| Records |
| Author |
Schaller, G.B. |
| Title |
On meeting a Snow Leopard |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1972 |
Publication |
Animal Kingdom |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
75 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
7-13 |
| Keywords |
Pakistan; ecology; conservation; distribution; livestock; goat; baiting; reserves; reserve; park; parks; refuge; behavior; protected-area; browse; protected area; protected; area; 2220 |
| Abstract |
Discusses snow leopard distribution, ecology and conservation. Describes baiting (with a domestic goat) of a snow leopard and cub in a game reserve in Northern Pakistan. Incudes a description of the Leopard killing a goat, and observations over a week when the leopards were feeding on the goat baits. |
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| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 23 |
Serial |
861 |
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| Author |
Schaller, G.B. |
| Title |
On the behaviour of Blue Sheep (Pseudois nayaur) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1972 |
Publication |
Journal of Bombay Natural Historical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
69 |
Issue |
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Pages |
523-537 |
| Keywords |
predator; prey; hunting; scat; blue-sheep; Nepal; blue; sheep; browse; 2230 |
| Abstract |
Two or three snow leopards hunted in the study area in eastern Nepal. Describes content of some snow leopard scat |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 24 |
Serial |
862 |
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| Author |
Schaller, G.B. |
| Title |
Mountain mammals in Pakistan |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Oryx |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
13 |
Issue |
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Pages |
351-356 |
| Keywords |
Pakistan; Chitral-Gol; status; distribution; hunting; poaching; hunters; parks; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; protected-area; browse; chitral gol; chitral; protected area; protected; area; 2240 |
| Abstract |
Four or five snow leopards were present in 300 sq km of Chitral District in 1974. Six snow leopards were shot in vicinity of Chitral Gol in winter of 1971-1972, and at least one the next year. Estimates fewer then 250 snow leopards in Pakistan. |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 33 |
Serial |
863 |
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| Author |
Schaller, G.B. |
| Title |
Mountain Monarchs: Wild Sheep and Goats of the Himalaya (Wildlife Behavior & Ecology) |
Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
1977 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
146-159 |
| Keywords |
sheep; goats; Pakistan; Nepal; marking; spraying; scrapes; sprays; behavior; predator; prey; browse; 2250; mountain; wild; wild sheep; goat; Himalaya; wildlife; ecology |
| Abstract |
Describes snow leopard status and field observations from studies in Pakistan and Nepal. Review provides some data on snow leopard marking behavior, social relations, food habits and predator behavior. |
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University of Chicago Press |
Place of Publication |
Chicago |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 39 |
Serial |
864 |
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| Author |
Schaller, G.B. |
| Title |
Stones of Silence: Journeys in the Himalaya |
Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Himalaya; Pakistan; behavior; browse; 2260 |
| Abstract |
Anecdotal description of wildlife field studies in the Himalaya, including information on snow leopard natural history and an encounter with snow leopards in Pakistan. |
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Viking Press |
Place of Publication |
New York |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 63 |
Serial |
865 |
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| Author |
Schaller, G.B.; Jurang, R.; Mingjiang, Q. |
| Title |
Status of snow leopard (Panthera-uncia) in Qinghai-Province and Gansu Province-China |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
45 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
179-194 |
| Keywords |
status; population; China; Qinhai-province; Gansu-province; conservation; snow-leopard; Panthera-uncia; prey; ungulates; blue-sheep; marmot; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; qinhai province; qinhai; province; gansu province; gansu; panthera uncia; panthera; uncia; 860 |
| Abstract |
The status and distribution of the snow leopard Panthera uncia was investigated in two provinces of China. The cats occur over about 65,000km2 or 9% of the Qinghai Province, and in a few places along the western edge of Gansu Province. In many areas the animals have in recent decades been decimated or locally eradicated, as have their prey. Counts of wild ungulates in 9 mountain block, totalling 1375km2, known for abundant wildlife, had an average of 1.4-5.4 animals km2, principally blue sheep Psuedois nayaur, which together with marmot Marmota himalayana, represent the snow leopards main prey. Possibly 650 snow leopards survive in Qinghai but shooting and trapping of this legally protected animal and the hunting of blue sheep for local consumtion and export threaten their existence. |
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Publisher:ELSEVIER SCI LTD, OXFORD |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 113 |
Serial |
867 |
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| Author |
Schaller, G.B.; Hong, L.; Talipu, J.; Mingjiang, R.Q. |
| Title |
The snow leopard in Xinjiang, China |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Oryx |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
22 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
197-204 |
| Keywords |
China; Xinjiang; asia; refuges; parks; reserves; snow-leopard; prey; livestock; predators; herders; fur; management; snow leopard; browse; 930 |
| Abstract |
Snow leopards live in the mountains of Central Asia, their range stretching from Afganastan to Lake Baikal in Eastern Tibet. They are endangered throughout their range, being hunted as predators of mains livestock and for their skin. Much of the snow leopards range lies in China, but not enough is known about its staus there for effective conservation. As part of a project to assess China's high altitude wildlife resources the authors conducted a survey in Xinjiang- a vast arid region of deserts and mountains. Although the snow leopard and other wildlife have declined steeply in Xinjiang in recent decades, the cta still persists and one area has the potential to become one of the best refuges for the species in its entire range. Its future in XInjiang, howevere, depends on well protected reserves, enforcement of regulations against killing the animal, and proper managemnt of the prey species. |
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Document Type: English |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 129 |
Serial |
868 |
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| Author |
Schaller, G.B. |
| Title |
Wildlife of the Tibetan Steppe |
Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Tibet; predator; prey; steppe; ungulates; browse; 1990 |
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University of Chicago Press |
Place of Publication |
Chicago |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 344 |
Serial |
871 |
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| Author |
Scheber |
| Title |
Snow Leopard in the south part of Gobi-Altai mountain range |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1975 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
17 |
| Keywords |
Mongolia; asia; snow-leopard; herders; livestock; predators; prey; gobi; distribution; snow leopard; browse; 960 |
| Abstract |
Accorfing to the information from Gurvan its rumored that the snow leopards grow in number and many times they attacked the livestock entering into the domestic area causing damage, we investigated theGurvan Tes sumon of Umnogobi aimag and also Noyon sumon todisplay the reserve review and spreading area of snow leopard from 22 of December of 1975 to 10th of January of 1976. |
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| Notes |
The Snow Leopard Trust has a hand copied form of this document translated from Russian, |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 28 |
Serial |
872 |
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| Author |
Schmidt, A.M.; Hess, D.L.; Schmidt, M.J.; Lewis, C.R. |
| Title |
Serum concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone and frequency of sexual behaviour during the normal oestrous cycle in the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1993 |
Publication |
J Reprod Fertil |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
98 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
91-95 |
| Keywords |
Animal; Animals; zoo; physiology; Carnivora; Estradiol; Blood; estrus; Female; Progesterone; Seasons; Sex; behavior; Support; U.S.Gov't; P.H.S.; browse; us; government; gov't; 490 |
| Abstract |
Serum oestradiol and progesterone concentrations were measured at weekly intervals for six months, and correlated with daily behavioural observations in two adult female snow leopards (Panthera uncia). Three oestradiol peaks (> 21 pg ml-1; interval 3.6 weeks) were identified in a snow leopardess housed alone (two more were probably missed because of the weekly sampling schedule), and three oestradiol peaks were identified in a snow leopardess housed with a male as a breeding pair (interval 6 weeks). Daily frequencies of feline reproductive behaviour averaged 1.77 observations per observation period during weeks of high oestradiol and 0.62 during weeks of low oestradiol. Progesterone concentrations did not rise above baseline values (< 2 ng ml-1) in the isolated animal, but 6 weeks of high progesterone concentrations (4.9- 38.8 ng ml-1) was recorded in the paired snow leopardess following mating. No offspring were produced. Snow leopards were observed daily for an additional 4.5 years. Sexual behaviour peaks could be clearly identified from December through April, and average daily sexual behaviour scores were higher during these months than during the rest of the year. Intervals between sexual behaviour peaks for the isolated snow leopardess averaged 3.03 weeks. The sexual behaviour of the paired snow leopards decreased for 8-9 weeks following mating when no offspring were produced, and decreased for 13 weeks in one year when a single cub was born. |
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0022-4251 |
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Document Type: eng |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 204 |
Serial |
874 |
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| Author |
Schmidt, R.E.; Eisenbrandt, D.L.; Hubbard, G.B. |
| Title |
Tyzzer's disease in snow leopards |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1984 |
Publication |
J Comp Pathol |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
94 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
165-167 |
| Keywords |
Animal; Animals; Newborn; zoo; Bacillus; Bacterial; Infections; pathology; veterinary; Carnivora; Liver; browse; 330 |
| Abstract |
Tyzzer's disease was diagnosed histologically in 2 litters of newborn snow leopard kittens. The gross and histological lesions were similar to those reported in domestic cats and other animals. No signs of illness was noted in either of the snow leopard dams. |
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0021-9975 |
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Document Type: eng |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 67 |
Serial |
875 |
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| Author |
Seidensticker, J.; Lumpkin, S. |
| Title |
The adaptable leopard; unfortunately it's no match for modern man |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Wildlife Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
99 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
52 |
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predator; prey; poaching; hunting; behavior; feeding; conflict; habitat; browse; 1130 |
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Abstract: Leopards' adaptability has become the species' vulnerability. The animals do not hesitate to eat rotting flesh and will come back repeatedly to their meal, if disturbed. People have taken advantage of this by lacing carcasses with poison. Leopards are moderate in size compared to other cats, are stealthy and can live in areas as diverse as rain forests and deserts. |
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Document Type: English |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 291 |
Serial |
876 |
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| Author |
Shafiq, M.M.; Abid, A. |
| Title |
Status of large mammal species in Khunjerab National Park |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Pakistan Journal of Forestry |
Abbreviated Journal |
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48 |
Issue |
1-4 |
Pages |
91-96 |
| Keywords |
Khunjerab-National-Park; large-mammals; endangered species; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; wolf; fox; ibex; sheep; bear; prey; predator; protected-area; Khunjerab; browse; national; park; large; mammals; endangered; species; uncia; protected; 560 |
| Abstract |
Study on the current status of large mammals species population was carried out in Khunjerab National Park, Northern Areas. The observation recorded showed that the population of Tibetan Red fox (Vulpes vulpes montana), Snow leopard (Uncia uncia), and Wolf (Canis lupus) have, though a bit, increased but are still in the rank of “Endangered”. While the population of Himalyan Ibex (Cpara ibex sibirica) is increasing more rapidly and their status is now “Common” in the Park. The limited population of Marcopolo sheep (Ovis ammon polii), Tibetan wild Ass (Equus hemionus kiang) and Brown bear (Urus arctos) is still under threat, and comes them under “Critical Endangered” category. |
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Document Type: English
Call Number: 634.909547 PA |
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SLN @ rana @ 342 |
Serial |
879 |
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| Author |
Sloane, A.; Kelly, C.; McDavitt, S.; Marples, N. |
| Title |
Big cats in captivity: a quantitative analysis of enrichment |
Type |
Journal Article |
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1998 |
Publication |
Adv.Etho |
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33 |
Issue |
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Pages |
43 |
| Keywords |
abnormal-behavior; behavior; captive-animal-care; endangered; threatened-species; zoos; enrichment; abnormal; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; browse; 1280; study; big; big cats; Cats; cat; zoo; effects; Lions; lion; jaguar; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; behaviour; using; activity; activities; change; presence; enclosures; range; scent; cage; horse; hides; management |
| Abstract |
Studies on three species of big cats at Dublin Zoo have led to firm conclusions about the effects of certain forms of enrichment, some of which will be presented here. Lions, jaguars, and snow leopards were studied over two years and their behaviours quantified using focal animal sampling during selected hours during daylight. By comparison of these activity budgets with and without the enrichments being present, it was possible to identify the exact behavioural changes caused by each enrichment method, and to quantify these changes. In this contribution we present results showing that the presence of a platform in both lion and jaguar enclosures dramatically reduced stereotypic pacing behaviour. We will demonstrate that the effects of short term enrichment devices may have a wide range of effects on behaviours which outlast the presence of the stimulus. For instance scents added to the cage, or food/play items such as horse hides, hidden fish or ice-blocks often reduce pacing and increase resting later in the day, even after the cats have ceased using the enrichment items. This reduction in pacing and increase in resting time often meant that the amount of the enclosure used per hour was actually reduced with the presence of new stimuli, as result opposite to what might have been expected. The results of these studies will be discussed in relation to effective animal management. |
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| Notes |
WILDLIFE REVIEW ABSTRACTS (“Contributions to the International Symposium on Physiology and Ethology of Wild and Zoo Animals, Berlin, Germany, 7-10 October 1998”; Hofer, Heribert; Pitra, Christian; Hofmann, Reinhold R., editors). |
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SLN @ rana @ 349 |
Serial |
897 |
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| Author |
Smith, A.T.; Foggin, M.J. |
| Title |
The Plateau Pika (Ochotona curzoniae) is a Keystone Species for Biodiversity on the Tibetan Plateau |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Animal Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
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Pages |
235-240 |
| Keywords |
prey; species; pika; Tibet; tibetan plateau; domestic livestock; biodiversity; browse; 90 |
| Abstract |
It is necessary to look at the big picture when managing biological resources on the QinghaiXizang (Tibetan) plateau. Plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) are poisoned widely across the plateau. Putative reasons for these control measures are that pika populations may reach high densities and correspondingly reduce forage for domestic livestock (yak, sheep, horses), and because they may be responsible for habitat degradation. In contrast, we highlight the important role the plateau pika plays as a keystone species in the Tibetan plateau ecosystem. The plateau pika is a keystone species because it: (i) makes burrows that are the primary homes to a wide variety of small birds and lizards; (ii) creates microhabitat disturbance that results in an increase in plant species richness; (iii) serves as the principal prey for nearly all of the plateau's predator species; (iv) contributes positively to ecosystem-level dynamics. The plateau pika should be managed in concert with other uses of the land to ensure preservation of China's native biodiversity, as well as long-term sustainable use of the pastureland by domestic livestock. |
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Cambridge University PressCopyright c 1999 The Zoological Society of London Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 357 |
Serial |
902 |
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| Author |
Smith, G. |
| Title |
Mongolia at the crossroads |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Earth Island Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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7 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1 |
| Keywords |
Mongolia; hunting; poaching; economy; snow-leopard; ibex; Argal; protection; conservation; snow leopard; browse; 1170 |
| Abstract |
Abstract: Assesses foreign investment laws adopted by the government of Mongolia which have been deemed extremely flexible and favorable for Americans. Economic benefits presented by the big game hunt industry; Consultation with Secretary of State James Baker in the formulation of said laws during his July The Mongolian government is trying its best to make the country attractive to foreign investors. Big game hunts are still Mongolia's primary source of foreign cash. European and American hunters are willing to pay as much as $90,000 for rare game such as the ibex or the snow leopard. However, a recent US Fish and Wildlife Service ruling giving protection to the Argal, a wild sheep, could mean the cutting of cash inflows from foreign hunters. |
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Document Type: English |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 189 |
Serial |
903 |
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| Author |
Stockley, G. |
| Title |
Big Game Shooting In the Indian Empire |
Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
1928 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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| Keywords |
hunting; big-game; India; browse; big; game; 2000 |
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| Publisher |
Constable |
Place of Publication |
London |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 12 |
Serial |
938 |
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| Author |
Stockley, G. |
| Title |
Stalking in the Himalayas and Northern India |
Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
1936 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Himalaya; India; hunting; big-game; browse; big game; big; game; 2010 |
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| Publisher |
Herbert Jenkins |
Place of Publication |
London |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 13 |
Serial |
939 |
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| Author |
Sundberg, J.P.; Van Ranst, M.; Montali, R.; Homer, B.L.; Miller, W.H.; Rowland, P.H.; Scott, D.W.; England, J.J.; Dunstan, R.W.; Mikaelian, I.; Jenson, A.B. |
| Title |
Feline papillomas and papillomaviruses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Vet Pathol |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
37 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-10 |
| Keywords |
Animal; Antibodies; Monoclonal; Carnivora; pathology; virology; Cats; Dna; Viral; chemistry; Epitope; Mapping; veterinary; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Lions; Male; Microscopy; Electron; Papilloma; Papillomavirus; Papovaviridae; Infections; skin; neoplasms; Tongue; browse; 120 |
| Abstract |
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are highly species- and site-specific pathogens of stratified squamous epithelium. Although PV infections in the various Felidae are rarely reported, we identified productive infections in six cat species. PV-induced proliferative skin or mucous membrane lesions were confirmed by immunohistochemical screening for papillomavirus-specific capsid antigens. Seven monoclonal antibodies, each of which reacts with an immunodominant antigenic determinant of the bovine papillomavirus L1 gene product, revealed that feline PV capsid epitopes were conserved to various degrees. This battery of monoclonal antibodies established differential expression patterns among cutaneous and oral PVs of snow leopards and domestic cats, suggesting that they represent distinct viruses. Clinically, the lesions in all species and anatomic sites were locally extensive and frequently multiple. Histologically, the areas of epidermal hyperplasia were flat with a similarity to benign tumors induced by cutaneotropic, carcinogenic PVs in immunosuppressed human patients. Limited restriction endonuclease analyses of viral genomic DNA confirmed the variability among three viral genomes recovered from available frozen tissue. Because most previous PV isolates have been species specific, these studies suggest that at least eight different cat papillomaviruses infect the oral cavity (tentative designations: Asian lion, Panthera leo, P1PV; snow leopard, Panthera uncia, PuPV-1; bobcat, Felis rufus, FrPV; Florida panther, Felis concolor, FcPV; clouded leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, NnPV; and domestic cat, Felis domesticus, FdPV-2) or skin (domestic cat, F. domesticus, FdPV-1; and snow leopard, P. uncia, PuPV-2). |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0300-9858 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
Document Type: eng |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 385 |
Serial |
948 |
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| Author |
Sunquist, F. |
| Title |
Where cats and herders mix. (snow leopards in Tibet and Mongolia) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
International Wildlife |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
27 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
27-33 |
| Keywords |
Mongolia; Tibet; herder; livestock; snow-leopard; predator; prey; World-Wildlife-Foundation; habitat; reserve; park; refuge; Pakistan; China; herders; parks; protected-area; snow leopard; browse; Wwf; world wildlife foundation; 1110; snow; leopard; range; territory; central; Central Asia; asia; Animal; region; conservation; wildlife; foundation; border; sheep; Baltistan; enclosures; area; home; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; countries; country; Feed; Cats; cat; mountain; peoples; people |
| Abstract |
The snow leopard inhabits a huge range of territory which encompasses some of Central Asia's most bleak and inhospitable terrains. The animal herders in these regions are desperately poor and yet they have agreed to cooperate with conservation groups in protecting the snow leopard. The World Wildlife Foundation has worked to create a refuge on the Pakistan-China border. Sheep herders near Askole, a village in the Baltistan region of northern Paksitan, drive their flocks past stone enclosures. The area is also home to snow leopards. With their natural prey dminished, leopards in 13 countries of central Asia occasionally feed on livestock, putting the cats on a collision course with mountain peoples. |
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| Notes |
COPYRIGHT 1997 National Wildlife Federation , Jan-Feb 1997 v27 n1 p26(8) Document Type: English |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 330 |
Serial |
950 |
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| Author |
Suryawanshi, K.R.; Bhatnagar, Y.; Mishra, C. |
| Title |
Why should a grazer browse? Livestock impact on winter resource use by bharal Pseudois nayaur
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Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-10 |
| Keywords |
browse; livestock; impact; winter; resource; use; bharal; Pseudois; pseudois nayaur; Pseudois-nayaur; nayaur; diet; variation; diets; conservation; Media; study; decline; areas; area; grazing; Pressure; plants; plant; sign; feeding; location; population; structure; populations; using; young; Female; times; High; Competition; species; predators; predator; endangered; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya |
| Abstract |
Many mammalian herbivores show a temporal diet variation between graminoid-dominated and browse dominated diets. We determined the causes of such a diet shift and its implications for conservation of a medium sized ungulate-the bharal Pseudois nayaur. Past studies show that the bharal diet is dominated by graminoids (>80%) during summer, but the contribution of graminoids declines to about 50% in winter. We tested the predictions generated by two alternative hypotheses explaining the decline: low graminoid availability during winter causes bharal to include browse in their diet; bharal include browse, with relatively higher nutritional quality, in their diet to compensate for the poor quality of graminoids during winter. We measured winter graminoid availability in areas with no livestock grazing, areas with relatively moderate livestock grazing, and those with intense livestock grazing pressures. The chemical composition of plants contributing to the bharal diet was analysed. The bharal diet was quantiWed through signs of feeding on vegetation at feeding locations. Population structures of bharal populations were recorded using a total count method. Graminoid availability was highest in areas without livestock grazing, followed by areas with moderate and intense livestock grazing. The bharal diet was dominated by graminoids (73%) in areas with highest graminoid availability. Graminoid contribution to the bharal diet declined monotonically (50, 36%) with a decline in graminoid availability. Bharal young to female ratio was 3 times higher in areas with high graminoid availability than areas with low graminoid availability. The composition of the bharal winter diet was governed predominantly by the availability of graminoids in the rangelands. Our results suggest that bharal include more browse in their diet during winter due to competition from livestock for graminoids. Since livestock grazing reduces graminoid availability, creation of livestock-free areas is necessary for the conservation of grazing species such as the bharal and its predators including the endangered snow leopard in the Trans-Himalaya. |
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Springer-Verlag |
Place of Publication |
Online |
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| Notes |
This study was made possible by a grant from the Snow Leopard Network. Additional support was given by the Wildlife Conservation Society-India Program and Nature Conservation Foundation, the Whitley Fund for Nature, the Ford Foundation, and the Nadathur Conservation Trust. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1062 |
Serial |
951 |
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| Author |
Suryawanshi, K.R. |
| Title |
Towards snow leopard prey recovery: understanding the resource use strategies and demographic responses of bharal Pseudois nayaur to livestock grazing and removal; Final project report |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-43 |
| Keywords |
project; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; network; conservation; program; prey; recovery; resource; use; strategy; demographic; Response; bharal; Pseudois; pseudois nayaur; Pseudois-nayaur; nayaur; livestock; grazing; Report; decline; wild; populations; population; Himalayan; region; Competition; threats; threat; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; study; diet; winter; Test; browse; nutrition; areas; area; young; Female; times; High; Adult; mortality; species; predators; predator; endangered; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya |
| Abstract |
Decline of wild prey populations in the Himalayan region, largely due to competition with livestock, has been identified as one of the main threats to the snow leopard Uncia uncia. Studies show that bharal Pseudois nayaur diet is dominated by graminoids during summer, but the proportion of graminoids declines in winter. We explore the causes for the decline of graminoids from bharal winter diet and resulting implications for bharal conservation. We test the predictions generated by two alternative hypotheses, (H1) low graminoid availability caused by livestock grazing during winter causes bharal to include browse in their diet, and, (H2) bharal include browse, with relatively higher nutrition, to compensate for the poor quality of graminoids during winter. Graminoid availability was highest in areas without livestock grazing, followed by areas with moderate and intense livestock grazing. Graminoid quality in winter was relatively lower than that of browse, but the difference was not statistically significant. Bharal diet was dominated by graminoids in areas with highest graminoid availability. Graminoid contribution to bharal diet declined monotonically with a decline in graminoid availability. Bharal young to female ratio was three times higher in areas with high graminoid availability than areas with low graminoid availability. No starvation-related adult mortalities were observed in any of the areas. Composition of bharal winter diet was governed predominantly by the availability of graminoids in the rangelands. Since livestock grazing reduces graminoid availability, creation of livestock free areas is necessary for conservation of grazing species such as the bharal and its predators such as the endangered snow leopard in the Trans-Himalaya. |
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| Notes |
Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program, 2008. Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysore. Post-graduate Program in Wildlife Biology and Conservation, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Wildlife Conservation Society -India program, Bangalore, India. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1077 |
Serial |
952 |
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Taryannikov, V.I. |
| Title |
Distribution, biology and current state of the number of the rare predatory mammals in W. Gissar. The Ecology, Protection, and Acclimatization of Vertebrates in Uzbekistan |
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Book Whole |
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1986 |
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Uzbekistan; Gissar; distribution; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; 2600 |
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Tashkent |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 89 |
Serial |
958 |
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Thorel, M.F.; Karoui, C.; Varnerot, A.; Fleury, C.; Vincent, V. |
| Title |
Isolation of Mycobacterium bovis from baboons, leopards and a sea-lion |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Vet Res |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
29 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
207-212 |
| Keywords |
Animal; Animals; zoo; Carnivora; microbiology; Case; Report; Cattle; Dna; Fingerprinting; Transposable; Elements; Disease; Outbreaks; veterinary; France; Genome; Bacterial; Germany; Male; Monkey; Diseases; diagnosis; epidemiology; Mycobacterium; Infections; bovis; classification; isolation; purification; Papio; Seals; browse; 440 |
| Abstract |
This study reports on two series of cases of Mycobacterium bovis infection in zoo animals. The first was in a captive population of baboons (Papio hamadryas) and the second in a mixed group of wild mammals, including four leopards (Panthera uncia and Panthera pardus) and a sea-lion (Otaria byrona). The isolation and identification of strains of M. bovis confirmed the presence of M. bovis infections in both zoos. The epidemiological study using genetic markers such as the IS6110-based DNA fingerprinting system made it possible to differentiate between M. bovis strains. The M. bovis strains isolated from baboons were shown to contain a single IS6110 copy, as usually do cattle isolates, whereas the M. bovis strains isolated from the other exotic animals presented multiple copies. This finding suggests that the origin of the contamination for the baboons in zoo A could be related to cattle. The origin of the contamination for the leopards and sea-lion in zoo B is more difficult to determine. In conclusion, the authors suggest some recommendations for avoiding outbreaks of tuberculosis infections in zoos. |
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0928-4249 |
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| Notes |
Document Type: eng |
Approved |
no |
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SLN @ rana @ 346 |
Serial |
966 |
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Trepanier, L.A.; Cribb, A.E.; Spielberg, S.P.; Ray, K. |
| Title |
Deficiency of cytosolic arylamine N-acetylation in the domestic cat and wild felids caused by the presence of a single NAT1-like gene |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Pharmacogenetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
169-179 |
| Keywords |
Acetylation; Amino; Acid; Sequence; Animal; Arylamine; N-Acetyltransferase; metabolism; Base; Blotting; Southern; Carnivora; genetics; Cats; Cytosol; enzymology; Dna; Human; Isoenzymes; Liver; Molecular; Data; Polymerase; Chain; Reaction; Rabbits; Homology; Nucleic Acid; Substrate; Specificity; Support; U.S.Gov't; P.H.S.; browse; nucleic; us; government; 130 |
| Abstract |
The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular basis for a relative deficiency in the cat of cytosolic arylamine N- acetyltransferase (NAT), an enzyme family that is important in the metabolism of xenobiotics and that normally consists of at least two related enzymes, NAT1 and NAT2. N-acetyltransferase in feline liver showed high affinity (mean Km = 2.1 microM) for p-aminobenzoic acid, an NAT1 selective substrate in humans and rabbits, but showed a very poor affinity (mean Km > 10 mM) for sulfamethazine, an NAT2 selective substrate in humans and rabbits. Immunoreactive N-acetyltransferase was detected in feline liver, bladder and colon using an NAT1-specific antipeptide antibody, but was not detected in any tissues using an NAT2- specific antibody. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA demonstrated a single band in domestic cats using each of six restriction digests; single bands were also found on Southern blot analysis of six wild felids. The deduced amino acid sequence of the central portion of feline N-acetyltransferase, obtained by polymerase chain reaction amplification in both domestic cats and seven wild felids (lion, tiger, lynx, snow leopard, bobcat, Asian leopard cat and cheetah), contained three residues, Phe125, Arg127, and Tyr129, which determine NAT1-like substrate specificity in humans. These results support the conclusion that cytosolic arylamine N-acetylation activity is low in the cat because of the presence of a single N-acetyltransferase that has substrate specificity, immunogenicity and sequence characteristics similar to human NAT1, and that the unusual presence of only a single N- acetyltransferase gene appears to be a family wide trait shared by other felids. |
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0960-314x |
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| Notes |
Document Type: eng |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 345 |
Serial |
968 |
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