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Author Scheber   
  Title Snow Leopard in the south part of Gobi-Altai mountain range Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1975 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 17  
  Keywords Mongolia; asia; snow-leopard; herders; livestock; predators; prey; gobi; distribution; snow leopard; browse; 960  
  Abstract Accorfing to the information from Gurvan its rumored that the snow leopards grow in number and many times they attacked the livestock entering into the domestic area causing damage, we investigated theGurvan Tes sumon of Umnogobi aimag and also Noyon sumon todisplay the reserve review and spreading area of snow leopard from 22 of December of 1975 to 10th of January of 1976.  
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  Notes The Snow Leopard Trust has a hand copied form of this document translated from Russian, Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 28 Serial 872  
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Author Severtsov N.A. url 
  Title Travel within Turkestan region and mountain country Tien Shan survey Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1873 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 152  
  Keywords tien shan; snow leopard; records.; 8110; Russian  
  Abstract Snow leopard Felis irbis Ehrb inhabits in Tien Shan. Irbis was recorded in around of Issykul lake.  
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  Notes Full text available in Russian Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 789 Serial 877  
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Author Severtsov N.A. url 
  Title Animals. Mammalia. Typical mountain animals. Taxonomic tables of the Turkistan fauna Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1953 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 20, 29-38, 104-105  
  Keywords Centarl Asia; geographical zones; fauna; mammals; snow leopard.; 8120; Russian  
  Abstract Geo-botanic and zoogeographical description of altitude landscape zones of Central Asia is given. Snow leopard (Felis irbis), ibex (Capra sibirica), brown bear (Ursus leuconyx), dhole (Canis alpinus) and others (10 species in total) are vertically distributed (2,348 3,048 m) in the deciduous forest, fir forest and alpine meadow zones.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Vertical and horizontal distribution of Turkistan animals (printed according to the edition of 1873). Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 790 Serial 878  
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Author Shafiq, M.M.; Abid, A. url 
  Title Status of large mammal species in Khunjerab National Park Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Pakistan Journal of Forestry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 48 Issue 1-4 Pages 91-96  
  Keywords Khunjerab-National-Park; large-mammals; endangered species; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; wolf; fox; ibex; sheep; bear; prey; predator; protected-area; Khunjerab; browse; national; park; large; mammals; endangered; species; uncia; protected; 560  
  Abstract Study on the current status of large mammals species population was carried out in Khunjerab National Park, Northern Areas. The observation recorded showed that the population of Tibetan Red fox (Vulpes vulpes montana), Snow leopard (Uncia uncia), and Wolf (Canis lupus) have, though a bit, increased but are still in the rank of “Endangered”. While the population of Himalyan Ibex (Cpara ibex sibirica) is increasing more rapidly and their status is now “Common” in the Park. The limited population of Marcopolo sheep (Ovis ammon polii), Tibetan wild Ass (Equus hemionus kiang) and Brown bear (Urus arctos) is still under threat, and comes them under “Critical Endangered” category.  
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  Notes Document Type: English Call Number: 634.909547 PA Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 342 Serial 879  
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Author Shah, K.B. url 
  Title On a hunting pair of snow leopards in western Nepal Type Journal Article
  Year 1989 Publication Journal of Bombay Natural Historical Society Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 86 Issue Pages 236-237  
  Keywords hunting; Nepal; predator; snow leopard  
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  Publisher Bombay Natural History Society Place of Publication Bombay, India Editor  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 991 Serial 880  
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Author Sheikin A.O. url 
  Title Fleas of the carnivores of Kazakhstan (preliminary results of the data 1970-1888) Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1996 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 353-361  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; carnivores; ectoparasites; fleas; snow leopard.; 8130; Russian  
  Abstract The analysis of the data of national collection of Parasitological museum of Kazakh Antiplague Institute on ectoparasites from 12 species of carnivores that can be found in Kazakhstan: caracal, snow leopard, ermine, mountain weasel etc. helped to determine the species of fleas and their hosts specialization. Fleas were found on 57 animals/ 50 species of fleas were found, which can be specified to 23 genera, the total number is 525. The specific ones for the carnivores are 6 species fleas. The very low density of ectoparasites was indicated for caracal and snow leopard.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Status of mammal fauna in Russian and adjoining states. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 791 Serial 882  
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Author Shi, K.; Jun, Z.F.S.; Zhigang, D.; Riordan, P.; MacDonald, D. url 
  Title Reconfirmation of snow leopards in Taxkurgan Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 169-170  
  Keywords administration; Beijing; China; conservation; global; habitat; management; nature; presence; province; range; research; reserve; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; species; uncia; wildlife; Xinjiang  
  Abstract China may hold a greater proportion of the global snow leopard Panthera uncia population than any other country, with the area of good quality suitable habitat, estimated at nearly 300,000 km2, comprising .50% of that available across the species' entire range. We can now reconfirm the presence of snow leopard in the Taxkurgan area of Xinjiang Province in north-west China after a period of 20 years.  
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  Publisher Fauna & Flora International Place of Publication United Kingdom Editor  
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  Notes SHI KUN Institute of Wildlife Conservation and Management, Beijing Forestry University, China ZHU FUDE SHI JUN and DAI ZHIGANG Xinjiang Forestry Administration, China PHILIP RIORDAN and DAVID MACDONALD Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon, OX13 5QL, UK. E-mail philip.riordan@zoo.ox.ac.uk Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1056 Serial 884  
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Author Shnitnikov V.N. url 
  Title Rocks and taluses. Alpine meadows. Economic value of local animals Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1934 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Part. 1. South Kazakhstan. Issue Pages 86-88  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; mountains; fauna; mammals; snow leopard.; 8140; Russian  
  Abstract It reviews fauna of rocks, taluses, and alpine meadows of South Kazakhstan. The most typical mammal of rocks and taluses are picas (I¤hotona rutila and I. macrotis), ibex (¥…dr… sibirica), and snow leopard (Felis irbis). Besides, snow leopard, along with Tien Shan bear (Ursus l†u¤Œn¢o), ibex, mountain wolf (¥uŒn alpinus) and others, is met in the alpine meadow zone. Zoo-export of snow leopards to the zoos does not result in extermination of the animals but generates income. Various animal species are subject to trade as zoos do not limit their collections with some specific species or groups; quite the contrary they are interested in obtaining each species. Valuable animals exported from Kazakhstan are tiger, snow leopard, Tien-Shan bear, argali, and mountain wolf. The latter costs 1,000 roubles in gold, and argali even 1,500 roubles.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of Kazakhstan. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 792 Serial 885  
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Author Shnitnikov V.N. url 
  Title Rocks and taluses. Snow leopard, Irbis Felis irbis Shreb Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1936 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 44-49  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; Semerechie; fauna; snow leopard.; 8150; Russian  
  Abstract In Semerechie, snow leopard is not a rare species. In 1931, 53 snow leopards were hunted in southern Semerechie. In the past, at the markets of Central Tien Shan one could buy skins or live snow leopards, which were in demand abroad. Probably, number of snow leopards in Semerechie has increased. Now, it can be found not only in remote areas but in the vicinity of settlements (snow leopards, for instance, were observed some 20 30 km from Almaty, and 60 km from Frunze). Snow leopard preys mainly on ibex (¥…dr… sibiri¤…), snow-cock (O†traogallus himalauenses), and numerous argali – in some areas. The animal will never attack a man, even if wounded.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals of Semerechie. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 793 Serial 886  
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Author Shrestha, B. url 
  Title Prey Abundance and Prey Selection by Snow Leopard (uncia uncia) in the Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal Type Report
  Year 2008 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-35  
  Keywords project; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; network; conservation; program; prey; abundance; selection; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; Sagarmatha; national; national park; National-park; park; Nepal; resource; predators; predator; ecological; impact; region; community; structure; number; research; population; status; density; densities; wild; prey species; prey-species; species; Himalayan; tahr; musk; musk-deer; deer; game; birds; diet; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; awareness; co-existence; ungulates; ungulate; Human; using; areas; area; monitoring; transect; Hair; identification; scat; attack; patterns; sighting; 1760; populations; birth; Male; Female; young; domestic; domestic livestock; 120; scats; yak; Dog; pika; wildlife; Seasons; winter; horse; study; cover; land; predation; Pressure; development; strategy; threatened; threatened species; threatened-species; conflicts; conflict; people; control; husbandry; compensation; reintroduction; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; free ranging  
  Abstract Predators have significant ecological impacts on the region's prey-predator dynamic and community structure through their numbers and prey selection. During April-December 2007, I conducted a research in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park (SNP) to: i) explore population status and density of wild prey species; Himalayan tahr, musk deer and game birds, ii) investigate diet of the snow leopard and to estimate prey selection by snow leopard, iii) identify the pattern of livestock depredation by snow leopard, its mitigation, and raise awareness through outreach program, and identify the challenge and opportunities on conservation snow leopard and its co-existence with wild ungulates and the human using the areas of the SNP. Methodology of my research included vantage points and regular monitoring from trails for Himalayan tahr, fixed line transect with belt drive method for musk deer and game birds, and microscopic hair identification in snow leopard's scat to investigate diet of snow leopard and to estimate prey selection. Based on available evidence and witness accounts of snow leopard attack on livestock, the patterns of livestock depredation were assessed. I obtained 201 sighting of Himalayan tahr (1760 individuals) and estimated 293 populations in post-parturient period (April-June), 394 in birth period (July -October) and 195 November- December) in rutting period. In average, ratio of male to females was ranged from 0.34 to 0.79 and ratio of kid to female was 0.21-0.35, and yearling to kid was 0.21- 0.47. The encounter rate for musk deer was 1.06 and density was 17.28/km2. For Himalayan monal, the encounter rate was 2.14 and density was 35.66/km2. I obtained 12 sighting of snow cock comprising 69 individual in Gokyo. The ratio of male to female was 1.18 and young to female was 2.18. Twelve species (8 species of wild and 4 species of domestic livestock) were identified in the 120 snow leopard scats examined. In average, snow leopard predated most frequently on Himalayan tahr and it was detected in 26.5% relative frequency of occurrence while occurred in 36.66% of all scats, then it was followed by musk deer (19.87%), yak (12.65%), cow (12.04%), dog (10.24%), unidentified mammal (3.61%), woolly hare (3.01%), rat sp. (2.4%), unidentified bird sp. (1.8%), pika (1.2%), and shrew (0.6%) (Table 5.8 ). Wild species were present in 58.99% of scats whereas domestic livestock with dog were present in 40.95% of scats. Snow leopard predated most frequently on wildlife species in three seasons; spring (61.62%), autumn (61.11%) and winter (65.51%), and most frequently on domestic species including dog in summer season (54.54%). In term of relative biomass consumed, in average, Himalayan tahr was the most important prey species contributed 26.27% of the biomass consumed. This was followed by yak (22.13%), cow (21.06%), musk deer (11.32%), horse (10.53%), wooly hare (1.09%), rat (0.29%), pika (0.14%) and shrew (0.07%). In average, domestic livestock including dog were contributed more biomass in the diet of snow leopard comprising 60.8% of the biomass consumed whilst the wild life species comprising 39.19%. The annual prey consumption by a snow leopard (based on 2 kg/day) was estimated to be three Himalayan tahr, seven musk deer, five wooly hare, four rat sp., two pika, one shrew and four livestock. In the present study, the highest frequency of attack was found during April to June and lowest to July to November. The day of rainy and cloudy was the more vulnerable to livestock depredation. Snow leopard attacks occurred were the highest at near escape cover such as shrub land and cliff. Both predation pressure on tahr and that on livestock suggest that the development of effective conservation strategies for two threatened species (predator and prey) depends on resolving conflicts between people and predators. Recently, direct control of free – ranging livestock, good husbandry and compensation to shepherds may reduce snow leopard – human conflict. In long term solution, the reintroduction of blue sheep at the higher altitudes could also “buffer” predation on livestock.  
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  Notes Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. Forum of Natural Resource Managers, Nepal. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1076 Serial 887  
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