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Edmonds, J.M. |
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Systematic and Ecogeographic Studies on Crop Gene pools, 6. The distribution of Hibiscus L. section Furcaria in tropical East Africa |
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1991 |
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Edmonds, J.M.Systematic and Ecogeographic Studies on Crop Genepools, 6.The distribution of Hibiscus L.section Furcaria in tropical East Africa.viii + 60p |
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morphology; germ-plasm; veterinary; medical; immobilization; drugs; dossage; medicine; zoo; browse; germ; plasm; 1470 |
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This dissertation presents studies on the use of medetomidine, ketamine, and atipamezole for sedating and immobilizing mammals in captivity. The species studies were markhor (Capra falconeri megaceros), snow leopard (Panthera uncia), and blue fox (Alopex lagopus). The objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of the drugs, to compare the efficacy of the drugs, and to establish useful dose levels. Tables, charts, and graphs complement the text. Six papers on which the thesis is based are appended. |
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Oxford Forestry Inst., Univ. Oxford, Dep. Plant Sci., South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
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SLN @ rana @ 178 |
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250 |
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Fix, A.S.; Riordan, D.P.; Hill, H.T.; Gill, M.A.; Evans, M.B. |
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Feline panleukopena virus and subsequent canine-distemper virus infection in two snow leopards (Panthera uncia) |
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1989 |
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Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine |
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20 |
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3 |
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273-281 |
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diagnosis; fecal; Fpv; leukemia; panleukopenia; panthera uncia; snow leopard; therapy; vaccination; veterinary; Virus; zoo |
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Two adult snow leopards (Panthera uncia), male and female, both with vaccinations current, became infected with feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) at the Blank Park Zoo, Des Moines, Iowa, in late 1988. Clinical signs included weakness, hemorrhagic feces, fever, seizures, and nasal discharge. Blood analysis revealed severe lymphopenia and mild anemia. A positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test for FPV on fecal contents from the male leopard confirmed the diagnosis. In spite of intensive therapy, both animals died. Necropsy of the female, which survived for 1 wk after onset of signs, revealed intestinal crypt necrosis, pulmonary consolidation, necrotizing laryngitis, and diffuse lymphoid depletion. The male leopard, which lived 3 wk after onset of illness, had similar enteric and lymphoid lesions. In addition, there was a severe interstitial pneumonia, with syncytial cells containing eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Ultrastructural characteristics of these inclusions featured tubular structures consistent with a paramyxovirus. Although repeated virus isolation attempts from the affected lung were negative, polyclonal and monoclonal fluorescent antibody tests were strongly positive for canine distemper virus (CDV). Frozen paired sera from each leopard demonstrated very high acute and convalescing titers to FPV; both animals also seroconverted to CDV, with titers in the male leopard higher than those in the female. Additional tests for toxoplasmosis, feline infectious peritonitis, feline rhinotracheitis, feline calicivirus, feline leukemia, canine parainfluenza, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus were all negative. The neurologic signs present in these leopards remained unexplained, but may have been attributable to CDV infection. A feral cat trapped on zoo property had feces positive for FPV by ELISA. Although the specific contributions of FPV and CDV toward the development of this case are unknown, it is likely that initial FPV-induced immunosuppression allowed the subsequent development of CDV in these snow leopards. The likelihood that initial FPV infection came from feral cats underscores the importance of feral animal control on zoo premises. |
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Addresses:FIX AS, IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT VET PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,VET DIAGNOST LAB,AMES,IA 50011BLANK PK ZOO,DES MOINES,IA 50315NORDEN LABS INC,LINCOLN,NE 68501NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010 Publisher:AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS, MEDIA Connective Phrase: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 147 |
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277 |
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Freeman, H. |
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Title |
Behavior in adult pairs of captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia) |
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1983 |
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Zoo Biology |
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2 |
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1 |
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1-22 |
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behavior; zoo; zoos; captive; captivity; estrus; breeding; mating; veterinary; browse; 1600 |
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Eight adult pairs of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) were observed for one to three years in the months December through March to determine the species' social and reproductive characteristics in captivity. To statistically examine the occurrence of behaviors as a function of estrus, the observation weeks were divided into three time blocks: before estrus, estrus, and after estrus. Using percentage of scan samples as an estimate of time spent in various behaviors, 16 behaviors and combined behavior categories were examined for (1) behaviors that differentiated successfully from unsuccessfully breeding pairs, (2) sex differences in behavior, (3) significant correlations between pair members, and (4) behaviors that showed time block effects. The rationale for identifying a behavioral profile of successful breeders in snow leopards was to aid zoos in their captive management programs by increasing their knowledge of the social behavior of this species. By finding correlates to breeding success, informed decisions on whether to change partners after a certain period of time, how to group the cats, and the optimum strategy for a survival plan can be made. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved |
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Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 60 |
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319 |
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Gosselin, S.J.; Loudy, D.L.; Tarr, M.J.; Balistreri, W.F.; Setchell, K.D.; Johnston, J.O.; Kramer, L.W.; Dresser, B.L. |
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Veno-occlusive disease of the liver in captive cheetah |
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1988 |
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Vet Pathol |
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25 |
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1 |
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48-57 |
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Animal; Feed; analysis; Carnivora; Cheetahs; Female; Hepatic; Veno; Occlusive; Disease; pathology; veterinary; Histocytochemistry; Liver; ultrastructure; Male; Microscopy; Electron; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; Vitamin A; browse; non; us; gov't; government; 280 |
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Liver tissues from 126 captive cheetah were evaluated by light microscopy and histochemistry; eight animals were evaluated by electron microscopy. The main hepatic lesion, a vascular lesion resembling veno- occlusive disease (VOD) of the liver and characterized by subendothelial fibrosis and proliferation of smooth muscle-like cells in the central veins, was seen in 60% of the sexually mature cheetah. Although this hepatic vascular lesion was seen in cheetah as young as 1 year of age, the most severe lesions, usually associated with liver failure, were found in cheetah between the ages of 6 and 11. There was no sex predisposition, and in approximately 40% of the VOD cases, liver disease was not suspected clinically or at necropsy. VOD was found in other felidae, especially in the snow leopard. High levels of vitamin A in livers, as well as in diets of the cheetah, could be a contributing factor in the development of VOD in some groups of cheetah. |
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0300-9858 |
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Document Type: Eng |
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SLN @ rana @ 127 |
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339 |
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Graham, L.H.; Goodrowe, K.L.; Raeside, J.I.; Liptrap, R.M. |
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Non-invasive monitoring of ovarian function in several felid species by measurement of fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestins |
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1995 |
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Zoo Biology |
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14 |
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3 |
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223-237 |
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Artificial-Breeding-Program; captive-management; Estradiol-17beta; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Progestin; sexual-behavior; genetics; zoo; medicine; veterinary; snow-leopard; feces; fecal-analysis; snow leopard; artificial; breeding; program; captive; management; Estradiol; 17beta; sexual; behavior; browse; snow; leopard; fecal; analysis; 1390 |
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An extraction and assay procedure to measure fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestin concentrations in several cat species was developed and validated for use for noninvasive monitoring of ovarian function. Fecal samples were collected over a range of 3-20 months from female tigers (three), lions (three), snow leopards (three), cheetahs (two), caracals (two), and domestic cats (five). Samples were extracted with 90% methanol, lipids removed with petroleum ether, and the estradiol and progestins in the methanol measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fractionation and subsequent RIA of the fractions indicated that the estradiol-17-beta antiserum cross-reacted primarily with estradiol-17-beta in the feces of lions and tigers and was assumed to be specific for estradiol-17-beta in the feces of other species as well. However, there were several immunoreactive compounds, presumably progesterone metabolites, excreted in the feces which varied both quantitatively and qualitatively among species. The behavior of tigers, lions, cheetahs, and caracals was visually monitored during the collection period and frequency of sexual behaviors was positively correlated with increases in fecal estradiol in all species observed. The mean fecal estradiol-17-beta peaks were as follows: tigers, 128.0 +- 13.1; lions, 186.0 +- 14.8; snow leopards, 136.7 +- 15.9; cheetahs, 140.9 +- 9.0; caracals, 24.5 +- 4.0; and domestic cats 158.9 +- 19.3 ng/gm. Fecal progestin concentrations rose significantly (P lt 0,001) only after breeding or during pregnancy and were as follows: tigers, 5.6 +- 0.6; lions, 1.9 +- 0.1; cheetahs, 8.4 +- 1.1; and caracals, 2.4 +- 0.4 mu-g/gm. Fecal progestins were elevated for one-half to two-thirds of the gestation length during presumed pseudopregnancy but remained elevated throughout successful pregnancies. These results suggest that ovarian function can be monitored noninvasively in the family Felidae by the measurement of fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestin concentrations. |
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Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 279 |
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345 |
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Wildt, D.; Pukazhenthi, B.; Brown, J.; Monfort, S.; Howard, J.; Roth, T. |
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Spermatology for understanding, managing and conserving rare species |
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1995 |
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Reproduction Fertility and Development |
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7 |
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4 |
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811-824 |
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Assisted-Reproduction; Cryopreservation; reproduction; zoo; medical; veterinary; spermatology; genetics; browse; assisted; 1380 |
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Most conventional spermatology research involves common mammalian species including livestock, laboratory animals and humans. Yet, there are more than 4500 mammalian species inhabiting the planet for which little is known about basic reproductive biology, including sperm characteristics and function. This information is important, not just as adjunct knowledge, but because the majority of these species are threatened with extinction, largely due to human-induced pressures. The field of conservation is changing rapidly, and global cooperation is emerging among a variety of wildlife enthusiasts, ranging from management authorities of nature reserves to curators of rare zoological collections. Conservation progress depends on systematic, multidisciplinary research first to answer basic questions, with new data then applied to endangered species management plans. The reproductive physiologist is a crucial component of this scheme. Reproduction is the essence of species survival, and enormous effort needs to be directed at these 'untraditional' research species, subspecies and populations. Spermatology research combined with simultaneous efforts in endocrinology, embryology and cryopreservation (among others) can lead to the successful application of assisted reproduction. Examples from this laboratory include an array of wild felid species and a rare cervid and mustelid. Obstacles to success are formidable, including unique species-specificities, diminished genetic diversity and a general lack of resources. Nonetheless, the field offers tremendous opportunities for generating unique knowledge of comparative interest and with conservation utility. |
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Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 278 |
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1024 |
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Isenbugel, E.; Weilenmann, P. |
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Colobomes of the Eyelid in an Ounce T (UNCIA-UNCIA, SCHREBER 1775) from the Zurich-Zoological-Garden |
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1985 |
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Praktische Tierarzt |
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66 |
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1 |
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61-62 |
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colobomes; veterinary; medicine; medical; zoo; zoos; browse; 1550 |
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Addresses:INST ZUCHTHYG,ZOO & HEIMTIERE ABT,ZURICH,SWITZERLANDZOOL GARTEN ZURICH,ZURICH,SWITZERLAND Publisher:SCHLUTERSCHE VERLAG DRUCKEREI, HANOVER 1 Document Type: German |
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SLN @ rana @ 86 |
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409 |
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White, S.D.; Stannard, A.A.; Ihrke, P.J.; Rosser, E.J. |
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Therapy of demodicosis in snow leopard challenged |
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1981 |
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J Am Vet Med Assoc |
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178 |
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9 |
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877-878 |
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Amoxicillin: therapeutic use; Animal; Animals; zoo; Calcium: therapeutic use; Carnivora; Mite Infestations: drug therapy; veterinary; Sulfides: therapeutic use; Thiosulfates: therapeutic use; amoxicillin; therapeutic; calcium; mite; infestations; drug; therapy; drug therapy; sulfides; thiosulfates; browse; use; 360 |
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0003-1488 |
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Document Type: eng |
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SLN @ rana @ 57 |
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1020 |
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Wharton, D.; Mainka, S.A. |
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Management and husbandry of the snow leopard Uncia uncia |
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1997 |
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International Zoo Yearbook |
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35 |
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139-147 |
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breeding; captive-management; diet; enclosures; housing; husbandry; nutrition; veterinary-care; zoo; browse; veterinary; care; captive; management; 1290 |
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The international studbook for the Snow leopard Uncia uncia was established in 1976. The species has been the focus of intensive captive management and as at 1 January 1992, 541 animals were maintained at 160 collections. This paper gives an overview of the diet, housing, breeding and captive management of the species with specific reference to animals maintained in North American collections. A summary of veterinary care reported in the Snow leopard captive-management survey is also given. |
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SLN @ rana @ 331 |
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1018 |
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Jalanka, H.H. |
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Medetomidine-induced and ketamine-induced immobilization of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) doses, evaluation and reversal by atipamezole |
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1989 |
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Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine |
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20 |
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2 |
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154-162 |
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immobilization; drugs; dossage; doses; medetomidine; ketamine; veterinary; medical; medicine; zoo; zoos; atipamezole; browse; 1500 |
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Addresses:JALANKA HH, HELSINKI ZOO,SF-00570 HELSINKI,FINLAND Publisher:AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS, MEDIA Document Type: English |
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484 |
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