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Author Khanyari, M., Suryawanshi, K. R., Milner-Gulland, E. J., Dickinson, E., Khara, A., Rana, R. S., Vineer, H. R., Morgan, E. R. pdf 
  Title Predicting Parasite Dynamics in Mixed-Use Trans-Himalayan Pastures to Underpin Management of Cross-Transmission Between Livestock and Bharal Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Frontiers in Veterinary Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 8 Issue 714241 Pages 1 - 21  
  Keywords disease, Trans-Himalaya, livestock, nematodes, bharal, model, ungulates, grazing  
  Abstract The complexities of multi-use landscapes require sophisticated approaches to addressing disease transmission risks. We explored gastro-intestinal nematode (GINs) infections in the North India Trans-Himalayas through a socio-ecological lens, integrating parasite transmission modelling with field surveys and local knowledge, and evaluated the likely effectiveness of potential interventions. Bharal (blue sheep; Pseudois nayaur), a native wild herbivore, and livestock share pasture year-round and livestock commonly show signs of GINs infection. While both wild and domestic ungulates had GINs infections, egg counts indicated significantly higher parasite burdens in bharal than livestock. However, due to higher livestock densities, they contributed more to the total count of eggs and infective larvae on pasture. Herders also reported health issues in their sheep and goats consistent with parasite infections. Model simulations suggested that pasture infectivity in this system is governed by historical pasture use and gradually accumulated larval development during the summer, with no distinct short-term flashpoints for transmission. The most effective intervention was consequently predicted to be early-season parasite suppression in livestock using temperature in spring as a cue. A 1-month pause in egg output from livestock could lead to a reduction in total annual availability of infective larvae on pasture of 76%, potentially benefitting the health of both livestock and bharal. Modelling suggested that climate change over the past 33 years has led to no overall change in GINs transmission potential, but an increase in the relative influence of temperature over precipitation in driving pasture infectivity. Our study provides a transferable multi-pronged approach to investigating disease transmission, in order to support herders’ livelihoods and conserve wild ungulates.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1673  
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Author Franchini, M., Atzeni, L., Lovari, S., Nasanbat, B., Ravchig, S., Herrador, F. C., Bombieri, G., Augugliaro, C. pdf 
  Title Spatio-temporal behaviour of predators and prey in an arid environment of Central Asia Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Current Zoology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue zoac093 Pages  
  Keywords avoidance, facilitation, Mongolia, Panthera uncia, ungulates, Vulpes vulpes.  
  Abstract The mechanisms of interactions between apex and smaller carnivores may range from competition to facilitation. Conversely, interactions between predators and prey are mainly driven by the prey reducing the likelihood of encounters with predators. In this study, we investigated (i) the spatio-temporal interactions between an apex (the snow leopard) and a meso-predator (the red fox), and (ii) the temporal interactions between the snow leopard and its potential prey (Siberian ibex, argali, Asian wild ass, Tolai hare) through camera-trapping in the Mongolian Great Gobi-A. The probability of occurrence for the red fox was higher in presence of the snow leopard than in its absence. Moreover, the red fox activity pattern matched that of the snow leopard, with both species mostly active at sunset. This positive spatio-temporal interaction suggests that the presence of the snow leopard may be beneficial for the red fox in terms of scavenging opportunities. However, other explanations may also be possible. Amongst prey, the Siberian ibex and the argali were mainly active during the day, whereas the Asian wild ass and the Tolai hare were more nocturnal. These findings suggest that potential prey (especially the Siberian ibex and the argali) may shape their behaviour to decrease the opportunity of encounters with the snow leopard. Our results have revealed complex interactions between apex and smaller predators and between apex predator and its potential prey.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1706  
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Author Moheb, Z., Rajabi, A. M., Jahed, N., Ostrowski, S., Zahler, P. I., Fuller, T. K. pdf 
  Title Using double-observer surveys to monitor urial and ibex populations in the Hindu Kush of Wakhan National Park, Afghanistan Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-7  
  Keywords Capra sibirica, density, double-observer survey, herd composition, herd size, Ovis vignei, ungulates, viewshed  
  Abstract We surveyed the urial Ovis vignei and Siberian ibex Capra sibirica in the Hindu Kush mountain range of Wakhan National Park in north-eastern Afghanistan to determine their population status and identify potential drivers of population change. We conducted two double- observer ground surveys, in April–May 2015 and 2018, in 10 areas (total = 288 km2). Urial herds were mostly com- posed of both sexes (78% of observed herds), the mean adult sex ratio (females:males) was 100:70, and the mean female:juvenile ratio was 100:53. In 2018 we calculated a urial density of 35/100 km2, compared to 72/100 km2 in 2015. Ibex herds were mostly (79%) composed of both sexes, the mean adult sex ratio (females:males) was 100:103, and the mean female:juvenile ratio was 100:58. Ibex density estimates were similar in 2015 and 2018 (c. 250/100 km2). We discuss the usefulness of the double-observer methods for ungulate surveys, highlight the value of viewshed calculations and discuss the possible causes of urial population decline. To ensure the conservation of these ungulate populations, we recommend continued regular monitoring, measures to address poaching and research to clarify the taxonomical status of urials in Wakhan.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1707  
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Author Khanyari, M., Oyanedel, R., Khara, A., Sharma, M., Milner-Gulland, E. J., Suryawanshi, K. R., Vineer, H. R., Morgan, E. R. pdf 
  Title Predicting and reducing potential parasite infection between migratory livestock and resident Asiatic ibex of Pin valley, India Type Journal Article
  Year 2024 Publication Journal of Biosciences Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 49 Issue 50 Pages 1-14  
  Keywords Disease; epidemiology; gastrointestinal nematode; intervention; parasite; ungulate  
  Abstract Disease cross-transmission between wild and domestic ungulates can negatively impact livelihoods and wildlife conservation. In Pin valley, migratory sheep and goats share pastures seasonally with the resident Asiatic ibex (Capra sibirica), leading to potential disease cross-transmission. Focussing on gastro-intestinal nematodes (GINs) as determinants of health in ungulates, we hypothesized that infection on pastures would increase over summer from contamination by migrating livestock. Consequently, interventions in livestock that are well-timed should reduce infection pressure for ibex. Using a parasite life-cycle model, that predicts infective larval availability, we investigated GIN transmission dynamics and evaluated potential interventions. Migratory livestock were predicted to contribute most infective larvae onto shared pastures due to higher density and parasite levels, driving infections in both livestock and ibex. The model predicted a c.30-day anti- parasitic intervention towards the end of the livestock’s time in Pin would be most effective at reducing GINs in both hosts. Albeit with the caveats of not being able to provide evidence of interspecific parasite trans- mission due to the inability to identify parasite species, this case demonstrates the usefulness of our predictive model for investigating parasite transmission in landscapes where domestic and wild ungulates share pastures. Additionally, it suggests management options for further investigation.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1748  
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Author Ismagilov M.I. url 
  Title Protection of rare mammals in Kazakhstan Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1983 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 230-232  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; nature reserves; mammals; rare species; ungulates; carnivores; rodents; insectivores; bats; snow leopard.; 6990; Russian  
  Abstract The following rare mammals can be found in nature reserves of Kazakhstan: argali, goitered gazelle, kulan, snow leopard, stone marten, Tien Shan brown bear, manul, Turkistan lynx, Menzbier's marmot, and porcupine. The rest of rare mammal species (three insectivorous species, seven rodent, eight predator, and two ungulate species) are outside of protected areas and require special protection measures.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Population variability of species, and mammal gene bank conservation problems. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 677 Serial 424  
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Author Bhatnagar, Y.V.; Stakrey, R.W.; Jackson, R. url 
  Title A Survey of Depredation and Related Wildlife-Human Conflicts in Hemis National Park, Ladakh (India) Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2000 Publication Snow Line Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume xvi Issue Pages 3  
  Keywords Jammu; Kashmir; Ladakh; conflicts; herders; livestock; predator; prey; grazing; ungulates; economics; Hemis; browse; 4430  
  Abstract  
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  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle Editor  
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  Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snowline Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 431 Serial 136  
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Author Braden, K.E. url 
  Title Economic Development in Six Regions of Snow Leopard Habitat in the U.S.S.R Type Conference Article
  Year 1988 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 227-246  
  Keywords conservation; habitat; herders; livestock; sheep; goats; argali; herder; Russia; Soviet-Union; U.S.S.R.; Ussr; ungulates; ungulate; predator; prey; economics; economic; browse; soviet; union; 1800  
  Abstract The Disappearance of traditional ungulate prey of the snow leopard may be contributing to its endangered status in the wild. Soviet biologists have noted that wild sheep are a primary prey of the snow leopard in the southern Russian union republic and the Central Asian union republic of the U.S.S.R. While poaching appears to have had some impact on the status of these sheep, econmic pressures may be contributing to their decrease. Evidence presented for KAzakhstan and three regions of the Russian republic demonstrates that commercial sheep and goat production appears to be growing at a very high pace in these areas, thus consumming habitat otherwise available for wild herds.  
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  Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust and the Wildlife Institute of India Place of Publication India Editor H.Freeman  
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  Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 107 Serial 194  
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Author Chundawat, R.S.; Rawat G.S. url 
  Title Food Habits of Snow Leopard in Ladakh, India Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1990 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 11  
  Keywords India; Ladakh; behavior; predator; prey; livestock; blue-sheep; ibex; ungulates; marmots; parks; refuge; protected-area; reserves; diet; habitat; scat; kills; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; 970  
  Abstract The snow leopard has remained little studied in the past, and most of the information available is either in the form of natural history or anecdotal notes. The inaccessibility of the terrain and its secretive habits make this one of the more difficult animals to study in the wild. In the past decade, several ecological surveys were conducted in India, Nepal, China and Mongolia, which gave us information on the status and distribution of snow leopard (Jackson, Mallon, Fox, Schaller, Chundawat) A detailed study in Nepal through light on its secretive habits ( Jackson and Ahlborn, 1989). Even then little is known about its feeding habits. The present paper discusses this aspect from a study which was part of a detailed study conducted on the ecology of snow leopard in India from October 1987 to Feburary 1990.  
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  Notes full text available at URL Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 305 Serial 223  
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Author Dementiev G.P. url 
  Title Quadrupeds inhabitants of the mountains Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1967 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 110-116  
  Keywords asia; mountain fauna; endemics; species range; rodents; ungulates; carnivores; marmots; pikas; voles; ibex; mountain sheep; snow leopard.; 6480; Russian  
  Abstract All species inhabiting the highlands of Asia are normally referred to as herbivorous or predators. A majority of alpine land species (rodents and ungulates) feeds upon leaves, stalks, and roots of plants. Among widely distributed highland species the most interesting are marmots, red pica, grey vole, argali, and ibex. Argali and ibex are preyed on by snow leopards. There are reasons to believe that these mountain animal species are more ancient than their cognates in a plain. All the way from Central Asia to Europe, species belonging to the eastern and western fauna complexes are observed to interpenetrate.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: In severe cold and heat. (Animal and landscape). Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 626 Serial 235  
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Author Egorov O.V. url 
  Title Enemies, infections, parasites and mortality rate of ibex Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1955 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Vol. 42. Issue Pages 37-50  
  Keywords Ussr; ungulates; predators; snow leopard.; 6520; Russian  
  Abstract Reasons for ibex and argali mortality from natural enemies, parasites, infections, accidents, and hunters are analyzed. Snow leopard is one of the most dangerous enemies of ibex and argali, preying equally on both young and mature animals (mostly males). Snow leopard feeds upon ibex all year round. Unlike wolf, snow leopard would never kill several animals at a time, but only one selected victim. The food remains left by these predators are different in terms of the skull gnawing. Nasal bones and eye-sockets on the skull of ibex killed by snow leopard remain undamaged, while wolf gnaws off nasal part of the skull, breaks eye-sockets, eats lower jaw, widens occipital hole and pulls out brains. Snow leopard leaves large pieces of skin around the skeleton of the victim, whereas wolf tears it to shreds or eats up fully. Sometimes parts of the victim left by snow leopard are eaten by wolf. It is easy to mix the remains of snow leopard's or griffon vulture's food. The remains differ in skin being turned inside out rather than torn to large pieces.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of ZIN of the Academy of Science of the USSR. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 630 Serial 251  
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