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	Author	Johnston, L.A.; Donoghue, A.M.; O'Brien, S.J.; Wildt, D.E.
	Title	Rescue and maturation in vitro of follicular oocytes collected from nondomestic felid species			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Biol Reprod	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	45	Issue	6	Pages	898-906
	Keywords	Animal; Carnivora; anatomy; histology; physiology; Cells; Cultured; Female; Fertilization; Vitro; inVitro; Male; Oocytes; cytology; growth; development; ovarian; Follicle; Spermatozoa; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; U.S.Gov't; P.H.S.; browse; non; us; gov't; government; 230
	Abstract	The potential for rescuing immature oocytes from the ovaries of females of rare felid species which die or undergo medical ovariohysterectomy was evaluated. Ovaries were recovered from 13 species representing 35 individuals in good-to-poor health. Although the majority of females were 10 yr of age or older and in fair-to-poor health, a total of 846 oocytes were recovered of which 608 (71.9%) were classified as fair-to- excellent quality. One hundred of these oocytes were used for initial maturation classification and as parthogenetic controls. Overall, of the 508 fair-to-excellent quality oocytes placed in culture, 164 (32.3%) matured to metaphase II in vitro. For species in which 3 or more individuals yielded oocytes, mean oocyte maturation rates were as follows: 36.2%, tiger; 27.9% leopard; and 8.3%, cheetah. In vitro insemination of oocytes resulted in fertilization (2 polar bodies, 2 pronuclei, or cleavage) rates of 9.1% to 28.6% (leopard) using homologous fresh spermatozoa and 4.0% (lion) to 40.0% (puma) using homologous frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Inseminations using heterologous (domestic cat) spermatozoa also resulted in fertilized oocytes in the tiger, leopard, snow leopard, puma, serval, and Geoffroy's cat (range in fertilization rate, 5.0% for leopard to 46.2% for puma). Cleaved embryos resulted from the insemination of leopard oocytes with homologous sperm (n = 1 embryo) and puma oocytes with domestic cat sperm (n = 3 embryos). These results demonstrate that immature ovarian oocytes from rare felid species can be stimulated to mature in vitro despite an excision-to-culture interval as long as 36 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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	ISSN	0006-3363	ISBN		Medium
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	Notes	Document Type: eng			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 172			Serial	503
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	Author	Prasad, S.N.; Chundawat, R.S.; Hunter, D.O.; Panwar, H.S.; Rawat, G.S.
	Title	Remote sensing snow leopard habitat in the trans-Himalaya of India using spatial models and satellite imagery preliminary results			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1991	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	519-523
	Keywords	snow-leopard; Gis; cartographic-modelling; India; Ladakh; Zanskar; predation; habitat; prey; predator; blue-sheep; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; cartographic modelling; cartographic; modelling; 810
	Abstract	The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is a flagship species for conservation in the high mountain regions of central Asia. Data on snow leopard predation, habitat conditions and range of main prey species were gathered along with thematic maps of the study area for elevation, snow cover, sighting data, kill data, blue sheep use areas, and vegetation data. These data were entered into a GIS and used to help delineate surface features from a satellite image. Preliminary results show that general physiographic features of snow leopard habitat can be detected using satellite imagery and that GIS cartographic modeling techniques can improve this delineation. -from Authors
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor	Buhyoff, G.J.
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	Notes	Title, Monographic: Resource Technology 90. Proc. second international symposium on advanced technology in natural resources management Place of Meeting: Washington, DC			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 176			Serial	792
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	Author	Fox, J.L.; Sinha, S.P.; Chundawat, R.S.; Das, P.K.
	Title	Status of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in Northwest India			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Biological Conservation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	55	Issue	3	Pages	283-298
	Keywords	ibex; leopard; snow-leopard; blue-sheep; Asiatic-ibex; asia; Himalayas; India; Himalaya; Jammu; Kashmir; Ladakh; panthera; uncia; Pseudois; nayaur; Capra-ibex; parks; reserves; conservation; capra ibex; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; pseudois nayaur; capra; Asiatic; 790
	Abstract	Evidence of snow leopard presence was most abundant in C Ladakh, decreased southward toward the crest of the Himalaya, and was least on the S side of the main Himalaya. Prey populations, primarily blue sheep Pseudois nayaur and Asiatic ibex Capra ibex, were also more plentiful in the areas surveyed to the N of the main Himalaya. Perhaps 400 snow leopard occur throughout NW India. The stronghold of this species in India is apparently the trans- Himalayan ranges in Ladakh where new parks and reserves are being established, some in association with a snow leopard recovery programme of the state of Jammu and Kashmir and a 'Project Snow Leopard' of the central Indian government. Because of the generally low density of snow leopard, conservation measures must also be considered within the large areas of its range lying outside parks and reserves. -from Authors
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	Notes	Full text at URLDocument Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 174			Serial	297
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	Author	Fox, J.L.; Nurbu, C.; Chundawat, R.S.
	Title	The Mountain Ungulates of Ladakh India			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Biological Conservation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	58	Issue		Pages	167-190
	Keywords	ungulates; predator; prey; Ladakh; India; browse; 1900
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	Notes	Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 180			Serial	298
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	Author	Mallon, D.P.
	Title	Status and Conservation of Large Mammals in Ladakh			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Biological Conservation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	56	Issue	1	Pages	101-119
	Keywords	Ladakh; India; snow-leopard; wolf; Canis-lupus; ibex; brown-bear; bear; Ursus-arctos; parks; reserves; hunting; herders; livestock; snow leopard; browse; canis; lupis; ursus; arctos; 800
	Abstract	The distribution and status of large mammals was surveyed in a 15 000 km2 study area in Ladakh, India. Snow leopard Panthera uncia, wolf Canis lupus, ibex Capra ibex and bharal Pseudois nayaur have an almost continuous distribution throughout; Ladakh urial Ovis vignei, Tibetan argali Ovis ammon, wild ass Equus kiang and brown bear Ursus arctos have a limited distribution. Snow leopard prefer lower altitudes and rocky, undisturbed areas. Ibex and bharal occupy similar rocky habitats but their ranges are mostly separate, with a small area of overlap. The Ladakh urial shows signs of recovery from an earlier decline. Natural resources are widely used for fuel, fodder and grazing, but favourable factors include a low human population, low level of hunting and the existence of some uninhabited and undisturbed areas. A comprehensive Protected Area Network has been proposed.
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	Notes	Publisher:ELSEVIER SCI LTD, OXFORD Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 175			Serial	647
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	Author	Zhou, S.
	Title	On “uncia uncia” and “meng ji” in Shan Hai Jin			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1991	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	13	Issue	2	Pages	84-87
	Keywords	Animal; area; areas; China; Chinese; description; environment; fur; habitat; habitats; historical; meng ji; mountain; mountains; native; river; uncia; Uncia-uncia; Uncia uncia
	Abstract	Meng ji is described in Shan Hui Jin (Classic of Mountains and Rivers) as a leopard-like animal adept in hiding with white fur and a patterned forehead. This article makes a comparison between “meng ji” and “uncia uncia” in terms of their shapes, fur colors, natural environments of habitats, habits, characteristics and native areas, and comes to the conclusion that “meng ji” is what we call “uncia uncia” nowadays. The description of “meng ji” in Shan Hui Jin should be the first record of Uncia uncia in the world.
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	Notes	Full text available in ChineseJournal Title: China Historical Materials of Science and Technology			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 869			Serial	1089
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	Author	Schaller, G., Li, H., Lipu, T., Ren, J. Qiu, M.
	Title	Snow Leopards in Xin Jiang, China			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Arid Zone Research	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	74-78
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	Publisher		Place of Publication	China	Editor
	Language	Chinese	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes	George Schaller, Hong Li, Ta Lipu, Junrang Ren, Mingjiang Qiu			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1364
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	Author	Grachev Yu.A.
	Title	Snow leopard Uncia uncia Sch. 1775			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1991	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol. 1. Animals.	Issue		Pages	73-75
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Red Data boo; category of threat; distribution; number; biology; threats; conservation measures.; 6800; Russian
	Abstract	Snow leopard is a rare species with shrinking habitat and decreasing population (category III). It is distributed in Tien Shan (the ridges of Karjantau, Ugam, Talas, Kyrgyz, Zailiyskiy, Kunghey, Terskey, Ketmen), Djungar Alatau, Tarbagatai, Saur, and South Altai. This species has disappeared in the Syrdarya Karatau and the mountains of North Tien Shan. Its total number in Kazakhstan is estimated to be 180-200 animals. The threats are reduction of mountain ungulates and poaching. Snow leopard is protected in the Aksu-Djabagly, Alma-Ata, and Markakol nature reserves and the Alma-Ata, Lepsin, and Tokhta sanctuaries. The Djungar nature reserve needs to be established.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red Data Book of the Kazakh SSR.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 658			Serial	342
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	Author	Fox, J.L.; Nurbu, C.; Chundawat, R.S.
	Title	Tibetian Argali (Ovis ammon hodgsoni)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Mammalia	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	48-51
	Keywords	argali; predator; prey; Tibet; browse; 1910
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 181			Serial	299
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	Author	Munson, L.; Worley, M.B.
	Title	Veno-occlusive disease in snow leopards (Panthera uncia) from zoological parks			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Vet Pathol	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	28	Issue	1	Pages	37-45
	Keywords	Cirrhosis; epidemiology; Hemosiderosis; Hepadnaviridae; Hepatic; Hepatitis; pathology; Veno-Occlusive; veterinary; zoo
	Abstract	Livers from 54 snow leopards, 4 days to 23 years old, that had died in 23 US zoos, were evaluated histopathologically to determine if the hepatic fibrosis, which has been noted to be prevalent in this species, was due to chronic active hepatitis from hepadnaviral infection, Ito cell proliferation, or hemosiderosis. Forty-two of 54 snow leopards had subintimal vascular fibrosis with partial or total occlusion of central and sublobular veins (veno-occlusive disease) of unknown origin. All 21 leopards older than 5 years were affected. Four leopards had chronic active hepatitis, and 12 leopards had cholangiohepatitis; but these lesions were not connected anatomically to central and sublobular venous fibrosis. Hepatocellular and Kupffer cell siderosis and Ito cell proliferation were prevalent and often coexisted with perisinusoidal, central, and sublobular venous fibrosis; but fibrosis was present in leopards without siderosis or Ito cell proliferation. The pattern and prevalence of veno-occlusive disease in these leopards was similar to that reported in captive cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), suggesting that a common extrinsic factor may cause the majority of hepatic disease in these large felid animals in captivity.
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	ISSN	0300-9858	ISBN		Medium
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	Notes	Document Type: eng			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 173			Serial	706
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