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Author | Allen, P.; Macray, D. | ||||
Title | Snow Leopard Enterprises Description and Summarized Business Plan | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | snow; leopard; enterprises; buisness; plan; habitat; humans; conflict; irbis; products; wool; conservation; marketing; Mongolia; social; economic; conflicts; country; countries; socks; hats; gloves; 4890; Human; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; central; Central Asia; asia; ecosystem; region; populations; population; herders; herder; threat; potential; impact; environment; Elements; landscape; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; snow-leopard-enterprises | ||||
Abstract | The habitat for both humans and snow leopards in Central Asia is marginal, the ecosystem fragile. The struggle for humans to survive has often, unfortunately, brought them into conflict with the region's dwindling snow leopard populations. Herders commonly see leopards as a threat to their way of life and well-being. Efforts to improve the living conditions of humans must consider potential impacts on the environment. Likewise, conservation initiatives cannot ignore humans as elements of the landscape with a right to live with dignity and pride. Based on these principles, the International Snow Leopard Trust has developed a new conservation model that addresses the needs of all concerned. We call it Snow Leopard Enterprises.. |
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Seattle | Editor | |
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 475 | Serial | 68 | ||
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Author | Spearing, A. | ||||
Title | The Snow Leopard in Zanskar, Jammu & Kashmir, NW India | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | snow; leopard; India; conflict; Human; livestock; herders; attitudes; opinions; population; trends; poaching; killing; illegal; conservation; programs; rural; co-existence; 5090 | ||||
Abstract | The paper summarises the alleged conflict between livestock herders and wild predators in the trans-Himalayan region of Zanskar, NW India. The snow leopard (Uncia uncia) is seriously threatened by this conflict, with at least thirteen killed in the last seven years in 3 of the study villages alone. Results of snow leopard sign surveys are described, revealing significant increases since the last survey (1986) consistent with alleged increases in livestock depredation. Attitudes toward wildlife and opinions on population trends are assessed. Depredation hotspots are identified and the cost of livestock predation is discussed in terms of recent developments and social changes in the Zanskar region. Illegal hunting and retaliatory killing are described, and essential programs and conservation measures are suggested. Even at this early stage, there appears scope for raising rural incomes and lifting the burden of co-existence with snow leopard and other unique mountain fauna. |
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Islt | Editor | |
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Notes | Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 495 | Serial | 919 | ||
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Author | Alexander, J. S., Agvaantseren, B., Gongor, E., Mijiddorj, T. N., Piaopiao, T., Stephen Redpath, S., Young, J., Mishra, C. | ||||
Title | Assessing the Effectiveness of a Community-based Livestock Insurance Program | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Environmental Management | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | Large carnivores, Snow leopard conservation, Human-wildlife conflicts, Livestock insurance, Community conservation, Human-wildlife co-existence, Snow leopard | ||||
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Call Number | Serial | 1635 | |||
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Author | International Snow Leopard Trust | ||||
Title | Snow Leopard News Spring 2000 | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Snow Leopard News | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | Rutherford; Freeman; Morse; Jackson; Hillard; Natural-Partnerships-Program; Pakistan; Islt; Slims; training; Chitrol-Gol; parks; preserves; reserves; protected-areas; surveys; Hemis; Conflict-Resolution-Workshop; conflict; herders; leh; Jammu; Kashmir; Ladakh; corrals; predator; prey; livestock; depradation; human-wildlife-conflict; Uzbekistan; Gissar; Peace-Corps; Mongolia; Macne; fiction; populations; browse; 4390 | ||||
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Seattle, Wa | Editor | |
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Notes | Full Text at URLTable of Contents1.Transitions at the Trust2.Message From ISLT Founder Helen Freeman and President Charles Morse3.Jakson and Hillard to Leave ISLT for New Pursuits4. News and Notes5. ISLT's Natural Partnerships Program6.Thoughts from a Snow Leopard7. Snow Leopards, Local People,and Livestock losses: Solutions through Paticipation8.U.S. Peace Corps and ISLT Team Up in Mongolia | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 427 | Serial | 930 | ||
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Author | Fox, J.L.; Sinya, S.P.; Chundawat, R.S.; Das, P.K. | ||||
Title | A Survey of Snow Leopard and Associated Species in the Himalaya of Northwestern India, Project Completion Report | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1986 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | Himalaya; India; prey; distribution; Arunachal; Jammu; Himachal-Pradesh; Uttar-Pradesh; Sikkim; hunting; poaching; pelts; livestock; surveys; field-work; herders; herding; parks; preserves; reserves; habiatat; conflict; human-interaction; behaviour; sanctuaries; scrapes; sprays; tracks; browse; 4220 | ||||
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Notes | Full Text Available at URL | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 410 | Serial | 289 | ||
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Author | Hussain, S. | ||||
Title | Nature and Human Nature: Conservation, Values and Snow Leopard | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | snow; leopard; nature; Human; environment; environmental; conservation; conserving; conserve; economic; incentives; cbc; 4940 | ||||
Abstract | The failure of top-down environmental conservation practices gave rise to the so-called `Community Based Conservation' or CBC approach. CBC promises to achieve the dual goals of conserving nature and improving peoples' livelihoods. CBC programs also aim to involve local communities as active partners in conservation efforts, and to use traditional knowledge and local values in management of resources (Adams & Hulme 2001; Agrawal & Gibson 1999). There are variations between different CBC programs; however, the underlying rationale of the approach, common to all programs, is that introducing or changing economic incentives into the conservation calculus of local people will bring about the behavioural change necessary for successful conservation (Kellert et al 2000). Thus, the major emphasis in CBC programs is conserving nature based on its utilitarian value. Since utilitarian value is measured in terms of economics, hence the emphasis of CBCs on economic incentives in promoting conservation. Recent evaluation of the CBC approach has shown that while local people may have benefited in economic terms from the use of nature, no tangible improvements in biodiversity conservation have occurred (Kellert et al 2000; Terborgh 1999). The disappointing performance of CBC programs, which promised so much and yet have failed in practice to deliver, has recently lead to a resurgence of the protectionist approach, calling for a renewed separation between the conservation and human development objectives (Redford & Sanderson 2000; Terborgh 1999; Oats 1999). Others, however, believe that the CBC approach has enormous potential, and that a return to protectionist strategies would be disastrous, like `reinventing the square wheel' (Brechin 2001; Wilhusen 2001). It is crucial that the flaws in the CBC approach are remedied if there is to be any hope of a conservation agenda that does not conflict with the needs, aspirations and interests of local people, and that therefore has a chance of having a long term, sustainable conservation outcome. |
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Islt | Editor | |
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Notes | Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 480 | Serial | 400 | ||
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Author | Filla, M., Lama, R. P., Filla, T., Heurich, M., Balkenhol, N., Waltert, M., Khorozyan, I. | ||||
Title | Patterns of livestock depredation by snow leopards and effects of intervention strategies: lessons from the Nepalese Himalaya | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | Wildlife Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Keywords | Annapurna, co-existence, conservation biology, highland communities, human–wildlife conflict, large carnivore, livestock depredation, Panthera uncia, prey selection, snow leopard. | ||||
Abstract | Context: Large carnivores are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, and their protection is among the main goals of biodiversity conservation. The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) inhabits high-mountain landscapes where livestock depredation drives it into conflicts with local people and poses an obstacle for its conservation. Aims: The aim of this study was to identify the livestock groups most vulnerable to depredation, target them in implementation of practical interventions, and assess the effectiveness of intervention strategies for conflict mitigation. We present a novel attempt to evaluate intervention strategies for particularly vulnerable species, age groups, time, and seasons. Methods: In 2020, we conducted questionnaire surveys in two regions of the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal (Manang, n = 146 respondents and Upper Mustang, n = 183). We applied sample comparison testing, Jacobs’ selectivity index, and generalised linear models (GLMs) to assess rates and spatio-temporal heterogeneity of depredation, reveal vulnerable livestock groups, analyse potential effects of applied intervention strategies, and identify husbandry factors relevant to depredation. Key results: Snow leopard predation was a major cause of livestock mortality in both regions (25.4–39.8%), resulting in an estimated annual loss of 3.2–3.6% of all livestock. The main intervention strategies (e.g. corrals during night-time and herding during daytime) were applied inconsistently and not associated with decreases in reported livestock losses. In contrast, we found some evidence that dogs, deterrents (light, music playing, flapping tape, and dung burning), and the use of multiple interventions were associated with a reduction in reported night-time depredation of yaks. Conclusions and implications: We suggest conducting controlled randomised experiments for quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of dogs, deterrents, and the use of multiple interventions, and widely applying the most effective ones in local communities. This would benefit the long-term co-existence of snow leopards and humans in the Annapurna region and beyond. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1684 | ||
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Author | Gurung, Gand T.K. | ||||
Title | Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) and Human Interaction in Phoo Village in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | phoo; annapurna conservation area; Nepal; livestock; human interaction; conflict management; yaks; goats; sheep; horse; corral; 5280 | ||||
Abstract | Phoo village in the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) in Nepal is located at 4,052 m als physically in the central north of the country. Livestock keeping is the main activity of the people for making a living amidst a conflict with snow leopard (Uncia uncia). Each year snow leopard kills a number of livestock resulting significant economic losses for the poor people living in this remote area. Unless the people – snow leopard conflict is well understood and appropriate conflict management activities are implemented, the long run co-existence between people and snow leopard – especially the existence of snow leopard in this part of the world -will be in question. This has now become an utmost important as the aspiration of the people for economic development has risen significantly and the area has been opened to tourism since spring 2002. In addition to this, the globalisation process has directly and indirectly affected the traditional resource management practices and co-existence strategies of many traditional societies including Phoo. The livestock depredation for 3 years (2001 – 2004) by snow leopard was studied by interviewing the herders to understand the responsible and specific bio-physical and socio-economic factors. The study revealed that goats are most depredated species followed by sheep. Winter months (January – April) and winter pastures are most vulnerable to snow leopard predation. Presence of bushes, forest and boulders make good hides for snow leopard resulting into high depredation. The study also showed that a lax animal guarding system was significantly responsible for high livestock depredation by snow leopard. The study showed that improvement in livestock guarding system should be adopted as the most important activity. However despite the importance of livestock in the economy of Phoo it is still not well understood why the herders neglect for proper livestock guarding. This requires further study. Proper guarding system is required especially in winter season in winter pastures. It is also suggested that there should be changes in the composition of livestock species by promoting more yaks and discouraging or minimising goats. Yaks and large animals are less depredated and small animals like goats and sheep are highly depredated by snow leopard. A trend was also observed in Phoo village where there is an increase in the number of yaks and a decrease in the number of goats over last few years. This could be a management response of the herders to livestock depredation. Other protective measures of the livestock at the corrals have also been recommended including promotion of guard dogs and other measures. Since the area is opened for tourism, it is suggested that the tourism opportunity for the economic development of the area should be grasped so that the heavy dependence on livestock raising would be minimised. This will help minimise the number of human – snow leopard conflicts. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 513 | Serial | 363 | ||
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Author | Henschel, P.; Ray, J. | ||||
Title | Leopards in African Rainforests: Survey and Monitoring Techniques | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | forest leopards; african rainforests; survey; monitoring techniques; lope reserve; gabon; central africa; congo; zaire; field testing; populations; wild meat; relative abundance; density; live-trapping; presence and absense surveys; ad-hoc survey; bushmeat; systematic survey; monitoring; individual identification; tracks; Discriminant Function Analysis; genotyping; scat; Hair; Dna; remote photography; camera trapping; capture rates; Trailmaster; Camtrakker; bait; duikers; pigs; elephant; bongo; okapi; human hunters; 5300 | ||||
Abstract | Monitoring Techniques Forest leopards have never been systematically surveyed in African forests, in spite of their potentially vital ecological role as the sole large mammalian predators in these systems. Because leopards are rarely seen in this habitat, and are difficult to survey using the most common techniques for assessing relative abundances of forest mammals, baseline knowledge of leopard ecology and responses to human disturbance in African forests remain largely unknown. This technical handbook sums up the experience gained during a two-year study of leopards by Philipp Henschel in the Lop‚ Reserve in Gabon, Central Africa, in 2001/2002, supplemented by additional experience from carnivore studies conducted by Justina Ray in southwestern Central African Republic and eastern Congo (Zaire) . The main focus of this effort has been to develop a protocol that can be used by fieldworkers across west and central Africa to estimate leopard densities in various forest types. In developing this manual, Henschel tested several indirect methods to assess leopard numbers in both logged and unlogged forests, with the main effort devoted to testing remote photography survey methods developed for tigers by Karanth (e.g., Karanth 1995, Karanth & Nichols 1998; 2000; 2002), and modifying them for the specific conditions characterizing African forest environments. This handbook summarizes the results of the field testing, and provides recommendations for techniques to assess leopard presence/absence, relative abundance, and densities in African forest sites. We briefly review the suitability of various methods for different study objectives and go into particular detail on remote photography survey methodology, adapting previously developed methods and sampling considerations specifically to the African forest environment. Finally, we briefly discuss how camera trapping may be used as a tool to survey other forest mammals. Developing a survey protocol for African leopards is a necessary first step towards a regional assessment and priority setting exercise targeted at forest leopards, similar to those carried out on large carnivores in Asian and South American forests. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | Wildlife Conservation Society | ||
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 515 | Serial | 382 | ||
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Author | Salvatori, M., Tenan, S., Oberosler, V., Augugliaro, C., Christe, P., Groff, C., Krofel, M., Zimmermann, F., Rovero, F. | ||||
Title | Co-occurrence of snow leopard, wolf and Siberian ibex under livestock encroachment into protected areas across the Mongolian Altai | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Biological Conservatio | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 261 | Issue | 109294 | Pages | 1-14 |
Keywords | Camera-trapping, Panthera uncia, Canis lupus, Capra sibirica, Occupancy, Human-wildlife conflicts, Activity pattern | ||||
Abstract | In countries such as Mongolia, where globalization of the cashmere market has spurred herders to massively increase their livestock numbers, an important conservation concern is the effect of livestock encroachment on wildlife. This is especially important inside protected areas (PAs), which often represent the last refugia for threatened large mammals. We used camera-traps to sample four areas with different protection status across the Mongolian Altai Mountains, and targeted a predator-prey system composed of livestock, one large herbivore, the Siberian ibex, and two large carnivores, the snow leopard and the wolf. To determine the effect of livestock on habitat use by the wild species and their spatio-temporal co-occurrence we applied an occupancy framework explicitly developed for modelling interacting species. We recorded a widespread presence of domestic animals in the PAs, and observed avoidance of sites used by livestock by snow leopard and ibex, while wolves tended to co-occur with it. Snow leopard and ibex showed clear mutual co-occurrence, indicating a tight predator-prey relationship. Results provide evidence that, at the scale of sites sampled primarily to maximise snow leopard detections, grazing livestock interferes with wild species by inducing avoidance in snow leopards, and attraction in wolves. We suggest that (1) PAs management should enforce real grazing limitations on the ground, especially in the core areas of the parks; (2) new policies incorporating wildlife conservation into government subsidies to pastoralists should be envisaged, to prevent increasing displacement of snow leopards and ibex; (3) as wolves co- occurred with livestock, with the potential for human-wildlife conflicts, we encourage the use of a set of prevention techniques to mitigate livestock depredation. | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1659 | ||
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