to November 2004 we conducted surveys of snow leopard Uncia uncia signs in three major valleys in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park in Nepal using the Snow Leopard Information Management System, a standardized survey technique for snow leopard research. We walked 24 transects covering c. 14 km and located 33 sites with 56 snow leopard signs, and 17 signs incidentally in other areas. Snow leopards appear to have re-inhabited the Park, following their disappearance c. 40 years ago, apparently following the recovery of Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus and musk deer Moschus chrysogaster populations. Taken together the locations of all 73 recent snow leopard signs indicate that the species is using predominantly grazing land and shrubland/ open forest at elevations of 3,000-5,000 m, habitat types that are also used by domestic and wild ungulates. Sagarmatha is the homeland of c. 3,500 Buddhist Sherpas with .3,000 livestock. Along with tourism and associated developments in Sagarmatha, traditional land use practices could be used to ensure coexistence of livestock and wildlife, including the recovering snow leopards, and ensure the wellbeing of the Sherpas. |
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http://www.snowleopardnetwork.org/bibliography/Ale_2007.pdf |
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SLN @ rana @ 884 |
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58 |
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Author |
Pokrovskiy V.S. |
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Title |
Snow leopard, or irbis |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1976 |
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82-98 |
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Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; number; use; protection.; 7940; Russian |
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It considers biology of snow leopard, provides data concerning its number and distribution, and shows environment correlation of the predator. Besides, it describes the ways of catching snow leopards, and conditions under which it can be kept in enclosures. Precise recommendations for the species protection are given. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Large mammals. |
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SLN @ rana @ 772 |
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780 |
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