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Author Anonymous
Title International Specialists Discuss China's Threatened Cats Type Miscellaneous
Year 1992 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up)
Keywords China; Iucn; habitat; predator; prey; livestock; herders; conflict; hunting; poaching; trapping; bones; medicine; trade; development; Slims; Cites; protected-areas; parks; preserves; reserves; refuge; browse; protected; areas; 3990
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text at URL Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 186 Serial 80
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Spearing, A.
Title The Snow Leopard in Zanskar, Jammu & Kashmir, NW India Type Conference Article
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up)
Keywords snow; leopard; India; conflict; Human; livestock; herders; attitudes; opinions; population; trends; poaching; killing; illegal; conservation; programs; rural; co-existence; 5090
Abstract The paper summarises the alleged conflict between livestock herders and wild predators in the trans-Himalayan region of Zanskar, NW India. The snow leopard (Uncia uncia) is seriously threatened by this conflict, with at least thirteen killed in the last seven years in 3 of the study villages alone. Results of snow leopard sign surveys are described, revealing significant increases since the last survey (1986) consistent with alleged increases in livestock depredation. Attitudes toward wildlife and opinions on population trends are assessed. Depredation hotspots are identified and the cost of livestock predation is

discussed in terms of recent developments and social changes in the Zanskar region.

Illegal hunting and retaliatory killing are described, and essential programs and

conservation measures are suggested. Even at this early stage, there appears scope for raising rural incomes and lifting the burden of co-existence with snow leopard and other unique mountain fauna.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Islt Place of Publication Islt Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 495 Serial 919
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author International Snow Leopard Trust
Title Snow Leopard News Spring 2000 Type Miscellaneous
Year 2000 Publication Snow Leopard News Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up)
Keywords Rutherford; Freeman; Morse; Jackson; Hillard; Natural-Partnerships-Program; Pakistan; Islt; Slims; training; Chitrol-Gol; parks; preserves; reserves; protected-areas; surveys; Hemis; Conflict-Resolution-Workshop; conflict; herders; leh; Jammu; Kashmir; Ladakh; corrals; predator; prey; livestock; depradation; human-wildlife-conflict; Uzbekistan; Gissar; Peace-Corps; Mongolia; Macne; fiction; populations; browse; 4390
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle, Wa Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URLTable of Contents1.Transitions at the Trust2.Message From ISLT Founder Helen Freeman and President Charles Morse3.Jakson and Hillard to Leave ISLT for New Pursuits4. News and Notes5. ISLT's Natural Partnerships Program6.Thoughts from a Snow Leopard7. Snow Leopards, Local People,and Livestock losses: Solutions through Paticipation8.U.S. Peace Corps and ISLT Team Up in Mongolia Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 427 Serial 930
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Alexander, J. S., Agvaantseren, B., Gongor, E., Mijiddorj, T. N., Piaopiao, T., Stephen Redpath, S., Young, J., Mishra, C.
Title Assessing the Effectiveness of a Community-based Livestock Insurance Program Type Journal Article
Year 2021 Publication Environmental Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up)
Keywords Large carnivores, Snow leopard conservation, Human-wildlife conflicts, Livestock insurance, Community conservation, Human-wildlife co-existence, Snow leopard
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1635
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author McCarthy, T.
Title Snow Leopards in Mongolia Type Miscellaneous
Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up)
Keywords Mongolia; distribution; status; irbis; irbis-enterprises; herders; livestock; economy; conservation; gobi; habitat; Disease; depredation; conflict; predator; prey; hunting; poaching; skins; pelts; coats; furs; bones; trade; Macne; habitat-fragmentation; browse; enterprises; fragmentation; habitat fragmentation; 4090
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URL Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 383 Serial 662
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author McCarthy, T.
Title Snow Leopard Conservation Comes of Age Type Miscellaneous
Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up)
Keywords Mongolia; snow-leopard-conservation-plan; slcp; conservation; knitting-for-snow-leopards; education; herders; conflict; livestock; prey; David-Shepard-Conservation-Foundation; WWF-Mongolia; browse; snow; leopard; plan; knitting; foundation; Dscf; Wwf; 3860
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URL Published in Cat News, 2000 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 382 Serial 661
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author McCarthy, T.
Title Snow Leopard Conservation Plan for the Republic of Mongolia Type Miscellaneous
Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up)
Keywords Mongolia; conservation; legal-status; Iunc; Cites; distribution; status; Altay; gobi; parks; preserves; habitat; reserves; refuge; protected-area; poaching; hunting; trade; furs; pelts; skins; coats; bones; trapping; livestock; herders; killing; habitat-fragmentation; threats; Disease; prey; diet; Mne; laws; education; management; Macne; Wwf; Islt; regulations; monitoring; Slims; tourism; conflict; browse; legal status; legal; protected; area; fragmentation; world wildlife fund; international snow leopard trust; 3890
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text Available at URL: DRAFT Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 366 Serial 657
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Jackson, R.; Wangchuk, R.; Hillard, D.
Title Grassroots Measures to Protect the Endangered Snow Leopard from Herder Retribution: Lessons Learned from Predator-Proofing Corrals in Ladahh Type Conference Article
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up)
Keywords snow; leopard; livestock; depredation; herder; conflict; Ladakh; predator; protection; predation; protected; uncia; 4960
Abstract Livestock depredation is an increasingly contentious issue across the range of the

endangered snow leopard (Uncia uncia). Depredation is most severe in or near protected areas

offering core habitat for this cat. “Surplus killing,” in which as many as 100 sheep and goats have

been killed in a single night, inevitably results in attempts at retaliatory killing of predators by

herders suffering significant loss. Ironically, such predation by snow leopard, wolf, or lynx can be

avoided by adequately predator-proofing nighttime enclosures. Predation on the open range is far

more difficult to address, but may be reduced to acceptable levels through improved day-time

guarding of livestock, educating herders on the importance of protecting the predator's natural prey

base, and by providing economic incentives to help offset unavoidable loss.

This paper describes community-based initiatives being undertaken in India's Hemis National Park

aimed at predator-proofing livestock corrals and encouraging local herders to become more effective

stewards of the snow leopard, its prey and habitat. A highly participatory, 4-step process known as

Appreciative Participatory Planning and Action (APPA) provides the primary mechanism for

assisting communities to develop Action Plans to reduce livestock depredation losses, increase

household incomes, and strengthen environmental stewardship. Herders are informed about the

Snow Leopard Stewardship program and conditions for a successful outcome. The team, comprised

of local people, NGO staff, facilitators and government officials, first identifies the root causes for

depredation (Discovery). Under the next phase, Dreaming, participants envision how their village

might appear if depredation losses were reduced to acceptable levels, household incomes increased,

and snow leopards fully protected. This provides a good basis upon which to collaboratively devise

actions for addressing the community's concerns (Design). Delivery involves implementing actions

under the overall Action Plan, as well as specific measures that can be acted upon immediately. The

community is encouraged to use simple but realistic indicators for monitoring the project's

effectiveness.

In Lessons Learned to Date, we highlight the importance of providing meaningful community

involvement from inception through project implementation and monitoring. The use of APPA

greatly increases ownership, communal empowerment and self-reliance, and local people's

willingness to protect wildlife. The Snow Leopard Conservancy believes that the most effective

conservation actions will be contingent upon (1) establishing direct linkages with biodiversity

protection; (2) ensuring reciprocal co-financing and commensurate responsibility from the

community; (3) encouraging full participation from all stakeholders irrespective of their gender, age

or economic status; and (4) ensuring regular monitoring and evaluation under an agreed-to Action

Plan that sets forth the responsibilities, contributions and obligations of each partner.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Islt Place of Publication Islt Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 482 Serial 468
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Jackson, R.
Title The Snow Leopard Conservancy, Dedicated to demonstrating innovative, grassroots measures that lead local shepherds to become better stewards of the endangered snow leopard, its prey and habitat Type Miscellaneous
Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up)
Keywords livestock-depredation; livestock; herders; conflict; Iucn; enclosures; pens; corrals; trap; poison; hunting; behavior; Ladakh; guard-dogs; Dogs; economics; incentives; compensation; depredation; guard; browse; 4060
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URL Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 377 Serial 465
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Jackson, R.
Title Managing people-wildlife conflict in Tibet's Qomolangma National Nature Preserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up)
Keywords Qomolangma; livestock; Tibet; predator; predation; prey; protected-areas; parks; reserves; conflict; corrals; pens; depredation; livestock-depredation; browse; livestock depredation; protected; area; areas; protected area; protected areas; 4020
Abstract
Address
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URLMay 6, 1999Rodney M. Jackson (Author)Contact and Mailing Address: 18030 Comstock Ave,Sonoma, CA 95476Phone (707) 935-3851; Fax 933-9618; E-mail: rodjackson@mountain.org Author's Title: Senior Program Associate for Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation, The Mountain Institute, Dogwood and Main Streets, Franklin, WV 26807; and Conservation Director, International Snow Leopard Trust, Suite 325, 4649 Sunnyside Ave., North, Seattle, WA 98103 Title: Managing people-wildlife conflict in Tibet's Qomolangma National Nature Preserve Key Words: crop damage, wildlife depredation, conflict resolution, Tibet Subject: Managing conflict in protected areasPresentation Type: Oral paper Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 364 Serial 462
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Jackson, R.
Title Third Slims Workshop held in Mongolia Type Miscellaneous
Year 1995 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume xiii Issue Pages (up)
Keywords Slims; Mongolia; fieldwork; surveys; Project-snow-leopard; Islt; Macne; McCarthy; hunting; conflict; herders; prey; poaching; predation; gobi; browse; 4570
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 445 Serial 455
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Jackson, R.
Title Second SLIMS Workshop Held Type Miscellaneous
Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume xii Issue Pages (up)
Keywords Chitral-Gol; Pakistan; Slims; surveys; research; Project-snow-leopard; teqniques; conflict-resolution; training; browse; 4590
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle, WA Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snowline Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 273 Serial 453
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Jackson, R.
Title SSC Plan for Snow Leopard Type Miscellaneous
Year 1992 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up)
Keywords physiology; status; distribution; description; behavior; reproduction; mating; breeding; vocalization; gestation; biology; habitat; scrapes; sprays; scat; feces; longevity; homerange; home-range; prey; diet; Cites; Iunc; parks; preserves; reserves; refuge; protected-areas; movements; activity; livestock; herders; depredation; conflict; trade; poaching; hunting; research; captivity; management; zoos; Slims; surveys; transects; browse; home range; home; range; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 3920; plan; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard
Abstract
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
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Notes Full Text at URL DRAFT – Revised September 22, 1992 by Rodney Jackson Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 201 Serial 450
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Inayat, S.
Title Role of Women In Conservation of Snow Leopard In Pakistan Type Conference Article
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up)
Keywords snow; leopard; women; womens; conservation; conflict; herders; economic; loss; Pakistan; Female; 4950
Abstract Generally speaking, men and women are the two wheels of the same vehicle. Women's

participation and involvement in the conservation of snow leopards is as indispensable as it is to

any other discipline. Unfortunately, their dual role was not exploited and so the involvement of

women in nature conservation is considered almost inappropriate and not up to the mark.

Mountainous people still live with their centuries old traditions and culture. Although with the

passage of time they are leaning towards modernization, still most of them are associated with

the centuries-old tradition of keeping livestock. These people take their livestock to the pastures

and thus share in the snow leopard's habitat. A large number of livestock grazing in the snow

leopard's habitat attracts this opportunistic animal to attack domestic animals. This is the point

where the conflict between snow leopards and livestock owners starts, with the snow leopard

killed in retaliation. Snow leopard depredation causes economic losses to the herders and

women, being the managers of the house, take the maximum impact. Keeping this fact in view,

a study was undertaken in the two demonstration sites of the snow leopard project in Chitral and

Gilgit. A specific questionnaire was used and information was collected from all the women

herders in the two demo sites. The study revealed that women have positive attitudes toward and

feel love for this precious animal.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Islt Place of Publication Islt Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 481 Serial 404
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Allen, P.; Macray, D.
Title Snow Leopard Enterprises Description and Summarized Business Plan Type Conference Article
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up)
Keywords snow; leopard; enterprises; buisness; plan; habitat; humans; conflict; irbis; products; wool; conservation; marketing; Mongolia; social; economic; conflicts; country; countries; socks; hats; gloves; 4890; Human; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; central; Central Asia; asia; ecosystem; region; populations; population; herders; herder; threat; potential; impact; environment; Elements; landscape; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; snow-leopard-enterprises
Abstract The habitat for both humans and snow leopards in Central Asia is marginal, the ecosystem fragile. The struggle for humans to survive has often, unfortunately, brought them into conflict with the region's dwindling snow leopard populations. Herders commonly see leopards as a threat to their way of life and well-being. Efforts to improve the living conditions of humans must consider potential impacts on the environment. Likewise, conservation initiatives cannot ignore humans as elements of the landscape with a right to live with dignity and pride. Based on these principles, the International Snow Leopard Trust has developed a new conservation model that addresses the needs of all concerned.

We call it Snow Leopard Enterprises..
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 475 Serial 68
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Hussain, S.
Title Shafqat Hussain Research Proposal for Pakistan Type Miscellaneous
Year Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up)
Keywords Pakistan; Iucn; predation; predator; prey; livestock; conflict; herders; surveys; interviews; herding-techniques; browse; herding techniques; herding; techniques; 3900
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URL Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 3 Serial 398
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Hussain, I.
Title Conserving Biodiversity through Institutional Diversity: Concept Paper Type Miscellaneous
Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up)
Keywords Iunc; status; distribution; Baltistan; Pakistan; herders; farmers; conservation; killing; poaching; conflict; livestock; predator; prey; retaliatory-killing; economy; corral; capture; trapping; Project-snow-leopard; ecotourism; tourism; compensation; markhor; trekking; browse; retaliatory; 3910
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URL Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 362 Serial 397
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Anonymous
Title Livestock Predation Control Workshop Type Miscellaneous
Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up)
Keywords Lahul-Spiti; Ladakh; Hemis; parks; reserves; refuge; protected-area; argali; abix; blue-sheep; wolves; distribution; status; population; poaching; hunting; trade; skins; livestock; pelts; coat; fur; bones; medicine; prey-depletion; herders; habitat; habitat-degradation; tourism; Tmi; Islt; predator; prey; conflict; compensation; trekking; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; depletion; degradation; international snow leopard trust; 3940
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URLDate of Meeting: Ladakh (1999 Oct 6- Oct 10 ) Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 359 Serial 86
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Gurung, Gand T.K.
Title Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) and Human Interaction in Phoo Village in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal Type Miscellaneous
Year 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up)
Keywords phoo; annapurna conservation area; Nepal; livestock; human interaction; conflict management; yaks; goats; sheep; horse; corral; 5280
Abstract Phoo village in the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) in Nepal is located at 4,052 m als physically

in the central north of the country. Livestock keeping is the main activity of the people for making a

living amidst a conflict with snow leopard (Uncia uncia). Each year snow leopard kills a number of

livestock resulting significant economic losses for the poor people living in this remote area. Unless

the people – snow leopard conflict is well understood and appropriate conflict management activities

are implemented, the long run co-existence between people and snow leopard – especially the

existence of snow leopard in this part of the world -will be in question. This has now become an

utmost important as the aspiration of the people for economic development has risen significantly and

the area has been opened to tourism since spring 2002. In addition to this, the globalisation process has

directly and indirectly affected the traditional resource management practices and co-existence

strategies of many traditional societies including Phoo.

The livestock depredation for 3 years (2001 – 2004) by snow leopard was studied by interviewing the

herders to understand the responsible and specific bio-physical and socio-economic factors. The study

revealed that goats are most depredated species followed by sheep. Winter months (January – April)

and winter pastures are most vulnerable to snow leopard predation. Presence of bushes, forest and

boulders make good hides for snow leopard resulting into high depredation. The study also showed

that a lax animal guarding system was significantly responsible for high livestock depredation by snow

leopard.

The study showed that improvement in livestock guarding system should be adopted as the most

important activity. However despite the importance of livestock in the economy of Phoo it is still not

well understood why the herders neglect for proper livestock guarding. This requires further study.

Proper guarding system is required especially in winter season in winter pastures. It is also suggested

that there should be changes in the composition of livestock species by promoting more yaks and

discouraging or minimising goats. Yaks and large animals are less depredated and small animals like

goats and sheep are highly depredated by snow leopard. A trend was also observed in Phoo village

where there is an increase in the number of yaks and a decrease in the number of goats over last few

years. This could be a management response of the herders to livestock depredation. Other protective

measures of the livestock at the corrals have also been recommended including promotion of guard

dogs and other measures.

Since the area is opened for tourism, it is suggested that the tourism opportunity for the economic

development of the area should be grasped so that the heavy dependence on livestock raising would be

minimised. This will help minimise the number of human – snow leopard conflicts.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 513 Serial 363
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Din, J. U., Ali, H., Ali, A., Younus, M., Mehmood,, T., Rashid, Y. N., Nawaz, M. A.
Title Pastoralist-predator interaction at the roof of the world: Conflict dynamics and implications for conservation Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication Ecology and Society Abbreviated Journal
Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages (up)
Keywords Afghan Pamir; carnivore; conflict; Pak Pamir; pastoralist; predation; snow leopard; Tajik Pamir; wolf
Abstract Pastoralism and predation are two major concomitantly known facts and matters of concern for conservation biologists worldwide. Pastoralist-predator conflict constitutes a major social-ecological concern in the Pamir mountain range encompassing Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tajikistan, and affects community attitudes and tolerance toward carnivores. Very few studies have been conducted to understand the dynamics of livestock predation by large carnivores like snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and wolves (Canis

lupus), owing to the region&#65533;s remoteness and inaccessibility. This study attempts to assess the intensity of livestock predation (and resulting perceptions) by snow leopards and wolves across the Afghani, Pakistani, and Tajik Pamir range during the period January 2008&#65533;June 2012. The study found that livestock mortality due to disease is the most serious threat to livestock (an average 3.5 animal heads per household per year) and ultimately to the rural economy (an average of US$352 per household per year) as compared to

predation (1.78 animal heads per household per year, US$191) in the three study sites. Overall, 1419 (315 per year) heads of livestock were reportedly killed by snow leopards (47%) and wolves (53%) in the study sites. People with comparatively smaller landholdings and limited earning options, other than livestock rearing, expressed negative attitudes toward both wolves and snow leopards and vice versa. Education was found to be an effective solution to dilute people&#65533;s hatred for predators. Low public tolerance of the wolf and

snow leopard in general explained the magnitude of the threat facing predators in the Pamirs. This will likely continue unless tangible and informed conservation measures like disease control and predation compensation programs are taken among others.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1453
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Fox, J.L.; Sinya, S.P.; Chundawat, R.S.; Das, P.K.
Title A Survey of Snow Leopard and Associated Species in the Himalaya of Northwestern India, Project Completion Report Type Miscellaneous
Year 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up)
Keywords Himalaya; India; prey; distribution; Arunachal; Jammu; Himachal-Pradesh; Uttar-Pradesh; Sikkim; hunting; poaching; pelts; livestock; surveys; field-work; herders; herding; parks; preserves; reserves; habiatat; conflict; human-interaction; behaviour; sanctuaries; scrapes; sprays; tracks; browse; 4220
Abstract
Address
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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Notes Full Text Available at URL Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 410 Serial 289
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Filla, M., Lama, R. P., Filla, T., Heurich, M., Balkenhol, N., Waltert, M., Khorozyan, I.
Title Patterns of livestock depredation by snow leopards and effects of intervention strategies: lessons from the Nepalese Himalaya Type Journal Article
Year 2022 Publication Wildlife Research Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up)
Keywords Annapurna, co-existence, conservation biology, highland communities, human–wildlife conflict, large carnivore, livestock depredation, Panthera uncia, prey selection, snow leopard.
Abstract Context: Large carnivores are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, and their protection is among the main goals of biodiversity conservation. The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) inhabits high-mountain landscapes where livestock depredation drives it into conflicts with local people and poses an obstacle for its conservation.

Aims: The aim of this study was to identify the livestock groups most vulnerable to depredation, target them in implementation of practical interventions, and assess the effectiveness of intervention strategies for conflict mitigation. We present a novel attempt to evaluate intervention strategies for particularly vulnerable species, age groups, time, and seasons.

Methods: In 2020, we conducted questionnaire surveys in two regions of the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal (Manang, n = 146 respondents and Upper Mustang, n = 183). We applied sample comparison testing, Jacobs’ selectivity index, and generalised linear models (GLMs) to assess rates and spatio-temporal heterogeneity of depredation, reveal vulnerable livestock groups, analyse potential effects of applied intervention strategies, and identify husbandry factors relevant to depredation.

Key results: Snow leopard predation was a major cause of livestock mortality in both regions (25.4–39.8%), resulting in an estimated annual loss of 3.2–3.6% of all livestock. The main intervention strategies (e.g. corrals during night-time and herding during daytime) were applied inconsistently and not associated with decreases in reported livestock losses. In contrast, we found some evidence that dogs, deterrents (light, music playing, flapping tape, and dung burning), and the use of multiple interventions were associated with a reduction in reported night-time depredation of yaks.

Conclusions and implications: We suggest conducting controlled randomised experiments for quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of dogs, deterrents, and the use of multiple interventions, and widely applying the most effective ones in local communities. This would benefit the long-term co-existence of snow leopards and humans in the Annapurna region and beyond.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1684
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Maheshwari, A. , Sathyakumar, S.
Title Snow leopard stewardship in mitigating human-wildlife conflict in Hemis National Park, Ladakh, India Type Journal Article
Year 2019 Publication Human Dimensions of Wildlife Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up) 1-5
Keywords Snow leopard; human-wildlife conflict; ecotourism; livelihood; India
Abstract Among large predators, snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and co-predators (e.g., wolves

Canis lupus, lynx Lynx lynx) often cause economic losses, engendering animosity from

local communities in the mountain ecosystem across south and central Asia (Din et al.,

2017; Jackson & Lama, 2016; Maheshwari, Takpa, Kujur, & Shawl, 2010; Schaller, 2012).

These economic losses range from around US $50 to nearly $300 per household,

a significant sum given per capita annual incomes of $250 – $400 (Jackson & Wangchuk,

2004; Mishra, 1997). Recent efforts such as improved livestock husbandry practices

(predator-proof livestock corrals – closed night shelters with covered roof with wiremesh

and a closely fitting iron or wooden door that can be securely locked at night) and

community-based ecotourism (e.g., home stays, guides, porters, pack animals, campsites)

are providing alternative livelihood opportunities and mitigating large carnivores – human

conflict in the snow leopard habitats (Hanson, Schutgens, & Baral, 2018; Jackson, 2015;

Jackson & Lama, 2016; Vannelli, Hampton, Namgail, & Black, 2019). Snow leopard-based

ecotourism provides an opportunity to secure livelihoods and reduce poverty of the

communities living in ecotourism sites across Ladakh (Chandola, 2012; Jackson, 2015).

To understand the role of snow leopard-based ecotourism in uplifting the financial profile

of local communities, mitigating large carnivore – human conflict and eventually changing

attitudes towards large carnivores in Hemis National Park, Ladakh, India, we compared

the estimated financial gains of a snow leopard-based ecotourism to stated livestock

predation losses by snow leopards and wolves.
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1484
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Author Suryawanshi, K. R., Bhatia, S., Bhatnagar, Y. V., Redpath, S., Mishra, C
Title Multiscale Factors Affecting Human Attitudes toward Snow Leopards and Wolves Type Journal Article
Year 2014 Publication Conservation biology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 00 Issue Pages (up) 1-10
Keywords Canis lupus, carnivore, human–wildlife conflicts, Panthera uncia, wildlife acceptance
Abstract The threat posed by large carnivores to livestock and humans makes peaceful coexistence between

them difficult. Effective implementation of conservation laws and policies depends on the attitudes of local

residents toward the target species. There are many known correlates of human attitudes toward carnivores,

but they have only been assessed at the scale of the individual. Because human societies are organized hierarchically, attitudes are presumably influenced by different factors at different scales of social organization, but this scale dependence has not been examined.We used structured interview surveys to quantitatively assess the attitudes of a Buddhist pastoral community toward snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and wolves (Canis lupus).

We interviewed 381 individuals from 24 villages within 6 study sites across the high-elevation Spiti Valley in

the Indian Trans-Himalaya. We gathered information on key explanatory variables that together captured

variation in individual and village-level socioeconomic factors.We used hierarchical linear models to examine how the effect of these factors on human attitudes changed with the scale of analysis from the individual to the community. Factors significant at the individual level were gender, education, and age of the respondent (for wolves and snow leopards), number of income sources in the family (wolves), agricultural production, and large-bodied livestock holdings (snow leopards). At the community level, the significant factors included the number of smaller-bodied herded livestock killed by wolves and mean agricultural production (wolves) and village size and large livestock holdings (snow leopards). Our results show that scaling up from the individual to higher levels of social organization can highlight important factors that influence attitudes of people toward wildlife and toward formal conservation efforts in general. Such scale-specific information can help managers apply conservation measures at appropriate scales. Our results reiterate the need for conflict management programs to be multipronged.
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1417
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Author Khanal, G., Mishra, C., Suryawanshi, K. R.
Title Relative influence of wild prey and livestock abundance on carnivore-caused livestock predation Type Journal Article
Year 2020 Publication Ecology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up) 1-11
Keywords conservation conflict, human carnivore conflict, large mammalian carnivore, livestock depredation, Nepal, Shey Phoksundo National Park, snow leopard
Abstract Conservation conflict over livestock depredation is one of the

key drivers of large mammalian carnivore declines worldwide. Mitigating

this conflict requires strategies informed by reliable knowledge of

factors influencing livestock depredation. Wild prey and livestock

abundance are critical factors influencing the extent of livestock

depredation. We compared whether the extent of livestock predation by

snow leopards Panthera uncia differed in relation to densities of wild

prey, livestock, and snow leopards at two sites in Shey Phoksundo

National Park, Nepal. We used camera trap-based spatially explicit

capture–recapture models to estimate snow leopard density;

double-observer surveys to estimate the density of their main prey

species, the blue sheep Pseudois nayaur; and interview-based household

surveys to estimate livestock population and number of livestock killed

by snow leopards. The proportion of livestock lost per household was

seven times higher in Upper Dolpa, the site which had higher snow

leopard density (2.51 snow leopards per 100 km2) and higher livestock

density (17.21 livestock per km2) compared to Lower Dolpa (1.21 snow

leopards per 100 km2; 4.5 livestock per km2). The wild prey density was

similar across the two sites (1.81 and 1.57 animals per km2 in Upper and

Lower Dolpa, respectively). Our results suggest that livestock

depredation level may largely be determined by the abundances of the

snow leopards and livestock and predation levels on livestock can vary

even at similar levels of wild prey density. In large parts of the snow

leopard range, livestock production is indispensable to local

livelihoods and livestock population is expected to increase to meet the

demand of cashmere. Hence, we recommend that any efforts to increase

livestock populations or conservation initiatives aimed at recovering or

increasing snow leopard population be accompanied by better herding

practices (e.g., predator-proof corrals) to protect livestock from snow

leopard.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1611
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