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| Author | Thapa, K., Rayamajhi, S. | ||||
| Title | Anti-predator strategies of blue sheep (naur) under varied predator compositions: a comparison of snow leopard-inhabited valleys with and without wolves in Nepal | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Wildlife Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-9 | ||
| Keywords | Annapurna conservation area, antipredator behavior, blue sheep (Naur), predation, prey predator traits, snow leopard, trade-off, wolf. | ||||
| Abstract | In Nepal, naur are usually the staple wild prey for the snow leopard, a solitary stalker hunter, and in some cases, for the wolf who hunts in a pack. We assumed that naur would adapt their anti-predatory responses to the presence of chasing and ambushing predators in the Manang Valley, where there are snow leopards and wolves, and in the Nar Phu valley, an area where there is only the snow leopard. Aims. The aim of this study was to determine if there were differences in anti-predator strategies (vigilance, habitat selection and escape terrain) of naur in two valleys over two seasons, spring and autumn. Methods. In spring 2019, we conducted a reconnaissance survey on the status of the naur and its habitat in the Manang and Nar Phu valleys of the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. In spring and autumn 2020 and 2021, we observed 360 focal naur individuals (180 individuals in each valley), using the vigilance behaviour methodology to examine the behaviour of the naur. Key results. There was little difference in the size of the naur groups between the Manang and Nar Phu valleys. The naur were twice as vigilant in Manang (15%), where there are snow leopards and wolves, as they were in Nar Phu (9%), with only snow leopards. The distance from the naur to escape cover was significantly shorter in Manang than in Nar Phu valley. Naur used significantly more rolling terrain in Nar Phu than in Manang. Conclusions. The return of wolves to the Manang valley may have resulted in an increase in the level of naur vigilance. Most likely, the wolves in Manang have already had an effect on the female-to-young-ratio, and this effect will possibly have important consequences for the naur population, as well as at the ecosystem level in the future. Other key determining factors, such as the climate crisis and changes in local resources, could have a significant impact on the naur population, indicating the need for more research. Implications. The findings of this study would provide valuable baseline information for the design of a science-based conservation strategy for conservation managers and scientists on naur, snow leopards and wolves. |
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| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1732 | ||
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| Author | Arias, M., Coals, P., Ardiantiono, Elves-Powell, J., Rizzolo, J. B., Ghoddousi, A., Boron, V., da Silva, M., Naude, V., Williams, V., Poudel, S., Loveridge, A., Payan, E., Suryawanshi, K., Dickman, A. | ||||
| Title | Reflecting on the role of human-felid conflict and local use in big cat trade | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2024 | Publication | Conservation Science and Practice | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 6 | Issue | e13030 | Pages | 1-7 |
| Keywords | conflict, illegal trade, jaguar, leopard, lion, Panthera, snow leopard, tiger, wildlife crime | ||||
| Abstract | Illegal trade in big cat (Panthera spp.) body parts is a prominent topic in scientific and public discourses concerning wildlife conservation. While illegal trade is generally acknowledged as a threat to big cat species, we suggest that two enabling factors have, to date, been under-considered. To that end, we discuss the roles of human-felid conflict, and “local” use in illegal trade in big cat body parts. Drawing examples from across species and regions, we look at generalities, contextual subtleties, ambiguities, and definitional complexities. We caution against underestimating the extent of “local” use of big cats and highlight the potential of conflict killings to supply body parts. | ||||
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| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1745 | ||
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| Author | Koshkarev, E. | ||||
| Title | What Has Happened to the Snow Leopard After the Break-Up of Soviet Union? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Snow Line | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Xvi | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | Kyrgyzstan; Tadzhikistan; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; Uzbekistan; Kazakhstan; poaching; hunting; capturing; pelts; skins; coats; furs; trade; status; distribution; bones; medicine; conservation; kazakstan; Tajikistan; browse; soviet; union; 4050 | ||||
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| Notes | Full Text at URLEvgeniy Koshkarev, member of the Conservation Advisory Board of theInternational Snow Leopard TrustVitaly Vyrypaev, member of Asia-Irbis, International Research Group (this research was supported by Kathleen Braden, Valerie Trueblood, Bonnie and Dick Robbins (USA), Sacred Earth Network (USA), NABU (Germany). | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 380 | Serial | 567 | ||
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| Author | Aizim B.M., S.E.D. | ||||
| Title | Snow leopard Felis uncia Schreb | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1969 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 56-59 | ||
| Keywords | Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; distribution; number; trade.; 5920; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | It says about snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan, its distribution, number, food, reproduction, and hunting behavioral patterns, and encounters with human beings. The only enemy of snow leopard is man. From economic point of view snow leopard is of interest only in terms of catching the animals for zoo-export. The skin of snow leopard in commercial trade is of negligent importance. Local population uses the skins for decorating walls, tailoring man's fur coats and sometimes as floor carpets. | ||||
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| Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Game species of Kyrgyzstan. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 571 | Serial | 43 | ||
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| Author | Aizin B.M. | ||||
| Title | Distribution, number and seasonal behavioral patterns of Panthera uncia Scheber in Kyrgyzstan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1974 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Vol. 1. | Issue | Pages | 19-20 | |
| Keywords | Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; distribution; number; trade.; 5900; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | In Kyrgyzstan, snow leopard can be met almost in all mountain ridges (Kok-Kiya, Atbasha, Kyrgyz, Terskey, Kungei, Talas, Chatkal, Alai, Zaalai), where it keeps to alpine meadow, woodless rock and snowfield zones. The number of snow leopard does not exceed 1,500 animals. Seven to 10 animals are annually caught for the needs of zoo-export. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of the 1st international congress on mammals. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 569 | Serial | 45 | ||
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| Author | Aizin B.M. | ||||
| Title | Rare predatory mammal species and their protection in Kyrgyzstan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1979 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 4-5 | ||
| Keywords | Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; distribution; number; trade.; 5910; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | Snow leopard is met in all mountain ridges in Kyrgyzstan. Every year 7 10 animals are caught for the purpose of zoo export. Total population of snow leopard in the country does not exceed 1,400 animals. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic fundamentals of predatory mammals' protection and sustainable use. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 570 | Serial | 46 | ||
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| Author | Ammosov, B. | ||||
| Title | Central Asia mountains. Snow leopard or irbis | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1973 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 92-93 | ||
| Keywords | Central Asia; natural zones; snow leopard; distribution; habitats; number; trade.; 6010; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | All natural zones are represented in the mountains of Central Asia: deserts, semi-deserts, steppes, meadows, forests and shrubs, sub-alpine zones, alpine zones. Irbis (snow leopard) is a typical inhabitant of highlands. In the USSR, snow leopard is distributed in the mountains of Central Asia and southern Siberia. Outside the country this species is met in the Himalayas, Tibet, mountains of Mongolia. It is rare everywhere. The annual world trade is less than 1,000 animals. Being a non-numerous species, it causes negligible damage to farming and hunting industry. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Hunting industry of the USSR. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 580 | Serial | 69 | ||
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| Author | Anonymous | ||||
| Title | Central Asian Republic Snow Leopard Specialists Plan Joint Conservation Strategy | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | |||
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| Keywords | Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Uzbekistan; Russia; Asia-Irbis; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; Tajikistan; poaching; habitat; habitat-degradation; trade; skins; pelts; coat; fur; bones; medicine; status; hunting; ibex; marmots; Islt; Gyssar; Nabu; Wwf; kazakstan; browse; protected; area; degradation; world wildlife fund; international snow leopard trust; asia; irbis; 3950 | ||||
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| Notes | Full text at URL | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1 | Serial | 75 | ||
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| Author | Anonymous | ||||
| Title | International Specialists Discuss China's Threatened Cats | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1992 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | China; Iucn; habitat; predator; prey; livestock; herders; conflict; hunting; poaching; trapping; bones; medicine; trade; development; Slims; Cites; protected-areas; parks; preserves; reserves; refuge; browse; protected; areas; 3990 | ||||
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| Notes | Full text at URL | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 186 | Serial | 80 | ||
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| Author | Anonymous | ||||
| Title | Livestock Predation Control Workshop | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | Lahul-Spiti; Ladakh; Hemis; parks; reserves; refuge; protected-area; argali; abix; blue-sheep; wolves; distribution; status; population; poaching; hunting; trade; skins; livestock; pelts; coat; fur; bones; medicine; prey-depletion; herders; habitat; habitat-degradation; tourism; Tmi; Islt; predator; prey; conflict; compensation; trekking; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; depletion; degradation; international snow leopard trust; 3940 | ||||
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| Notes | Full Text at URLDate of Meeting: Ladakh (1999 Oct 6- Oct 10 ) | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 359 | Serial | 86 | ||
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| Author | Anonymous | ||||
| Title | A snow leopard conservation plan for Mongolia | Type | Report | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-8 | ||
| Keywords | awareness; behaviour; biodiversity; conservation plan; decline; density; ecology; fund-raising; funding; habitat degradation; Himalayan; management; Mongolia; montane; pastoralists; pelt; predator; snow-leopard-conservation-plan; snow leopard; trade; Wwf | ||||
| Abstract | The snow leopard faces multiple threats in the Himalayan region, from habitat degradation, loss of prey, the trade in pelts, parts and live animals, and conflict with humans, primarily pastoralists. Consequently, the populations are considered to be in decline and the species is listed as Endangered in the IUCN's Red List. As a 'flagship' and 'umbrella' species the snow leopard can be a unifying biological feature to raise awareness of its plight and the need for conservation, which will benefit other facets of Himalayan biodiversity as well. Some studies of snow leopards have been conducted in the Himalayan region. But, because of its elusive nature and preference for remote and inaccessible habitat, knowledge of the ecology and behaviour of this mystical montane predator is scant. The available information, however, suggests that snow leopards occur at low densities and large areas of habitat are required to conserve a viable population. Thus, many researchers and conservationists have advocated landscape-scale approaches to conservation within a regional context, rather than focusing on individual protected areas.This regional strategy for WWF's snow leopard conservation program is built on such an approach. The following were identified as important regional issues: 1) international trade in snow leopards and parts; 2) the human-snow leopard conflict; 3) the need for a landscape approach to conservation to provide large spatial areas that can support demographically and ecologically viable snow leopard metapopulations; 4) research on snow leopard ecology to develop long-term, science-based conservation management plans; and 5) regional coordination and dialog. While the issues are regional, the WWF's in the region have developed 5-year strategic actions and activities, using the regional strategies as a touchstone, which will be implemented at national levels. The WWF's will develop proposals based on these strategic actions, with estimated budgets, for use by the network for funding and fund-raising. WWF also recognizes the need to collaborate and coordinate within the network and with other organizations in the region to achieve conservation goals in an efficient manner, and will form a working group to coordinate activities and monitor progress. | ||||
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| Notes | Publication date unknown but must be at least from 2000. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 995 | Serial | 92 | ||
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| Author | Barnes, L.J. | ||||
| Title | The Overt Illegal Fur Trade in Kathmandu, Nepal | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1989 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-17 | ||
| Keywords | Nepal; illegal-trade; fur; coats; pelts; skins; browse; illegal; trade; 3160 | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Iverness Research Associates | Thesis | |||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Unpublished report, Inverness Research Associates, P.O. Box 515, Iverness, California 94937; phone 415.669.1474 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 139 | Serial | 118 | ||
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| Author | Ishunin G.I. | ||||
| Title | Cats | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1964 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 37-43 | ||
| Keywords | Uzbekistan; South Uzbekistan; Cats; distribution; fur-trade; snow leopard.; 6950; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | It provides information about the cat family species in Uzbekistan (steppe cat Felis libyca, reed cat Felis chaus, Turkistan lynx Felis lynx isabellina, manul Felis manul, sand cat Felis margarita, Turan tiger Felis tigris virgata, Middle Asia leopard Felis pardus tullianus, and snow leopard Felis uncia. Snow leopard is distributed over the Hissar ridge, and the mountains of Kuydytavak, Khoddjachilimakhram, Zardalyupaz, Khodjapiriyah and Belata. Trade significance of snow leopard is negligent. In the Sary-Asia district one skin was traded in 1934 and 1935, three in 1936, four in 1937, one in 1946, and two in 1947. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecology and economic value of vertebrate animals in south Uzbekistan (the Syrdarya river basin). | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 673 | Serial | 419 | ||
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| Author | Kogan M.I. | ||||
| Title | The Kazakh SSR. The Kyrgyz SSR. The Uzbek and Tajik SSR. The Turkmen SSR | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1931 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 47, 51-52,55-57, 59, 61-62. | ||
| Keywords | Central Asia; game species; fur-trade; snow leopard.; 7160; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | It describes geographical, soil, climatic and hydrological features of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. Types of economic activities including fur-trade are described, too. Game preserves are classified, and list of game fauna species inhabiting these republics is given. Snow leopard lives in rocky mountains and is hunted very rarely. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Soviet Asia as a fur-trade region. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 694 | Serial | 540 | ||
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| Author | Koshkarev, E. | ||||
| Title | Poaching in Former USSR | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1994 | Publication | Snow Line | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | xii | Issue | 2 | Pages | 6-7 |
| Keywords | Paoching; hunting; killing; pelts; furs; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; trade; skins; browse; 4610 | ||||
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| Publisher | International Snow Leopard Trust | Place of Publication | Seattle | Editor |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 448 | Serial | 562 | ||
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| Author | Abdusalyamov I.A. | ||||
| Title | A perspective development of fur-animal farming and fish industry in the Tajik SSR | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1972 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 155-160 | ||
| Keywords | Tajikistan; fur-trade; snow leopard; conservation measure.; 5830; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | Given are data concerning fur-trade in Tajikistan in 1962 1966. Snow leopard trade reduced from 54 animals (1962) to 12 (1966). Given are recommendations for the establishment of a highland nature reserve in Pamir and the Sary Khosor nature reserve in the Vakhsh ridge. | ||||
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| Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of the Institute of Zoology and Parasitilogy of the Academy of Science of the Tajik SSR. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 562 | Serial | 30 | ||
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| Author | Bo, W. | ||||
| Title | Snow Leopard Smuggling Aborted | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | China; hunting; poaching; trade; pelts; skins; coats; fur; bones; meat; browse; 4010 | ||||
| Abstract | Full Text: Xining, China Daily, Jan. 31--Police have detained a man for trying to smuggle two dead snow leopards, an endangered species under State protection, through the Xining Railway Station in Northwest China's Qinghai Province. Ma Deliang was stopped by police after he attempted to pass the butchered snow leopards off as beef at a shop in Sichuan Province. Ma later confessed that he bought the dead snow leopards at a local market and wanted to smuggle them to Deyang in Sichuan Province. Police also searched Ma's home and found dear heads, antlers and lynx and fox furs. Snow leopards live in highlands of altitudes between 3,000 to 6,000 metres above sea level. The population of the species has dwindled greatly since the 19th century. |
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| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 376 | Serial | 176 | ||
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| Author | Blomqvist, L.; Dexel, B. | ||||
| Title | In Focus: Declining numbers of wild snow leopards | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | EAZA Zoo News | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 26-27 | ||
| Keywords | asia; Cites; conflict; habitat loss; herder; laws; poaching; protection; snow leopard; threat; trade; Uncia uncia | ||||
| Abstract | International collaboration to ensure the long-term survival of snow leopards (Uncia uncia) in the wild is today more acutely needed than ever! Trade in live snow leopards, their skins and bones, has during the last decade reached such extensiveness that the species is in danger of being wiped out from many of its former habitats. All recent surveys support declining populations throughout most of their range. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 887 | Serial | 172 | ||
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| Author | Bartlett, L. | ||||
| Title | Good News for the Bad and the Ugly at CITES Conference | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1997 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | poaching; hunting; trade; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; 1090 | ||||
| Abstract | And prices can be high. CITES lists the following record payments (in US dollars): Falcon, 200,000; snow leopard skins, 60,000; musk grain, 50,000 per kilogramme; South American parrot, 40,000; Peruvian butterfly, 3,000; orchid, 2,000. Apparently rare creatures are worth the earth, to some people. | ||||
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| Notes | Journal Title: Agence France-Presse | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 334 | Serial | 121 | ||
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| Author | Dexel, B. | ||||
| Title | Snow Leopard Conservation In Kyrgyzstan: Enforcement, Education and Research Activities By the German Society for Nature Conservation (NABU) | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | kyrgystan; fur; traders; enforcement; conservation; Nabu; snow; leopard; strategy; illegal; trade; bones; law; education; environmental; 4920 | ||||
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Islt | Editor |
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| Notes | Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival Summit Place of Meeting: Seattle,WA | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 478 | Serial | 239 | ||
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| Author | Dexel, B. | ||||
| Title | The illegal trade in snow leopards – a global perspective | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | Pages | 5-17 | |
| Keywords | conservation; german; Germany; global; illegal; illegal-trade; leopard; leopards; nature; nature conservation; project; snow; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopard project; snow leopards; trade | ||||
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| Notes | Coordinator Snow Leopard Project, German Society for Nature Conservation, Berlin, Germany. Email: birga.dexel@nabu.de | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 916 | Serial | 240 | ||
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| Author | Wajrak, A. | ||||
| Title | Snow Leopard Skins in Poland (Polowanie Na Sniezna Pantere) | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1994 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Gazeta Wyborcza. | |
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| Keywords | Russia; Ussr; skins; furs; pelts; poaching; trade; browse; Soviet-Union; soviet union; soviet; union; 3160; information; 920; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; skin | ||||
| Abstract | Full Text: In 1991, Dr Andrzej Kruszewicz of the Institute of Ecology of the Polish Academy of Sciences saw a “quite fresh” snow leopard skin on sale by a Russian in a Warsaw market for three million Polish zlotys ($300). A few weeks later he saw another skin in a shop in the centre of Warsaw. In spring 1992, Marcin Waslawski from the Institute of Geography saw a snow leopard skin in the same market for the equivalent of $200. The seller was an Asian from a former Soviet Republic. In summer 1992, Wajrak himself saw a snow leopard skin in a hunters' shop in Warsaw and in winter saw one in the home of a Polish hunter, who said it was a gift from a Mongolian friend. In winter 1994, a student from Britain saw a Polish long coat of snow leopard skins in Bialowieza. Wajrak saw a skin in a Warsaw shop, which the owner said was 15-20 years old; he got it from a Polish diplomat who had been in Mongolia and had three snow leopard skins. The skin was priced at the equivalent of $1,000. Wajrak added that he had been told that it was possible to buy tiger skins from Russians in Poland and he was trying to find one; I have not heard from him since. | ||||
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| Notes | Information from Adam Wajrak of Gazeta Wyboracza (T: 48 2 416 920) 24/4/94. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 268 | Serial | 1002 | ||
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| Author | Anonymous | ||||
| Title | Trade continues in snow leopard skins | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Snow Line | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Xiv | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | trade; pelts; fur; coat; poaching; browse; 3080 | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 284 | Serial | 83 | ||
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| Author | Heinen, J.T.; Leisure, B. | ||||
| Title | A new look at Himalayan Fur Trade | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 27 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 231-238 |
| Keywords | fur; trade; coat; pelt; poaching; hunting; hunter; browse; 2970 | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 198 | Serial | 376 | ||
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| Author | Anonymous | ||||
| Title | Snow leopard trade in court | Type | Unsupported: Case | ||
| Year | 1984 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trade; India; people; coat | ||||
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| Notes | Press note on court findings in India, convicting people in posession of a snow leopard coat. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 943 | Serial | 78 | ||
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