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Author | Rana, B.S. | ||||
Title | Distinguishing kills of two large mammalian predators in Spiti Valley Himachal Pradesh | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | J.Bombay Nat.Hist.Soc | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 94 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 553 |
Keywords | behavior; endangered; threatened species; foods; feeding; mammals; predation; wildlife; livestock relationships; snow leopard; Tibetan wolf; prey; livestock; India; panthera uncia; canis lupis; browse; threatened; species; relationships; tibetan; wolf; panthera; uncia; canis; lupis; 610 | ||||
Abstract | The author studied livestock killed by predators in the Spiti Valley, India, to determine what species had killed yaks, horses, donkeys, and other domestic animals. Eleven of the kills examined were made by snow leopards and six by the Tibetan wolf. Wolves were involved in surplus killings, while snow leopards kill as food is needed. lgh | ||||
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Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 326 | Serial | 804 | ||
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Author | Richard, C. | ||||
Title | Sectoral Report in Vol II: Developing Strategies for Agriculture and Related Sectors in Ladakh | Type | Report | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | livestock; grazing; predator; prey; herders; herder; Ladakh; browse; 1970 | ||||
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Notes | Submitted to the Leh Autonomous Hill Developement Council by IMOCD, Jan 1999 Title, Analytic: Rangelands and Livestock as a Niche Opportunity for Ladakh. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 373 | Serial | 815 | ||
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Author | Schaller, G. | ||||
Title | Surveys of Mountain Wildlife in China, Report # 4 | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1986 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 11 | ||
Keywords | Xinjiang; Tian-Shan; Tian; Taxkorgan; Horendaban-Shan; Horendaban; surveys; field-work; prey; livestock; hunting; poaching; herders; browse; 4210 | ||||
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Notes | Full text available at URL | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 409 | Serial | 853 | ||
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Author | Schaller, G.B. | ||||
Title | On the behaviour of Blue Sheep (Pseudois nayaur) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1972 | Publication | Journal of Bombay Natural Historical Society | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 69 | Issue | Pages | 523-537 | |
Keywords | predator; prey; hunting; scat; blue-sheep; Nepal; blue; sheep; browse; 2230 | ||||
Abstract | Two or three snow leopards hunted in the study area in eastern Nepal. Describes content of some snow leopard scat | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 24 | Serial | 862 | ||
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Author | Schaller, G.B. | ||||
Title | Mountain Monarchs: Wild Sheep and Goats of the Himalaya (Wildlife Behavior & Ecology) | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 1977 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 146-159 | ||
Keywords | sheep; goats; Pakistan; Nepal; marking; spraying; scrapes; sprays; behavior; predator; prey; browse; 2250; mountain; wild; wild sheep; goat; Himalaya; wildlife; ecology | ||||
Abstract | Describes snow leopard status and field observations from studies in Pakistan and Nepal. Review provides some data on snow leopard marking behavior, social relations, food habits and predator behavior. | ||||
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Publisher | University of Chicago Press | Place of Publication | Chicago | Editor | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 39 | Serial | 864 | ||
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Author | Schaller, G.B. | ||||
Title | Wildlife of the Tibetan Steppe | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | Tibet; predator; prey; steppe; ungulates; browse; 1990 | ||||
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Publisher | University of Chicago Press | Place of Publication | Chicago | Editor | |
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 344 | Serial | 871 | ||
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Author | Schaller, G.B.; Mirza, Z.B. | ||||
Title | On the behaviour of Kashmir Markhor (Capra falconeri cashmiriensis) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1971 | Publication | Mammalia | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 35 | Issue | Pages | 548-566 | |
Keywords | predator; prey; Kashmir; browse; 2270 | ||||
Abstract | Notes snow leopard as main predator in Pakistan study area. Describes content of some snow leopard droppings | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 25 | Serial | 860 | ||
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Author | Schaller, G.B.; Hong, L.; Talipu, J.; Mingjiang, R.Q. | ||||
Title | The snow leopard in Xinjiang, China | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1988 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 22 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 197-204 |
Keywords | China; Xinjiang; asia; refuges; parks; reserves; snow-leopard; prey; livestock; predators; herders; fur; management; snow leopard; browse; 930 | ||||
Abstract | Snow leopards live in the mountains of Central Asia, their range stretching from Afganastan to Lake Baikal in Eastern Tibet. They are endangered throughout their range, being hunted as predators of mains livestock and for their skin. Much of the snow leopards range lies in China, but not enough is known about its staus there for effective conservation. As part of a project to assess China's high altitude wildlife resources the authors conducted a survey in Xinjiang- a vast arid region of deserts and mountains. Although the snow leopard and other wildlife have declined steeply in Xinjiang in recent decades, the cta still persists and one area has the potential to become one of the best refuges for the species in its entire range. Its future in XInjiang, howevere, depends on well protected reserves, enforcement of regulations against killing the animal, and proper managemnt of the prey species. | ||||
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Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 129 | Serial | 868 | ||
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Author | Schaller, G.B.; Jurang, R.; Mingjiang, Q. | ||||
Title | Status of snow leopard (Panthera-uncia) in Qinghai-Province and Gansu Province-China | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1988 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 45 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 179-194 |
Keywords | status; population; China; Qinhai-province; Gansu-province; conservation; snow-leopard; Panthera-uncia; prey; ungulates; blue-sheep; marmot; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; qinhai province; qinhai; province; gansu province; gansu; panthera uncia; panthera; uncia; 860 | ||||
Abstract | The status and distribution of the snow leopard Panthera uncia was investigated in two provinces of China. The cats occur over about 65,000km2 or 9% of the Qinghai Province, and in a few places along the western edge of Gansu Province. In many areas the animals have in recent decades been decimated or locally eradicated, as have their prey. Counts of wild ungulates in 9 mountain block, totalling 1375km2, known for abundant wildlife, had an average of 1.4-5.4 animals km2, principally blue sheep Psuedois nayaur, which together with marmot Marmota himalayana, represent the snow leopards main prey. Possibly 650 snow leopards survive in Qinghai but shooting and trapping of this legally protected animal and the hunting of blue sheep for local consumtion and export threaten their existence. | ||||
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Notes | Publisher:ELSEVIER SCI LTD, OXFORD | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 113 | Serial | 867 | ||
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Author | Schaller, G.B.; Tserendeleg, J.; Amarsana, G. | ||||
Title | Observations on snow leopards in Mongolia | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 33-42 | ||
Keywords | Mongolia; gobi; Altay; Altai; survey; surveys; habitat; scrapes; markings; feces; spray; distribution; status; park; parks; reserve; reserves; refuge; activity; conservation; home-range; protected-areas; movements; predator; prey; diet; livestock; herders; ibex; argali; hunting; poaching; trapping; killing; browse; home range; protected areas; protected; 2710 | ||||
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Usa | Editor | J.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Notes | Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium. International Snow Leopard TrustPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 258 | Serial | 870 | ||
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Author | Scheber | ||||
Title | Snow Leopard in the south part of Gobi-Altai mountain range | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1975 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 17 | ||
Keywords | Mongolia; asia; snow-leopard; herders; livestock; predators; prey; gobi; distribution; snow leopard; browse; 960 | ||||
Abstract | Accorfing to the information from Gurvan its rumored that the snow leopards grow in number and many times they attacked the livestock entering into the domestic area causing damage, we investigated theGurvan Tes sumon of Umnogobi aimag and also Noyon sumon todisplay the reserve review and spreading area of snow leopard from 22 of December of 1975 to 10th of January of 1976. | ||||
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Notes | The Snow Leopard Trust has a hand copied form of this document translated from Russian, | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 28 | Serial | 872 | ||
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Author | Seidensticker, J.; Lumpkin, S. | ||||
Title | The adaptable leopard; unfortunately it's no match for modern man | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1996 | Publication | Wildlife Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 99 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 52 |
Keywords | predator; prey; poaching; hunting; behavior; feeding; conflict; habitat; browse; 1130 | ||||
Abstract | Abstract: Leopards' adaptability has become the species' vulnerability. The animals do not hesitate to eat rotting flesh and will come back repeatedly to their meal, if disturbed. People have taken advantage of this by lacing carcasses with poison. Leopards are moderate in size compared to other cats, are stealthy and can live in areas as diverse as rain forests and deserts. | ||||
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Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 291 | Serial | 876 | ||
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Author | Shafiq, M.M.; Abid, A. | ||||
Title | Status of large mammal species in Khunjerab National Park | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Pakistan Journal of Forestry | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 48 | Issue | 1-4 | Pages | 91-96 |
Keywords | Khunjerab-National-Park; large-mammals; endangered species; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; wolf; fox; ibex; sheep; bear; prey; predator; protected-area; Khunjerab; browse; national; park; large; mammals; endangered; species; uncia; protected; 560 | ||||
Abstract | Study on the current status of large mammals species population was carried out in Khunjerab National Park, Northern Areas. The observation recorded showed that the population of Tibetan Red fox (Vulpes vulpes montana), Snow leopard (Uncia uncia), and Wolf (Canis lupus) have, though a bit, increased but are still in the rank of “Endangered”. While the population of Himalyan Ibex (Cpara ibex sibirica) is increasing more rapidly and their status is now “Common” in the Park. The limited population of Marcopolo sheep (Ovis ammon polii), Tibetan wild Ass (Equus hemionus kiang) and Brown bear (Urus arctos) is still under threat, and comes them under “Critical Endangered” category. | ||||
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Notes | Document Type: English Call Number: 634.909547 PA | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 342 | Serial | 879 | ||
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Author | Sharma, S., Thapa, K., Chalise, M., Dutta, T., Bhatnagar, Y.V., McCarthy, T. | ||||
Title | The snow leopard in Himalaya: A step towards their conservation by studying their distribution, marking habitat selection, coexistence with other predators, and wild prey-livestock-predator interaction | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Conservation Biology in Asia | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 184-196 | ||
Keywords | Himalaya, Nepal, ecology, snow leopard, Uncia uncia, prey, livestock, predator | ||||
Abstract | Snow leopard (Uncia uncial) is a flagship species of the Himalaya. Very few studies have been done on the ecology of this species in the Himalaya. This paper presents an overview of four studies conducted on snow leopards in Nepal and India, dealing with various aspects of snow leopard ecology including their status assessment, making behaviour, habitat selection, food habits, and impact on livestock. The information generated by these studies is useful in planning effective conservation and management strategies for this endangered top predator of high mountains. | ||||
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Notes | Paper 12; From: Pages 184-196 of Conservation Biology in Asia (2006) McNeely, J.A., T. M. McCarthy, A. Smith, L.Olsvig-Whittaker, and E.D. Wikramanayake (editors). Published by the Society for Conservation Biology Asia Section and Resources Himalaya, Kathmandu, Nepal, 455 pp. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1130 | ||
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Author | Shrestha, B. | ||||
Title | Prey Abundance and Prey Selection by Snow Leopard (uncia uncia) in the Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-35 | ||
Keywords | project; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; network; conservation; program; prey; abundance; selection; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; Sagarmatha; national; national park; National-park; park; Nepal; resource; predators; predator; ecological; impact; region; community; structure; number; research; population; status; density; densities; wild; prey species; prey-species; species; Himalayan; tahr; musk; musk-deer; deer; game; birds; diet; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; awareness; co-existence; ungulates; ungulate; Human; using; areas; area; monitoring; transect; Hair; identification; scat; attack; patterns; sighting; 1760; populations; birth; Male; Female; young; domestic; domestic livestock; 120; scats; yak; Dog; pika; wildlife; Seasons; winter; horse; study; cover; land; predation; Pressure; development; strategy; threatened; threatened species; threatened-species; conflicts; conflict; people; control; husbandry; compensation; reintroduction; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; free ranging | ||||
Abstract | Predators have significant ecological impacts on the region's prey-predator dynamic and community structure through their numbers and prey selection. During April-December 2007, I conducted a research in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park (SNP) to: i) explore population status and density of wild prey species; Himalayan tahr, musk deer and game birds, ii) investigate diet of the snow leopard and to estimate prey selection by snow leopard, iii) identify the pattern of livestock depredation by snow leopard, its mitigation, and raise awareness through outreach program, and identify the challenge and opportunities on conservation snow leopard and its co-existence with wild ungulates and the human using the areas of the SNP. Methodology of my research included vantage points and regular monitoring from trails for Himalayan tahr, fixed line transect with belt drive method for musk deer and game birds, and microscopic hair identification in snow leopard's scat to investigate diet of snow leopard and to estimate prey selection. Based on available evidence and witness accounts of snow leopard attack on livestock, the patterns of livestock depredation were assessed. I obtained 201 sighting of Himalayan tahr (1760 individuals) and estimated 293 populations in post-parturient period (April-June), 394 in birth period (July -October) and 195 November- December) in rutting period. In average, ratio of male to females was ranged from 0.34 to 0.79 and ratio of kid to female was 0.21-0.35, and yearling to kid was 0.21- 0.47. The encounter rate for musk deer was 1.06 and density was 17.28/km2. For Himalayan monal, the encounter rate was 2.14 and density was 35.66/km2. I obtained 12 sighting of snow cock comprising 69 individual in Gokyo. The ratio of male to female was 1.18 and young to female was 2.18. Twelve species (8 species of wild and 4 species of domestic livestock) were identified in the 120 snow leopard scats examined. In average, snow leopard predated most frequently on Himalayan tahr and it was detected in 26.5% relative frequency of occurrence while occurred in 36.66% of all scats, then it was followed by musk deer (19.87%), yak (12.65%), cow (12.04%), dog (10.24%), unidentified mammal (3.61%), woolly hare (3.01%), rat sp. (2.4%), unidentified bird sp. (1.8%), pika (1.2%), and shrew (0.6%) (Table 5.8 ). Wild species were present in 58.99% of scats whereas domestic livestock with dog were present in 40.95% of scats. Snow leopard predated most frequently on wildlife species in three seasons; spring (61.62%), autumn (61.11%) and winter (65.51%), and most frequently on domestic species including dog in summer season (54.54%). In term of relative biomass consumed, in average, Himalayan tahr was the most important prey species contributed 26.27% of the biomass consumed. This was followed by yak (22.13%), cow (21.06%), musk deer (11.32%), horse (10.53%), wooly hare (1.09%), rat (0.29%), pika (0.14%) and shrew (0.07%). In average, domestic livestock including dog were contributed more biomass in the diet of snow leopard comprising 60.8% of the biomass consumed whilst the wild life species comprising 39.19%. The annual prey consumption by a snow leopard (based on 2 kg/day) was estimated to be three Himalayan tahr, seven musk deer, five wooly hare, four rat sp., two pika, one shrew and four livestock. In the present study, the highest frequency of attack was found during April to June and lowest to July to November. The day of rainy and cloudy was the more vulnerable to livestock depredation. Snow leopard attacks occurred were the highest at near escape cover such as shrub land and cliff. Both predation pressure on tahr and that on livestock suggest that the development of effective conservation strategies for two threatened species (predator and prey) depends on resolving conflicts between people and predators. Recently, direct control of free – ranging livestock, good husbandry and compensation to shepherds may reduce snow leopard – human conflict. In long term solution, the reintroduction of blue sheep at the higher altitudes could also “buffer” predation on livestock. | ||||
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Notes | Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. Forum of Natural Resource Managers, Nepal. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1076 | Serial | 887 | ||
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Author | Smirnov, M.N.; Sokolov, G.A.; Zyryanov, A.N. | ||||
Title | The Snow Leopard (Uncia Uncia Scherber 1776) in Siberia | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1990 | Publication | Int.Nat.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 6 | Issue | Pages | 9-15 | |
Keywords | siberia; status; distribution; Russia; Ussr; Soviet-Union; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; Altai; Sayan; population; tracks; tracking; petroglyphs; skins; pelts; prey; 2880 | ||||
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Notes | Full text available at URL | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 77 | Serial | 901 | ||
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Author | Smith, A.T.; Foggin, M.J. | ||||
Title | The Plateau Pika (Ochotona curzoniae) is a Keystone Species for Biodiversity on the Tibetan Plateau | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Animal Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 2 | Issue | Pages | 235-240 | |
Keywords | prey; species; pika; Tibet; tibetan plateau; domestic livestock; biodiversity; browse; 90 | ||||
Abstract | It is necessary to look at the big picture when managing biological resources on the QinghaiXizang (Tibetan) plateau. Plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) are poisoned widely across the plateau. Putative reasons for these control measures are that pika populations may reach high densities and correspondingly reduce forage for domestic livestock (yak, sheep, horses), and because they may be responsible for habitat degradation. In contrast, we highlight the important role the plateau pika plays as a keystone species in the Tibetan plateau ecosystem. The plateau pika is a keystone species because it: (i) makes burrows that are the primary homes to a wide variety of small birds and lizards; (ii) creates microhabitat disturbance that results in an increase in plant species richness; (iii) serves as the principal prey for nearly all of the plateau's predator species; (iv) contributes positively to ecosystem-level dynamics. The plateau pika should be managed in concert with other uses of the land to ensure preservation of China's native biodiversity, as well as long-term sustainable use of the pastureland by domestic livestock. | ||||
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Notes | Cambridge University PressCopyright c 1999 The Zoological Society of London Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 357 | Serial | 902 | ||
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Author | Sobanskiy G.G. | ||||
Title | The cat family. Snow leopard, or irbis | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1988 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 89-92 | ||
Keywords | Russia; Altai; Cats; snow leopard; distribution; number; preys.; 8200; Russian | ||||
Abstract | In the Altai, there are three cat family species: snow leopard, lynx, and manul. Several tens of snow leopards inhabiting the area along river Argut and its tributaries remained in Altai. They are rarer met in south Altai along the Chikhachev, Shapshal, and Sailyughem ridges. They prey on ibex, wild sheep, roe deer, and moral. They can also attack livestock but would never kill more than one animal. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Game species of the mountainous Altai. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 798 | Serial | 904 | ||
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Author | Sukhbat, K.; Munkhtsog, B. | ||||
Title | Density and Distribution of Ibex and Argali Sheep in Mongolia | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 121-123 | ||
Keywords | Mongolia; argali; habitat; predator; prey; ibex; ungulates; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; 2840 | ||||
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Lahore, Pakistan | Editor | R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Notes | Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 329 | Serial | 942 | ||
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Author | Sumiya, G.; Buyantsog, B.; WWF Mongolia Country Office | ||||
Title | Conservation of Snow Leopard in the Turgen and Tsagaan Shuvuut Mountains Through Local Involvement | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | snow; leopard; uncia; Mongolia; conservation; protected; areas; status; threats; projects; prey; habitat; monitoring; pasture; land; cooperation; herders; environmental; eco-tourism; public; awareness; 5100 | ||||
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Notes | Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 496 | Serial | 947 | ||
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Author | Sunquist, F. | ||||
Title | Where cats and herders mix. (snow leopards in Tibet and Mongolia) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | International Wildlife | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 27 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 27-33 |
Keywords | Mongolia; Tibet; herder; livestock; snow-leopard; predator; prey; World-Wildlife-Foundation; habitat; reserve; park; refuge; Pakistan; China; herders; parks; protected-area; snow leopard; browse; Wwf; world wildlife foundation; 1110; snow; leopard; range; territory; central; Central Asia; asia; Animal; region; conservation; wildlife; foundation; border; sheep; Baltistan; enclosures; area; home; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; countries; country; Feed; Cats; cat; mountain; peoples; people | ||||
Abstract | The snow leopard inhabits a huge range of territory which encompasses some of Central Asia's most bleak and inhospitable terrains. The animal herders in these regions are desperately poor and yet they have agreed to cooperate with conservation groups in protecting the snow leopard. The World Wildlife Foundation has worked to create a refuge on the Pakistan-China border. Sheep herders near Askole, a village in the Baltistan region of northern Paksitan, drive their flocks past stone enclosures. The area is also home to snow leopards. With their natural prey dminished, leopards in 13 countries of central Asia occasionally feed on livestock, putting the cats on a collision course with mountain peoples. | ||||
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Notes | COPYRIGHT 1997 National Wildlife Federation , Jan-Feb 1997 v27 n1 p26(8) Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 330 | Serial | 950 | ||
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Author | Suryawanshi, K.R. | ||||
Title | Towards snow leopard prey recovery: understanding the resource use strategies and demographic responses of bharal Pseudois nayaur to livestock grazing and removal; Final project report | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-43 | ||
Keywords | project; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; network; conservation; program; prey; recovery; resource; use; strategy; demographic; Response; bharal; Pseudois; pseudois nayaur; Pseudois-nayaur; nayaur; livestock; grazing; Report; decline; wild; populations; population; Himalayan; region; Competition; threats; threat; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; study; diet; winter; Test; browse; nutrition; areas; area; young; Female; times; High; Adult; mortality; species; predators; predator; endangered; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya | ||||
Abstract | Decline of wild prey populations in the Himalayan region, largely due to competition with livestock, has been identified as one of the main threats to the snow leopard Uncia uncia. Studies show that bharal Pseudois nayaur diet is dominated by graminoids during summer, but the proportion of graminoids declines in winter. We explore the causes for the decline of graminoids from bharal winter diet and resulting implications for bharal conservation. We test the predictions generated by two alternative hypotheses, (H1) low graminoid availability caused by livestock grazing during winter causes bharal to include browse in their diet, and, (H2) bharal include browse, with relatively higher nutrition, to compensate for the poor quality of graminoids during winter. Graminoid availability was highest in areas without livestock grazing, followed by areas with moderate and intense livestock grazing. Graminoid quality in winter was relatively lower than that of browse, but the difference was not statistically significant. Bharal diet was dominated by graminoids in areas with highest graminoid availability. Graminoid contribution to bharal diet declined monotonically with a decline in graminoid availability. Bharal young to female ratio was three times higher in areas with high graminoid availability than areas with low graminoid availability. No starvation-related adult mortalities were observed in any of the areas. Composition of bharal winter diet was governed predominantly by the availability of graminoids in the rangelands. Since livestock grazing reduces graminoid availability, creation of livestock free areas is necessary for conservation of grazing species such as the bharal and its predators such as the endangered snow leopard in the Trans-Himalaya. | ||||
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Notes | Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program, 2008. Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysore. Post-graduate Program in Wildlife Biology and Conservation, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Wildlife Conservation Society -India program, Bangalore, India. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1077 | Serial | 952 | ||
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Author | Suryawanshi, K. R., Redpath, S. M., Bhatnagar, Y. V., Ramakrishnan, U., Chaturvedi, V., Smout, S. C., Mishra, C. | ||||
Title | Impact of wild prey availability on livestock predation by snow leopards | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | Publication | Royal Society Open Science | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-11 | ||
Keywords | apparent competition, apparent facilitation, conservation conflicts, indirect interactions, predator� prey interactions, snow leopard | ||||
Abstract | An increasing proportion of the world�s poor is rearing livestock today, and the global livestock population is growing. Livestock predation by large carnivores and their retaliatory killing is becoming an economic and conservation concern. A common recommendation for carnivore conservation and for reducing predation on livestock is to increase wild prey populations based on the assumption that the carnivores will consume this alternative food. Livestock predation, however, could either reduce or intensify with increases in wild prey depending on prey choice and trends in carnivore abundance. We show that the extent of livestock predation by the endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia intensifies with increases in the density of wild ungulate prey, and subsequently stabilizes. We found that snow leopard density, estimated at seven sites, was a positive linear function of the density of wild ungulates�the preferred prey�and showed no discernible relationship with livestock density. We also found that modelled livestock predation increased with livestock density. Our results suggest that snow leopard conservation would benefit from an increase in wild ungulates, but that would intensify the problem of livestock predation for pastoralists. The potential benefits of increased wild prey abundance in reducing livestock predation can be overwhelmed by a resultant increase in snow leopard populations. Snow leopard conservation efforts aimed atfacilitating increases in wild prey must be accompanied by greater assistance for better livestock protection and offsetting the economic damage caused by carnivores. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1452 | ||
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Author | Suryawanshi, K. R., Redpath, S., Bhatnagar, Y. V., Ramakrishnan, U., Chaturvedi, V., Smout, S. C., Mishra, C. | ||||
Title | Impact of wild prey availability on livestock predation by snow leopards | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Royal Society Open Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-11 | ||
Keywords | apparent competition, apparent facilitation, conservation conflicts, indirect interactions, predator� prey interactions, snow leopard | ||||
Abstract | An increasing proportion of the world�s poor is rearing livestock today, and the global livestock population is growing. Livestock predation by large carnivores and their retaliatory killing is becoming an economic and conservation concern. A common recommendation for carnivore conservation and for reducing predation on livestock is to increase wild prey populations based on the assumption that the carnivores will consume this alternative food. Livestock predation, however, could either reduce or intensify with increases in wild prey depending on prey choice and trends in carnivore abundance. We show that the extent of livestock predation by the endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia intensifies with increases in the density of wild ungulate prey, and subsequently stabilizes. We found that snow leopard density, estimated at seven sites, was a positive linear function of the density of wild ungulates�the preferred prey�and showed no discernible relationship with livestock density. We also found that modelled livestock predation increased with livestock density. Our results suggest that snow leopard conservation would benefit from an increase in wild ungulates, but that would intensify the problem of livestock predation for pastoralists. The potential benefits of increased wild prey abundance in reducing livestock predation can be overwhelmed by a resultant increase in snow leopard populations. Snow leopard conservation efforts aimed at facilitating increases in wild prey must be accompanied by greater assistance for better livestock protection and offsetting the economic damage caused by carnivores. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1457 | ||
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Author | Thapa, K., Jackson, R., Gurung, L, Acharya, H. B., Gurung, R. K., | ||||
Title | Applying the double observer methodology for assessing blue sheep population size in Nar Phu valley, Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Wildlife Biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-11 | ||
Keywords | blue sheep, density estimation, double observer counts, Nepal, Panthera uncia, prey abundance, Pseudois nayaur, snow leopard, viewshed mapping | ||||
Abstract | This study was undertaken in spring, 2019 to assess the applicability of the double-observer survey method for estimating blue sheep Pseudois nayaur abundance in Nar-Phu valley of Manang District located in Annapurna Conservation Area of northern Nepal. Since counting large mammals in rugged mountain habitat poses a special challenge, we tested the efficacy of the double observer method for generating robust population estimates for this important protected area. The overall detection probability for observers (O1 and O2) was 0.94 and 0.91 for a total of 106 groups comprised of 2059 individual blue sheep. We estimated the area’s blue sheep population at 2070 (SE ± 168.77; 95% CI 2059–2405) for the 246.2 km2 of sampled habitat. We determined blue sheep to be widely distributed within the study area with a mean density of 8.4 individuals per km2 based on a total study area of 246.2 km2. We discuss demographic population structure and identify limitations when applying the double observer approach, along with recommending viewshed mapping for ensuring more robust density estimates of mountain-dwelling ungulates like blue sheep or ibex that inhabit extremely heterogeneous terrain which strongly influences sighting distances and overall animal detection rates. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1666 | ||
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