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Author Paul, H.A.; Bargar, W.L.; Leininger, R. url 
  Title Total hip replacement in a snow leopard Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication J Am Vet Med Assoc Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 187 Issue 11 Pages (down) 1262-1263  
  Keywords Animal; Carnivora; surgery; Case; Report; Hip; Dislocation; veterinary; Prosthesis; Male; browse; 310  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-1488 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 82 Serial 760  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Mainka, S.A. url 
  Title Bilateral separation of the olecranon and proximal epiphysis from the ulnar diaphysis in a snow leopard cub Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication J Am Vet Med Assoc Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 189 Issue 9 Pages (down) 1204-1205  
  Keywords Animal; Carnivora; injuries; Case-Report; Epiphyses; Forelimb; Male; Ulna; browse; 290  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-1488 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 97 Serial 636  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Karesh, W.B.; Kunz, L.L. url 
  Title Bilateral testicular seminoma in a snow leopard Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication J Am Vet Med Assoc Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 189 Issue 9 Pages (down) 1201  
  Keywords Animal; Carnivora; Case Report; Dysgerminoma; pathology; veterinary; Male; Testicular; neoplasms; Testis; browse; 300  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-1488 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 98 Serial 514  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Berenstein, F. url 
  Title The snow leopard. Fusion in an Elaborated Delusional Fantasy Type Journal Article
  Year 1984 Publication Am J Psychoanal Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages (down) 377-397  
  Keywords Adolescence; Case; Report; Countertransference; Psychology; Divorce; Fantasy; Gender; Identity; Human; Male; Parent-Child; Relations; Professional-Patient; Psychoanalytic Interpretation; Psychoanalytic; therapy; Psychosexual; development; Transference; parent; child; professional; patient; interpretation; browse; 340  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0002-9548 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 68 Serial 130  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Thorel, M.F.; Karoui, C.; Varnerot, A.; Fleury, C.; Vincent, V. url 
  Title Isolation of Mycobacterium bovis from baboons, leopards and a sea-lion Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Vet Res Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages (down) 207-212  
  Keywords Animal; Animals; zoo; Carnivora; microbiology; Case; Report; Cattle; Dna; Fingerprinting; Transposable; Elements; Disease; Outbreaks; veterinary; France; Genome; Bacterial; Germany; Male; Monkey; Diseases; diagnosis; epidemiology; Mycobacterium; Infections; bovis; classification; isolation; purification; Papio; Seals; browse; 440  
  Abstract This study reports on two series of cases of Mycobacterium bovis infection in zoo animals. The first was in a captive population of baboons (Papio hamadryas) and the second in a mixed group of wild mammals, including four leopards (Panthera uncia and Panthera pardus) and a sea-lion (Otaria byrona). The isolation and identification of strains of M. bovis confirmed the presence of M. bovis infections in both zoos. The epidemiological study using genetic markers such as the IS6110-based DNA fingerprinting system made it possible to differentiate between M. bovis strains. The M. bovis strains isolated from baboons were shown to contain a single IS6110 copy, as usually do cattle isolates, whereas the M. bovis strains isolated from the other exotic animals presented multiple copies. This finding suggests that the origin of the contamination for the baboons in zoo A could be related to cattle. The origin of the contamination for the leopards and sea-lion in zoo B is more difficult to determine. In conclusion, the authors suggest some recommendations for avoiding outbreaks of tuberculosis infections in zoos.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0928-4249 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 346 Serial 966  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Wahlberg, C. url 
  Title Autopsy findings and causes of death in captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia): a preliminary report Type Book Chapter
  Year 1980 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 2 Issue Pages (down) 205-217  
  Keywords Autopsy; Death; captive; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; Report; International; pedigree  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1095 Serial 998  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Schaffer, E.; Wiesner, H.; Von Hegel, G. url 
  Title Multiple ocular coloboma (MOC) with persistent pupillary membrane in the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication Tierarztl Prax Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages (down) 87-91  
  Keywords Animal; Carnivora; Case; Report; Coloboma; etiology; pathology; veterinary; Comparative; study; Eyelids; abnormalities; Male; Optic; Nerve; Syndrome; browse; 270; german  
  Abstract In a litter of three snow leopards, bilateral colobomata of the upper temporal eyelids, bilateral persistent pupillary membranes and a unilateral coloboma of the optic nerve entrance are described as “Multiple Ocular Colobomata” (MOC). The causal pathogenesis of each of the colobomata is discussed comparatively. The colobomata of the eyelids, essential feature of the MOC syndrome in snow leopards, are most probably not of hereditary, but rather of intrauterine infectious viral origin.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0303-6286 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Document Type: German Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 112 Serial 851  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Jackson, R. url 
  Title People-Wildlife Conflict Management in the Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Type Conference Article
  Year 1998 Publication Abbreviated Journal Tibet's Biodiversity: Conservation and Management.Proceedings of a Conference, August 30-September 4  
  Volume Issue Pages (down) 40-46  
  Keywords conflict; conflict management; management; Qomolangma; nature; preserve; Tibet; primary; Report; conflicts; damage; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; reserve; protected; endangered; endangered mammals; mammals; biodiversity; conservation  
  Abstract The primary objective of this paper is to report on people-wildlife conflicts arising from crop damage and livestock depredation in the Qomolangma Reserve, with special reference to the management of protected and endangered mammals.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Tibet Forestry Department and World Wide Fund for Nature. China Forestry Publishing House. Place of Publication China Editor Ning, W.; Miller, D.; Zhu, L.; Springer, J.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title Tibet's Biodiversity: Conservation and Management.  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes 188 pages in proceedings. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1013 Serial 461  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Blomqvist, L. url 
  Title The 1980 annual report of the captive snow leopard (Panthera uncia) population and a review at the breeding results during the 1970's Type Report
  Year 1981 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (down) 32-50  
  Keywords zoo; Report; 1980; captive; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; population; breeding; 1970  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Helsinki Zoo Annual Report Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 998 Serial 154  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author McCarthy, T.; Khan, J.; Ud-Din, J.; McCarthy, K. url 
  Title First study of snow leopards using GPS-satellite collars underway in Pakistan Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Cat News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 46 Issue Spring Pages (down) 22-23  
  Keywords study; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; using; collars; collar; Pakistan; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; habitat; Cats; cat; sound; knowledge; ecology; behavior; conserve; information; radio; radio collars; radio collar; radio-collars; radio-collar; Nepal; 1980; Mongolia; 1990; Gps; Report; Data; Satellite  
  Abstract Snow leopards (Uncia uncia) are highly cryptic and occupy remote inaccessible habitat, making studying the cats difficult in the extreme. Yet sound knowledge of the cat's ecology, behavior and habitat needs is required to intelligently conserve them. This information is lacking for snow leopards, and until recently so was the means to fill that knowledge gap. Two long-term studies of snow leopards using VHF radio collars have been undertaken in Nepal (1980s) and Mongolia (1990s) but logistical and technological constraints made the findings of both studies equivocal. Technological advances in the interim, such as GPS collars which report data via satellite, make studies of snow leopards more promising, at least in theory.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1009 Serial 666  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Suryawanshi, K.R. url 
  Title Towards snow leopard prey recovery: understanding the resource use strategies and demographic responses of bharal Pseudois nayaur to livestock grazing and removal; Final project report Type Report
  Year 2009 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (down) 1-43  
  Keywords project; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; network; conservation; program; prey; recovery; resource; use; strategy; demographic; Response; bharal; Pseudois; pseudois nayaur; Pseudois-nayaur; nayaur; livestock; grazing; Report; decline; wild; populations; population; Himalayan; region; Competition; threats; threat; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; study; diet; winter; Test; browse; nutrition; areas; area; young; Female; times; High; Adult; mortality; species; predators; predator; endangered; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya  
  Abstract Decline of wild prey populations in the Himalayan region, largely due to competition with livestock, has been identified as one of the main threats to the snow leopard Uncia uncia. Studies show that bharal Pseudois nayaur diet is dominated by graminoids during summer, but the proportion of graminoids declines in winter. We explore the causes for the decline of graminoids from bharal winter diet and resulting implications for bharal conservation. We test the predictions generated by two alternative hypotheses, (H1) low graminoid availability caused by livestock grazing during winter causes bharal to include browse in their diet, and, (H2) bharal include browse, with relatively higher nutrition, to compensate for the poor quality of graminoids during winter. Graminoid availability was highest in areas without livestock grazing, followed by areas with moderate and intense livestock grazing. Graminoid quality in winter was relatively lower than that of browse, but the difference was not statistically significant. Bharal diet was dominated by graminoids in areas with highest graminoid availability. Graminoid contribution to bharal diet declined monotonically with a decline in graminoid availability. Bharal young to female ratio was three times higher in areas with high graminoid availability than areas with low graminoid availability. No starvation-related adult mortalities were observed in any of the areas. Composition of bharal winter diet was governed predominantly by the availability of graminoids in the rangelands. Since livestock grazing reduces graminoid availability, creation of livestock free areas is necessary for conservation of grazing species such as the bharal and its predators such as the endangered snow leopard in the Trans-Himalaya.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program, 2008. Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysore. Post-graduate Program in Wildlife Biology and Conservation, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Wildlife Conservation Society -India program, Bangalore, India. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1077 Serial 952  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Mishra, C.; Madhusudan, M.D.; Datta, A. url 
  Title Mammals of the high altitudes of western Arunachal Pradesh, eastern Himalaya: an assessment of threats and conservation needs Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2006 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages (down) 1-7  
  Keywords anthropogenic; area; Arunachal; assessment; awareness; bharal; biodiversity; carnivore; carnivores; community; community-based; conservation; deer; depredation; dhole; endangered; extinct; fauna; goral; grazing; habitat; habitats; High; Himalaya; hunting; incentives; India; indian; Iucn; leopard; livestock; livestock-depredation; livestock depredation; local; mammals; musk; musk-deer; nayaur; panthera; people; peoples; plant; plants; potential; Pseudois; Pseudois-nayaur; pseudois nayaur; range; recent; region; Report; reserve; resource; schools; snow; snow-leopard; snow leopard; species; survey; surveys; threat; threatened; threats; tiger; uncia; Uncia-uncia; Uncia uncia; ungulate; ungulates; valley; wildlife; work; Panthera-tigris; tigris  
  Abstract The high altitudes of Arunachal Pradesh,India, located in the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot, remain zoologically unexplored and unprotected. We report results of recent mammal surveys in the high altitude habitats of western Arunachal Pradesh. A total of 35 mammal species (including 12 carnivores, 10 ungulates and 5 primates) were recorded, of which 13 are categorized as Endangered or Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. One species of primate, the Arunachal macaque Macaca munzala, is new to science and the Chinese goral Nemorhaedus caudatus is a new addition to the ungulate fauna of the Indian subcontinent. We documented peoples' dependence on natural resources for grazing and extraction of timber and medicinal plants. The region's mammals are threatened by widespread hunting. The snow leopard Uncia uncia and dhole Cuon alpinus are also persecuted in retaliation for livestock depredation. The tiger Panthera tigris, earlier reported from the lower valleys, is now apparently extinct there, and range reductions over the last two decades are reported for bharal Pseudois nayaur and musk deer Moschus sp.. Based on mammal species richness, extent of high altitude habitat, and levels of anthropogenic disturbance, we identified a potential site for the creation of Arunachal's first high altitude wildlife reserve (815 km2). Community-based efforts that provide incentives for conservation-friendly practices could work in this area, and conservation awareness programmes are required, not just amongst the local communities and schools but for politicians, bureaucrats and the army.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 861 Serial 697  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Namgail, T.   
  Title Interactions between argali and livestock, Gya-Miru Wildlife Sanctuary, Ladakh, India, Final Project Report Type Report
  Year 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (down) 1-39  
  Keywords Interactions; interaction; argali; livestock; Gya-Miru; wildlife; sanctuary; sanctuaries; Ladakh; India; project; Report; land-use; land use; region; indian; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya; economy; Animal; products; meat; diet; people; wool; goats; goat; International; High; recent; change; population; grazing; Pressure; pasture; impact; 2000; knowledge; primary; Chundawat; wild; area; Support; ungulate; species; fox; nature; domestic; sheep; habitat; habitat use; use; tibetan; Tibetan argali; ovis; Ovis ammon hodgsoni; ammon; reserve; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trust; program  
  Abstract Livestock production is the major land-use in Ladakh region of the Indian Trans-Himalaya, and is a crucial sector that drives the region's economy (Anon, 2002). Animal products like meat and milk provide protein to the diet of people, while products like wool and pashmina (soft fibre of goats) find their way to the international market. Such high utility of livestock and the recent socio-economic changes in the region have caused an increase in livestock population (Rawat and Adhikari, 2002; Anon. 2002), which, if continue apace, may increase grazing pressure and deteriorate pasture conditions. Thus, there is an urgent need to assess the impact of such escalation in livestock population on the regions wildlife. Although, competitive interaction between wildlife and livestock has been studied elsewhere in the Trans-Himalaya (Bhatnagar et al., 2000; Mishra, 2001; Bagchi et al., 2002), knowledge on this aspect in the Ladakh region is very rudimentary. The rangelands of Ladakh are characterised by low primary productivity (Chundawat & Rawat, 1994), and the wild herbivores are likely to compete with the burgeoning livestock on these impoverished rangelands (Mishra et al., 2002). Thus, given that the area supports a diverse wild ungulate assemblage of eight species (Fox et al., 1991b), and an increasing livestock population (Rawat and Adhikari, 2002), the nature of interaction between wildlife and livestock needs to be assessed. During this project, we primarily evaluated the influence of domestic sheep and goat grazing on the habitat use of Tibetan argali Ovis ammon hodgsoni in a prospective wildlife reserve in Ladakh.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program, 2003. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1073 Serial 711  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Namgay, K. url 
  Title Snow Leopard and Prey Population Conservation in Bhutan Type Report
  Year 2007 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (down) 1-5  
  Keywords 2000; 30; activities; activity; asia; Bhutan; China; conservation; dates; Dorji; field; government; habitat; habitats; India; International; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; international snow leopard trust; Jigme; Jigme-Dorji; leopard; leopards; methods; national; National-park; national park; Nepal; Pakistan; park; plan; population; populations; prey; program; programs; project; region; regional; Report; Slims; snow; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; staff; status; strategy; Support; survey; surveys; techniques; training; trust; ungulate; us; using; wild; wildlife; work; workshop; world-wildlife-fund; world wildlife fund; Wwf  
  Abstract Snow leopard conservation work in Bhutan dates back to 1999 and 2000 when the International Snow Leopard Trust-in collaboration with the Royal Government of Bhutan and World Wildlife Fund-initiated a training workshop. More than 30 government staff were trained in SLIMS survey techniques. As a part of the training exercise, a preliminary survey on snow leopard was also carried out using the SLIMS methods in Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Park. Based on the survey results, we estimated there was a population of 100 snow leopards in the wild and 10,000 km2 of habitat. In 2005, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) organized the WWF/South Asia Regional Workshop on Snow leopard Conservation in Bhutan. Both regional (Bhutan, India, China, Nepal and Pakistan) and international experts revisited the snow leopard programs and developed a work plan for the overall conservation of the snow leopard in the region. This led to WWF's Regional Snow leopard Conservation Strategy. WWF is pleased to submit our final report to the International Snow Leopard Trust on the oneyear, $8,000 grant in support of Snow Leopard and Prey Population Conservation in Bhutan. With the support of the Snow Leopard Trust, we have made great strides towards achieving our goal for this project: To determine the current status of snow leopard and ungulate prey populations in prime snow leopard habitats. Major accomplishments and activities completed thanks to the generous support of the International Snow Leopard Trust include:

 Signed of a Terms of Reference between Royal Government, International Snow Leopard

Trust – India, World Wildlife Fund and International Snow Leopard Trust -US;

 Developed a joint revised project work plan; and

 Purchased basic field supplies and equipment needed for the surveys planned.		  
  Address  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program, 2006. Contact Thomas Dillon (202) 778-9766 phone or email Thomas.dillon@wwfus.org Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1074 Serial 714  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Oli, M.K. url 
  Title Ecology and conservation of snow leopard project Type Report
  Year 1991 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 6628 Issue Pages (down) 1-9  
  Keywords 1990; conservation; ecology; Report; snow leopard; Wwf  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WWF Project #6628: progress report 2 for the period December 1990 – March 1991. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 984 Serial 743  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Anonymous url 
  Title Snow leopard management plan of Mongolia (draft) Type Report
  Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (down) 1-18  
  Keywords snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; management; plan; Mongolia; Report; world wildlife fund; world-wildlife-fund; wildlife; country; countries; Uvs; protected; protected area; protected-area; area; administration; nature; environment; 2000  
  Abstract  
  Address  
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  Notes Report prepared in collaboration among the World Wildlife Fund Mongolia country office, Uvs Nuur Protected Area Administration, the Ministry of Nature and the Environment, and concerned agencies and individuals. March 2000. Draft. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 993 Serial 91  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Thapa, K. url 
  Title Is their any correlation between abundance of blue sheep population and livestock depredation by snow leopards in the Phu Valley, Manang District, Annapurna Conservation Area? Final report Type Report
  Year 2005 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (down) 1-19  
  Keywords abundance; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; population; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; valley; Manang; annapurna; annapurna conservation area; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; conservation; area; Report; project; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; Nepal  
  Abstract This study was undertaken in the Phu valley of Manang district in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal,

Spring, 2004 and 2005. I used the Snow Leopard Management Information System (“second order” survey technique), to determine

the relative abundance of snow leopards in delineated areas in Phu valley. Transects routes were plotted by

randomly selected feasible landforms such as along ridgelines, cliff bases and river bluffs where snow

leopards sign is likely to be found. Altogether, 16 transects (total length of 7.912 km) were laid down (mean

transect length=0.495 km). They revealed, 54 sign sites (both relic and non-relic) and altogether 88 signs (72

scrapes, 11 feces, 3 scent mark, 2 pugmarks and 1 hair) were recorded (6.8 site/km and 11.1 signs/km). There

were 61.1% non-relic and 38.9% relic sites. The density of snow leopards in Phu Valley may be 4-5 snow

leopards/100 kmý.It was found that the Ghyo block had the highest sign density (13.6 mean sign item/km)

and Phu block (9.8 mean sign item/km) and the lowest in Ngoru block (3.9 mean sign item/km.). For blue sheep, direct count method was applied from different appropriate vantage points (fixed-point

count). I counted total individuals in each herd and classified all individuals whenever possible, using 8 X24

binocular and 15-60x spotting scope. A total 37 blue sheep herds and 1209 individuals were observed in

192.25 kmý of the study area (blue sheep density, 6.3 kmý). Average herd size was 32.68. Herd size varied

from 1 to 103 animals (the largest so far recorded). The average sex ratio male to female for the entire survey

area was 0.67. Recruitment rate was 47.13. The ratio of yearlings to adult female was 0.45. In Ghyo block

had total 168 blue sheep (area, 44.08 km2 or 3.8/ km2 i.e. 137.2 kg/ kmý). Blue sheep density in Ngoru block

showed 4.7/km2 (area, 65.47 km2). Highest density of blue sheep among three blocks was recorded in Phu

block, 8.9/km2 (or 320 kg/km2) in its 82.70 km2 area. A standard questionnaire was designed, and interviews conducted for relevant information was collected on

livestock depredation patterns (total household survey). Out of 33 households surveyed, 30 reported that they

had livestock depredation by the snow leopard in 2004. Altogether 58 animals were reportedly lost to snow

leopards (3.1% of the total mortality). Out of the estimated standing available biomass (1, 83,483kg) in the

Phu valley at least 2220 kg or 1.3% of the total livestock biomass was consumed by snow leopards in the

year of our study (2004). It was estimated that in the Phu valley annually 1.8 animals were lost per household

to snow leopards. This means approx. Rs.413560 (US$ 5,908) is lost annually in the valley (US$

179/household/annum). Ghyo block, had the highest animals loss (53.4%), followed by Phu block (36.2%)

and Ngoru block (10.3%) to snow leopards. There is positive correlation among the densities of blue sheep, relative abundance of the snow leopard and

livestock depredation. Blue sheep is the main prey species of the snow leopard in Phu valley and its

conservation therefore matters to reduce livestock depredation. A general patterns appears here that shows

that blue sheep (prey) abundance determine snow leopard (predator) abundance and that livestock

depredation by snow leopards may be minimal where there is good population of blue sheep, and vice versa.		  
  Address  
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  Notes Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program, 2005. Annapurna Conservation Area Project, Pokhara, Nepal. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1078 Serial 959  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author The Snow Leopard Conservancy url 
  Title Visitor Satisfaction and Opportunity Survey, Manang, Nepal: Market Opportunities for Linking Community-Based Ecotourism with the Conservation of Snow Leopards in the Annpurna Conservation Area. Report prepared for WWF-Nepal Programme Type Report
  Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume SLC Field Document Series No 3 Issue Pages (down) 1-18  
  Keywords survey; Manang; Nepal; linking; community-based; ecotourism; conservation; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; area; Report; valley; trekking; Southern; annapurna; Tibet; landscape; mountain; Culture; region; habitat; endangered; High; density; densities; abundance; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; primary; large; prey; prey species; prey-species; species; Himalayan; mountains; tibetan; tibetan plateau; tibetan-plateau; plateau  
  Abstract For the past two decades, the Manang or Nyeshang Valley has become one of the most popular

trekking routes in Nepal, attracting over 15,000 trekkers annually (Ale, 2001). The 21-day

circular trek takes the visitor from the lush southern slopes of the Annapurna massif around to

its dry northern slopes more reminiscent of Tibet, through a landscape of spectacular mountain

scenes, interesting villages and diverse cultures. The Manang region also offers prime habitat

for the endangered snow leopard, supporting an estimated 4.8 – 6.7 snow leopards per 100 sq.

km (Oli 1992). This high density has been attributed to the abundance of blue sheep, the snow

leopard's primary large prey species across the Himalayan Mountains and Tibetan Plateau.		  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1021 Serial 961  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author The Snow Leopard Conservancy url 
  Title A Survey of Kathmandu-based Trekking Agencies: Market Opportunities for Linking Community-Based Ecotourism with the Conservation of Snow Leopard in the Annapurna Conservation Area. Report prepared for WWF-Nepal Programme Type Report
  Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume SLC Field Series Document No. 4 Issue Pages (down) 1-22  
  Keywords survey; trekking; linking; community-based; ecotourism; conservation; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; annapurna; annapurna conservation area; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; area; Report; trust; nature; nature conservation; Acap; Snow Leopard Conservancy; project; Manang; local; community; environment; Culture; population; number; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; endangered; cat; prey; Himalaya; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; kill; livestock; killing; herders; herder; conflict; local people; people; wildlife; tourism; incentive; protect; predator; conserve; alpine; habitat  
  Abstract In 2001 the King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation (KMTNC), Annapurna Conservation Area (ACAP), Snow Leopard Conservancy (SLC) and WWF-Nepal initiated a collaborative project aimed at enhancing ecotourism in the Manang area, in ways that strengthen benefits to local communities while also protecting the environment and the local culture. Manang is known for its relatively dense snow leopard population, along with supporting good numbers of blue sheep, the endangered cat's principal prey through much of the Himalaya. However, snow leopards periodically kill many livestock, leading to retributive killing by herders along with other associated people-wildlife conflict. In order to encourage the local people to better co-exist with snow leopards and other wildlife, SLC, WWF-Nepal and ACAP agreed to explore ways of providing tourism benefits to local communities as an incentive to protect this rare predator and conserve its alpine habitat. Key in this regard is the possibility of developing locally guided nature treks, and accordingly, this survey was conducted in order to assess existing market opportunities and constraints to such ecotourism enterprise.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Los Gatos, California Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1022 Serial 962  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author ud Din, J. url 
  Title Assessing the Status of Snow Leopard in Torkhow Valley, District Chitral, Pakistan: Final Technical Report Type Report
  Year 2008 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (down) 1-16  
  Keywords status; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; valley; chitral; Pakistan; Report; study; prey; Base; conflict; threats; threat; wildlife; sign; transect; surveys; survey; Slims; Data; number; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; Animals; Animal; population; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; area; Case; ungulates; ungulate; Himalayan; himalayan ibex; ibex; rut; using; prey species; prey-species; species; marmot; game; birds; carnivores; carnivore; wolf; wolves; jackal; fox; survival; retaliatory; retaliatory killing; retaliatory-killing; killing; poisoning; poaching; loss; habitat; habitat degradation; habitat-degradation; degradation; grazing; collection; awareness; Gis; map; staff; field; training; conservation; community; distribution; resource; project; network; program  
  Abstract This study was aimed at assessing the status of Snow leopard, its major prey base, and the extent of human-Snow leopard conflict and major threats to the wildlife in north Chitral (Torkhow valley) Pakistan. Snow leopard occurrence was conformed through sign transect surveys i.e. SLIMS. Based on the data collected the number of Snow leopards in this survey block (1022 Kmý) is estimated to be 2-3 animals. Comparing this estimate with the available data from other parts of the district the population of snow leopard in Chitral district was count to be 36 animals. Livestock depredation reports collected from the area reflect the existence of human-snow leopard conflict and 138 cases were recorded affecting 102 families (in a period of eight years, 2001-2008). Ungulates (Himalayan Ibex) rut season surveys were conducted in coordination with NWFP Wildlife department. A total of 429 animals were counted using direct count (point method) surveys. Other snow leopard prey species recorded include marmot, hare, and game birds. Signs of other carnivores i.e. wolf, jackal, and fox were also noticed. Major threats to the survival of wildlife especially snow leopard reckoned include retaliatory killing (Shooting, Poisoning), poaching, loss of natural prey, habitat degradation (over grazing, fodder and fuel wood collection), lack of awareness, and over population. GIS map of the study area was developed highlighting the area searched for Snow leopard and its prey species. Capacity of the Wildlife Department staff was built in conducting SLIMS and ungulate surveys through class room and on field training. Awareness regarding the importance of wildlife conservation was highlighted to the students, teachers and general community through lectures and distribution of resource materials developed by WWF-Pakistan.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1065 Serial 978  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Zahler, P.; Graham, P. url 
  Title War and wildlife: the Afghanistan conflict and its effects on the environment Type Report
  Year 2001 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (down) 1-10  
  Keywords war; wildlife; Afghanistan; conflict; effects; environment; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trust; Islt; environmental; Organization; conservation; endangered; mountain; mountain ecosystem; mountain-ecosystem; ecosystem; approach; local; local people; people; Media; government; public; Report  
  Abstract The International Snow Leopard Trust (ISLT) is a nonprofit environmental organization dedicated to the conservation of the endangered snow leopard and its mountain ecosystem through a balanced approach that considers the needs of the local people and the environment. As such, we wish to stress that the ISLT does not have a position regarding the present conflict in Afghanistan. However, this organization believes that there are important repercussions regarding this conflict that have yet to be addressed in the media, within government circles, or among the public. This report documents some of these repercussions so that they may be included in the present dialog.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Seattle Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISLT special report. Peter Zahler from Wildlife Conservation Society & Peter Graham from ISLT. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 975 Serial 1067  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author McCarthy, T. url 
  Title Re: Snow leopard conservation plan for Mongolia Type Report
  Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (down) 1-18  
  Keywords snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; snow-leopard-conservation-plan; leopard; conservation; conservation plan; plan; Mongolia; Report; Wwf  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Consultant's report to WWF Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 973 Serial 660  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Kreuzberg-Mukhina, E.; Esipov A.V.; Bykova, E.A.; Vashetko, E.V.; Aromov, B. url 
  Title Development of the national Action Plan for the conservation of Snow Leopard in Uzbekistan. Report: 1-51 Type Report
  Year 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 1-51 Issue Pages (down) 1-52  
  Keywords development; national; action; plan; conservation; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; Uzbekistan; Report; Chatkal nature reserve; nature; reserve; Hissar nature reserve; Islt; project; strategy; biology; status; factor; conservation measures; conservation measure  
  Abstract This document is the final report on the ISLT Project “Development of national Action plan for the conservation of Snow Leopard in Uzbekistan” and a Conservation Strategy for the Snow leopard in Uzbekistan. It includes biology and current status, limiting factors, existing and necessary conservation measures.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Uzbekistan Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Institute of Zoology, Chatkal nature reserve, Hissar nature reserve. Final Report on the ISLT project. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 969 Serial 594  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Khatiwada, J.R.; Chalise, M.K.; Kyes, R. url 
  Title Survey of Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) and Blue Sheep (Pseudois nayaur) populations in the Kangchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), Nepal. Final report Type Report
  Year 2007 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (down) 1-13  
  Keywords survey; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; Pseudois; pseudois nayaur; Pseudois-nayaur; nayaur; populations; population; conservation; area; Nepal; Report; study; information; management; system; Slims; relative abundance; abundance; transects; transect; length; sign; scrapes; scrape; 20; feces; scent; pugmarks; hairs; Hair; using; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; patterns; herders; herder; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; Animals; Animal  
  Abstract This study was carried out in the Kangchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), Eastern Nepal from Feb – Nov 2007. We used the Snow Leopard Information Management System, SLIMS (second order survey technique) to determine the relative abundance of snow leopard in the upper part of KCA. Altogether, 36 transects (total length of 15.21 km) were laid down in the major three blocks of KCA. 104 Signs (77 scrapes, 20 feces, 2 Scent mark, 3 Pugmarks and 2 hairs) were recorded. Fixed-point count method was applied for blue sheep from appropriate vantage points. We counted total individual in each herd using 8x42 binocular and 15-60x spotting scope. A total of 43 herds and 1102 individuals were observed in the area. The standard SLIMS questionnaire was conducted to find out relevant information on livestock depredation patterns. Out of 35 households surveyed in KCA, 48% of herders lost livestock due to snow leopards. A total of 21 animals were reportedly lost due to snow leopards from August to September 2007.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1070 Serial 533  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Khan, A. url 
  Title Snow Leopard Occurrence in Mankial Valley, Swat: Final report Type Report
  Year 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (down) 1-17  
  Keywords snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; valley; Report; project; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; ecosystem; habitat; species; plants; plant; Animals; Animal; birds; research; action; study; survey; Support; Islt; community; Organization; surveys; winter; information; local; sign; pugmarks; feces; scrapes; scrape; prey; prey species; prey-species; recent; population; markhor; hunting; Culture; Pressure; areas; area; feeding; livestock; burning; decline  
  Abstract Mankial is a sub-valley of the Swat Kohistan. Temperate ecosystem of the valley is intact to a greater extent, which provides habitat to a variety of species of plants, animals and birds. Snow leopard is reported from the valley. To confirm its occurrence, the HUJRA (Holistic Understanding for Justified Research and Action), conducted the study titled “Snow Leopard Survey in Mankial Valley, district Swat, NWFP”. The author provided technical support, while ISLT (The International Snow Leopard Trust) funded the project under its small grants program. The World Wide Fund for Nature-Pakistan (WWF-Pakistan) and the Mankial Community Organization (MCO) facilitated surveys under the project. Surveys revealed that Snow leopard visits parts of the Mankial valley in winter months. Information from the local community shows that Snow leopard remains in the Serai (an off-shoot of the Mankial Valley) from early winter to early spring. Intensive surveys of the prime snow leopard winter habitat in the valley found several snow leopard signs including pugmarks, feces, and scrapes. The study also found occurrence of prey species through indirect evidence though. However, information from the local community confirmed that in the recent past there was a good population of markhor in the valley, which is now reduced to less than 50, mostly due to hunting and habitat disturbance. Hunting is part of the local culture and lifestyle. During winter months hunting pressure is low, as most of the local community migrates to warmer plain areas than Mankial Valley. However, those who live in the area lop oak branches for feeding their livestock and cut trees for burning, in addition to hunting prey species of snow leopard. This has resulted in stunted oak vegetation in most of the lower reaches of the valley and decline of the markhor population.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program, 2003. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1069 Serial 530  
Permanent link to this record
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