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Author Jackson, R.; Ahlborn G.; Ale S.; Gurung D.; Gurung M.; Yadav url 
  Title Reducing Livestock Depredation in the Nepalese Himalaya: Case of the Annapurna Conservation Area Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords reducing; livestock; depreadation; nepalese; Himalaya; annapurna conservation area; 2090  
  Abstract In the Nepalese Himalaya, conflict with rural communities due to livestock predation to large carnivores like snow leopard, common leopard, wolf and wild dog has risen sharply in recent years. This increase is attributed to a number of factors, including implementation and enforcement of wildlife protection laws (which have permitted a recovery in carnivore numbers), the creation of protected areas (which serve as refuges from which predators can populate the surrounding area), the depletion of natural prey due to poaching and loss of habitat, and lax livestock herding practices. However, little information is presently available upon which to design remedial programs. U.S. AID provided research funding for an in-depth assessment of snow leopard predation in the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACAP), an new innovative approach to nature conservation. Baseline information on livestock numbers and mortality were gathered during household interviews, followed by field surveys to assess animal husbandry systems, map pastures, establish periods of use and estimate stocking rates, and to characterize habitat using randomly located plots. Data substantiate the existence of depredation “hotspots”, where high loss occurs, in some cases exceeding 14% to 20% of the livestock population over a short period. Losses varied seasonally, and from year to year. Small-bodied stock like goat and sheep were more vulnerable than large-bodied stock like yak, although horses were especially vulnerable. Factors most closely associated with predation included lack of guarding (or very lax supervision), especially during the daytime, and repeated use of pastures where livestock depredators were known to be actively hunting. Herders usually reacted to repeated depredation incidents by attempting to trap or shoot the suspected culprit until losses declined to an acceptable level. As large carnivore populations become increasingly fragmented and genetically isolated, new management strategies are urgently needed, especially within the buffer zones and intervening corridors between separated parks and reserves. People reside within nearly all Himalayan protected areas, and such issues as loss of livestock and competition between wildlife and livestock cannot be avoided. A plan is offered for alleviating livestock loss in the Annapurna Conservation Area that involves local institutions in decision-making, rewards sound husbandry practices, strengthens indigenous institutions, without further eroding ACAP’s unique biological diversity and diverse carnivore population. The authors believe these measures and ideas could be fruitfully extended to other parts of the Himalaya.  
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  Notes Unpublished Report prepared for U.S. Agency for International Development, King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation. BioSystems Analysis, Tiburon, California. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 219 Serial 451  
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Author Abdunazarov B.B. url 
  Title Rare and endangered animal species in the Kashkadaraya region Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 3  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; Kashkadarya region; rare species; mammals; birds; reptiles; fishes; snow leopard.; 5760; Russian  
  Abstract 41 percent of all vertebrate species listed in the Red Book of the Uzbek SSR (18 mammal species, 29 bird, 6 reptile, and 8 fish species) inhabit the Kashkadarya region. The mammals are Tien Shan brown bear, Central Asian otter, Turkistan lynx, snow leopard, and goitered gazelle. Nesting bird fauna includes the following species: black stork, Turkistan white stork, short toed eagle, booted eagle, golden eagle, bearded vulture, black vulture, griffon vulture, saker falcon, houbara bustard, and eagle owl. Migrating and wintering bird species are dalmatian pelican, rose pelican, mute swan, osprey, tawny eagle, imperial eagle, pin-tailed sandgrouse; and possibly Bonnli's eagle and Barbary falcon that have not been seen here since 1950-s. Rare reptiles are represented by two species: desert monitor and Central Asian cobra.  
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  Language Russian Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Behavioral ecology (Animals and soil ecology). Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 556 Serial 23  
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Author Koshkarev, E. url 
  Title Poaching in Former USSR Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1994 Publication Snow Line Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume xii Issue 2 Pages 6-7  
  Keywords Paoching; hunting; killing; pelts; furs; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; trade; skins; browse; 4610  
  Abstract  
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  Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Seattle Editor (up)  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 448 Serial 562  
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Author Vashetko E.V. url 
  Title Materials for studying fauna of terrestrial vertebrates inhabiting Hissar Nature Reserve Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 33-34  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; Hissar nature reserve; geographical zone; cadastre; fauna; distribution; snow leopard.; 8450  
  Abstract A vertebrate fauna inventory in the Hissar nature reserve showed that various natural zones here are certainly inhabited by 45 species: amphibians one species; reptiles 12; mammals 32. Reptiles such as Alai snake-eyed skink and Central Asian viper and mammal species such as wolf, fox, brown bear, weasel, grey hamster can be found in all natural zones here up to 4,000 m above sea level. Snow leopard, Turkestan lynx, and long-tailed marmot can be found in the juniperous forests and higher elevations.  
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  Notes Journal Title: Behavioral ecology (Animals and soil ecology). Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 822 Serial 980  
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Author Braden, K. url 
  Title The Snow Leopard in Independent Kazakhstan Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume xii Issue Pages  
  Keywords Ussr; Rusia; Kazakhstan; Tien-Shan; zoo's; Almaty; economics; status; browse; 4640  
  Abstract  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle Editor (up)  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snowline Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 451 Serial 193  
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Author McCarthy, T. url 
  Title Update Mongolia Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume xii Issue Pages  
  Keywords Schaller; economics; travel; Mne; Macne; Altai; gobi; training; field-work; research; browse; 4620  
  Abstract  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle Editor (up)  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snowline Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 449 Serial 655  
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Author International Snow Leopard Trust url 
  Title Snow Leopards in Ancient Artwork In Central Asia Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1994 Publication Snowline Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume xii Issue Pages  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; Kyryzstan; art; browse; paintings; 4630  
  Abstract  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle Editor (up)  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snowline Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 450 Serial 923  
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Author Emanoil, M. url 
  Title Snow leopard: Uncia (panthers) uncia Type Book Chapter
  Year 1994 Publication Encyclopedia of Endangered Species Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 205-206  
  Keywords endangered; endangered species; snow leopard; uncia  
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  Publisher IUCN, Gale Research Inc. Place of Publication Editor (up) Emanoil, M.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 963 Serial 253  
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Author Dhungel, S. url 
  Title Conservation of the Snow Leopard in Nepal Type Conference Article
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 47-50  
  Keywords Nepal; conservation; livestock; herder; herders; poaching; hunting; pelts; fur; coat; skin; distribution; status; behavior; predator; prey; breeding; Himalaya; park; parks; reserve; refuge; protected-area; biology; habitat; scent; spray; tracks; scrapes; home-range; mating; bharal; blue-sheep; goral; tahr; musk-deer; blue; sheep; browse; musk; deer; 3030  
  Abstract  
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  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Usa Editor (up) Fox, J.L.; Jezing, D.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 306 Serial 241  
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Author Koshkarev, E. url 
  Title Evaluation of the presence of snow leopard and ibex in Southern Siberia Type Conference Article
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 17-27  
  Keywords status; distribution; siberia; predator; prey; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; ibex; Sayan; Altai; Altay; Kazakhstan; fossil; ice-age; protected-areas; parks; preserves; reserves; refuge; kazakstan; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; ice age; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 2860  
  Abstract  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle/USA Editor (up) J.Fox; D.Jizeng  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 222 Serial 561  
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