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Author Wolf, M.; Ale, S. url 
  Title Signs at the Top: Habitat Features Influencing Snow Leopard Uncia Uncia Activity in Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Journal of Mammalogy Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages (down) 604-611  
  Keywords activity patterns,human activity,Nepal,predator-prey,sign data,Uncia uncia  
  Abstract We used logistic regression to examine factors that affected the spatial distribution of sign (scrapes, feces, footprints, spray or scent marks, and rubbing sites) in a newly reestablished population of snow leopards (Uncia uncia) in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park, Nepal. Our results indicate that terrain and human activity were the most important factors determining the spatial distribution of leopard activity, whereas presence of their major prey species (Himalayan tahr [Hemitragus jemlahicus]) had only a moderate effect. This suggests that localities at which these animals are active represent a trade-off between suitable habitat and avoidance of potential risk from anthropogenic origins. However, the influence of prey presence was likely underestimated because of the methodology used, and likely weighed in the trade-off as well.  
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  Notes Department of Biological Sciences (M/C 066), University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, 3352 SES, Chicago, IL 60607-7060, USA Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1026 Serial 1027  
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Author Lovari, S., Boesi, R., Minder, I., Mucci, N., Randi, E., Dematteis, A., and Ale, S. B. url 
  Title Restoring a keystone predator may endanger a prey species in a human-altered ecosystem: the return of the snow leopard to Sagarmatha National Park Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Animal Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 12 Issue Pages (down) 559-570  
  Keywords conservation, food habits, genetics, Hemitragus jemlahicus, Himalayan tahr, management, microsatellite, predation, presence, scat, scat analysis, snow leopard, Uncia uncia  
  Abstract Twenty-five years ago, the snow leopard Uncia uncia, an endangered large cat, was eliminated from what is now Sagarmatha National Park (SNP). Heavy hunting pressure depleted that area of most medium-large mammals, before it became a park. After three decades of protection, the cessation of hunting and the recovery of wild ungulate populations, snow leopards have recently returned (four individuals). We have documented the effects of the return of the snow leopard on the population of its main wild prey, the Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus, a 'near-threatened' caprin. Signs of snow leopard presence were recorded and scats were collected along a fixed trail (130 km) to assess the presence and food habits of the snow leopard in the Park, from 2004 to 2006. Himalayan tahr, the staple of the diet, had a relative occurrence of 48% in summer and 37% in autumn, compared with the next most frequent prey, musk deer Moschus chrysogaster (summer: 20%; autumn: 15%) and cattle (summer: 15%; autumn: 27%). In early summer, the birth rate of tahr (young-to-female ratio: 0.8-0.9) was high. The decrease of this ratio to 0.1-0.2 in autumn implied that summer predation concentrated on young tahr, eventually altering the population by removing the kid cohort. Small populations of wild Caprinae, for example the Himalayan tahr population in SNP, are sensitive to stochastic predation events and may be led to almost local extinction. If predation on livestock keeps growing, together with the decrease of Himalayan tahr, retaliatory killing of snow leopards by local people may be expected, and the snow leopard could again be at risk of local extinction. Restoration of biodiversity through the return of a large predator has to be monitored carefully, especially in areas affected by humans, where the lack of important environmental components, for example key prey species, may make the return of a predator a challenging event.  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1122  
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Author Stidworthy, M.F.; Lewis, J.C.M.; Penderis, J.; Palmer, A.C. url 
  Title Progressive encephalomyelopathy and cerebellar degeneration in a captive-bred snow leopard (Uncia uncia) Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2009 Publication The Veterinary Record Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 162 Issue Pages (down) 522-524  
  Keywords captive; snow leopard; Uncia uncia  
  Abstract PROGRESSIVE encephalomyelopathy with cerebellar degeneration has been described in captive cheetahs (Palmer and others 2001) and in young domestic cats (Palmer and Cavanagh 1995). This case report describes the clinical and histopathological findings in a very similar condition affecting a young snow leopard (Uncia uncia) that had been born in a zoological park in eastern England as part of the globally coordinated breeding programme for this critically endangered species.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 922 Serial 937  
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Author Ale, S.B., Brown, J.S. url 
  Title Prey behavior leads to predator: a case study of the Himalayan tahr and the snow leopard in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Israel Journal of Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages (down) 315-327  
  Keywords vigilance, fear, behavioral indicator, predator, prey, snow leopard, Himalayan tahr, Mount Everest  
  Abstract Rare, elusive predators offer few sightings, hindering research with small sample sizes and lack of experimentation. While predators may be elusive, their prey are more readily observed. Prey respond to the presence of a predator, and these fear responses may have population- and community-level consequences. Anti-predator behaviors, such as vigilance, allow us to sidestep the difficulty of direct field studies of large predators by studying them indirectly. Here we used a behavioral indicator, the vigilance behavior of the Himalayan tahr, the snow leopard’s main local prey, to reveal the distribution and habitat use of snow leopards in the Mt. Everest region of Nepal. We combined techniques of conventional field biology with concepts of foraging theory to study prey behavior in order to obtain insights into the predator’s ecology. The Himalayan tahr’s vigilance behavior correlates with the distribution of snow leopard signs. Tahr actually led us to six sightings of snow leopards. We conclude that behavioral indicators provided by prey offer a valuable tool for studying and monitoring stealthy and rare carnivores.  
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  Publisher Science from Israel, a division of LPPLtd. Place of Publication Israel Editor  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1109  
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Author Subbotin, A.E.; Istomov, S.V. url 
  Title The population status of snow leopards Uncia uncia (Felidae, Carnivora) in the western Sayan Mountain Ridge Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Doklady Biologicl Sciences Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 425 Issue Pages (down) 183-186  
  Keywords population; status; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; Felidae; Carnivora; Sayan; mountain; Russian; Test; species; cat; Russia; area; range; Data; study; activity; activities; behavior; habitats; habitat; humans; Human; number; description; Animal; structure  
  Abstract The snow leopard (Uncia uncial Schreber, 1776) is the most poorly studied species of the cat family in the world and, in particular, in Russia, where the northern periphery of the species area (no more than 3% of it) is located in the Altai-Hangai-Sayan range [1]. It is generally known that the existing data on the Russian part of the snow leopard population have never been a result of targeted studies; at best, they have been based on recording the traces of the snow leopard vital activity [2]. This is explained by the snow leopard's elusive behavior, inaccessibility of its habitats for humans, and its naturally small total numbers in the entire species area. All published data on the population status of the snow leopard in Russia, from the first descriptions of the species [3-6] to the latest studies [7, 8] are subjective, often speculative, and are not confirmed by

quantitative estimates. It is obvious, however, that every accurate observation of this animal is of particular interest [9]. The purpose of our study was to determine the structure and size of the population group presumably inhabiting the Western Sayan mountain ridge at the northern boundary of the species area
 
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  Publisher Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Place of Publication Editor  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0012-4966 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Original Russian test published in Doklady Akademii Nauk, Vol. 425, No.6, pp.846-849. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1005 Serial 941  
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Author Shi, K.; Jun, Z.F.S.; Zhigang, D.; Riordan, P.; MacDonald, D. url 
  Title Reconfirmation of snow leopards in Taxkurgan Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages (down) 169-170  
  Keywords administration; Beijing; China; conservation; global; habitat; management; nature; presence; province; range; research; reserve; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; species; uncia; wildlife; Xinjiang  
  Abstract China may hold a greater proportion of the global snow leopard Panthera uncia population than any other country, with the area of good quality suitable habitat, estimated at nearly 300,000 km2, comprising .50% of that available across the species' entire range. We can now reconfirm the presence of snow leopard in the Taxkurgan area of Xinjiang Province in north-west China after a period of 20 years.  
  Address  
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  Publisher Fauna & Flora International Place of Publication United Kingdom Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes SHI KUN Institute of Wildlife Conservation and Management, Beijing Forestry University, China ZHU FUDE SHI JUN and DAI ZHIGANG Xinjiang Forestry Administration, China PHILIP RIORDAN and DAVID MACDONALD Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon, OX13 5QL, UK. E-mail philip.riordan@zoo.ox.ac.uk Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1056 Serial 884  
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Author Zhatkanbayev, A., Dosov, N. url 
  Title Natural death of a snow leopard close to Almaty megapolis Type Conference Article
  Year 2009 Publication Teriofauna of Qazaqstan and neighboring countries (the materials of international science conference “The problems of research, conservation and sustainable use for teriofauna of Qazastan and neighboring countries” Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (down) 168-170  
  Keywords Kazakhstan, snow leopard, Almaty  
  Abstract About natural dead case of Snow leopard close to Almaty megapolis.

Published in special edition as named “Teriofauna of Qazaqstan and neighboring countries (the materials of international science conference ”The problems of research, conservation and sustainable use for teriofauna of Qazastan and neighboring countries“, November, 15-16, 2009, Almaty)” under supervision of the Institute of Zoology, Center of Biological Research, Committee of Science, Ministry of Education and Science, The Republic of Qazaqstan.
 
  Address  
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  Publisher Place of Publication Kazakhstan Editor  
  Language Russian Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1129  
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Author Tytar, V.; Hammer, M. url 
  Title Expedition report: Mountain ghosts: snow leopards and other animals in the mountains of the Altai Republic, Central Asia Type Report
  Year 2009 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (down) 86  
  Keywords Altai  
  Abstract This study was part of an expedition to the Altai mountains in the Kosh Agach region of the Altai Republic, run by Biosphere Expeditions from 30 June to 23 August 2008. The aim was to continue a survey of snow leopard (Uncia uncia) in this area, as well as surveying the snow leopard's primary prey species, argali (Ovis ammon) and Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica), together with secondary prey species.

Using the Snow Leopard Information Management System (SLIMS) developed by the International Snow Leopard Trust (ISLT), presence/absence surveys (SLIMS form 1) of snow leopard and prey species were conducted throughout the study period across the entire survey area (approximately 200 square kilometers). In 2007 surveys were extended to areas away from the Tapduair massif site to the valley and surrounding ridges of Irbistu Mountain, Tara Valley and Karaghem Mountain Pass. Interviews with local, semi-nomadic herders also formed an important part of the research procedure. The expedition also collected data for extended mammal, bird and plant inventories.

The fluctuations in numbers of the primary prey species observed recently could make it very likely that food availability is not in favour of the snow leopard in the study area. In addition human disturbance is considered to be a severe threat. This is supported by the fact that in 2006 there were no records of snow leopard sign in the core area, in 2007 only a few were found, and in 2008 no records whatever. Nevertheless, the study area still retains its importance as a habitat for snow leopard and as a corridor for snow leopard dispersal. The survey area urgently needs protection, but involving the local community and raising public awareness is vital if conservation initiatives are to succeed. Today work on establishing four additional nature parks in the Republic of Tuva and the Sailugem Nature Reserve in the Republic of Altai that will protect the biggest Russian population of the snow leopard is in progress.
 
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  Publisher Biosphere Expeditions Place of Publication Editor  
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  Notes Expedition dates: 30 June – 23 August 2008 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1144  
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Author Tuyatsatsral, T.; Ganbold, B.; Ganbat, O.; Enkhee, C.; Nyambat, N. url 
  Title Buy Sheep Program and Environmental Planning of Herder Communities Assessment Report Type Report
  Year 2009 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (down) 77  
  Keywords Mongolia, herder, livestock, compensation, insurance  
  Abstract Apparently with the decrease of number of globally endangered snow leopard due to reduction of prey species and loss of habitat, new approaches have been initiated to mitigate conflicts between herders and wildlife, ensuring local participation and building up stakeholders’ responsibility in nature conservation through supporting and guiding of local communities in participation and implementation of collaborative management in sustainable natural resource use. Actually, herder communities, aimed to protect the nature become one of that approaches and made it common consideration, especially in the buffer zones of the Turgen mountain SPA, Tsagaanshuvuut SPA and Gulzat local protected areas of Uvs aimag, where WWF MPO, UNDP and MNET are performing projects, such as “Community based conservation of biodiversity in the mountain landscapes of the Mongolia’s Altai Sayan ecoregion”. Since 2007, in Uvs aimag, particularly in Khaliunbulag bag of Khovd soum, WWF MPO initiated the compensation scheme for herders, aimed to mitigate conflicts between herders and snow leopard, reducing their loss caused by snow leopard and to support them mentally as well.

Current assessment focused on performance evaluation of “Buy sheep” program in Khaliunbulag bag and capability of herder communities , that are established around protected areas, in developing their yearly environmental workplan, including its implementation process.
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author WWF Mongolia Thesis  
  Publisher WWF Mongolia Place of Publication Mongolia Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Report is also available in Mongolian in this bibliography Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1096  
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Author Trivedi, P. url 
  Title Project Snow Leopard: Participatory conservation model for the Indian Himalaya Type Magazine Article
  Year 2009 Publication Mountain Forum Bulletin Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Ix Issue 2 Pages (down) 52-54  
  Keywords assessment; biodiversity; biodiversity assessment; conservation; global; Himalaya; Icimod; indian; links; mountain; network; participatory; project; Project-snow-leopard; project snow leopard; projects; research; resource; snow-leopard; snow leopard; Support  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Mountain Forum Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1815-2139 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes More details at: www.conservation.in or www.ncf-india.org and www.wii.gov.in Newsletter published biannually by Mountain Forum: www.mtnforum.org. Editorial Team: Marianne Heredge, Ujol Sherchan, Frans Neuman, Laura Keenan, Sunita Chaudhary, Suman Jaiswal. This newlstter edition is a joint product of the Mountain Forum, GMBA and MRI with support from ICIMOD, and brings together contributions from the three networks and partners. It also has a section on links to interesting organisations, resources and projects on Mountain Biodiversity. Published by the Mountain Forum Secretariat in collaboration with the respective Nodes in Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Latin America and North America and with the assistance of the Mountain Research Initiative (MRI) and the Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment (GMBA). Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1054 Serial 969  
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