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Author Oli, M. url 
  Title Snow leopards and blue sheep in Nepal: Densities and predator: Prey ratio Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1994 Publication Journal of Mammalogy Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 75 Issue Pages 998-1004  
  Keywords snow leopard,Panthera uncia,blue sheep,Pseudois nayaur,density,predator:prey ratio,harvest rate,livestock predation,Nepal  
  Abstract I studied snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in Manang District, Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal, to estimate numbers and analyze predatorprey interactions. Five to seven adult leopards used the 105-km2 study area, a density of 4.8 to 6.7 leopards/100 km2. Density of blue sheep was 6.6-10.2 sheep/km2, and biomass density was 304 kg/km2. Estimated relative biomass consumed by snow leopards suggested that blue sheep were the most important prey; marmots (Marmota himalayana) also contributed significantly to the diet of snow leopards. Snow leopards in Manang were estimated to harvest 9-20% of total biomass and 11-24% of total number of blue sheep annually. Snow leopard :blue sheep ratio was 1 :1 14-1 :159 on a weight basis, which was considered sustainable given the importance of small mammals in the leopard's diet and the absence of other competing predators.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 894 Serial 741  
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Author Oli, M.K. url 
  Title Ecology and conservation of snow leopard project Type Report
  Year 1991 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 6628 Issue Pages 1-9  
  Keywords 1990; conservation; ecology; Report; snow leopard; Wwf  
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  Notes WWF Project #6628: progress report 2 for the period December 1990 – March 1991. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 984 Serial 743  
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Author Oli, M.K. url 
  Title A key for the identification of the hair of mammals of a snow leopard (Panthera uncia) habitat in Nepal Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Journal of Zoology London Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 231 Issue 1 Pages 71-93  
  Keywords Nepal; snow leopard; scats; Hair; diet; identification; Panthera-uncia; browse; panthera uncia; panthera; uncia; 780  
  Abstract Analysis of prey remains in scats, particularly hairs, in widely used to study diet of mammalian predators, but identification of hair is often difficult because hair structures vary considerably both within and between species. Use of photographic reference of diagnostically important hair structures from mammals occurring in a predator's habitat has been found to be convenient for routine identification. A photographic reference key was developed for the identification of hairs of the mammals known to occur in a snow leopard (Panthera uncia) habitat in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. The key included a photographic reference of the diagnostic hair structures of nine species of wild and five species of domestic mammals. The cross-sectional appearance, shape and arrangement of medulla, the ratio of cortex to medulla, and the form and distribution of pigment in medulla and cortex were important diagnostic aids in the identification of hairs.  
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  Notes Document Type: English Call Number: QL1 .J879 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 207 Serial 745  
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Author Oli, M.K. url 
  Title Snow leopards and blue sheep in Nepal: Densities and predator: prey ratio Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Journal of Mammalogy Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages 998-1004  
  Keywords Nepal; blue-sheep; prey; livestock; predation; blue; sheep; browse; 740; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; blue sheep; densities; density; predator  
  Abstract I studied snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in Manang District, Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal, to estimate numbers and analyze predator-prey interactions. Five to seven adult leopards used the 10-5-km-2 study area, a density of 4.8 to 6.7 leopards/100 km-2. Density of blue sheep was 6.6 10.2 sheep/km-2, and biomass density was 304 kg/km-2. Estimated relative biomass consumed by snow leopards suggested that blue sheep were the most important prey; marmots (Marmota himalayana) also contributed significantly to the diel of snow leopards Snow leopards in Manang were estimated to harvest 9-20% of total biomass and 11-24% of total number of blue sheep annually. Snow leopard: blue sheep ratio was 1:114-1:159 on a weight basis, which was considered sustainable given the importance of small mammals in the leopard's diet and the absence of other competing predators.  
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  Notes Document Type: English Call Number: 599.05 JO Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 236 Serial 746  
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Author Oli, M.K.; Taylor, I.R.; Rogers, M.E. url 
  Title Snow leopard Panthera unica predation of livestock: An assessment of local perceptions in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 63-68  
  Keywords predation; livestock; herders; goat; sheep; oxen; horse; Panthera-uncia; Nepal; snow-leopard; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; public attitudes; snow leopard; browse; panthera uncia; uncia; panthera; annapurna conservation area; annapurna; conservation; area; public; attitudes; 750  
  Abstract Public attitudes towards snow leopard Panthera uncia predation of domestic livestock were investigated by a questionnaire survey of four villages in snow leopard habitat within the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. Most local inhabitants were subsistence farmers, many dependent upon yaks, oxen, horses and goats, with an average livestock holding of 26.6 animals per household. Reported losses to snow leopards averaged 0.6 and 0.7 animals per household in two years of study, constituting 2.6% of total stockholding but representing in monetary terms almost a quarter of the average annual Nepali national per capita income. Local people held strongly negative attitudes towards snow leopards and most suggested that total extermination of leopards was the only acceptable solution to the predation problem. Snow leopards were reported to be killed by herdsmen in defence of their livestock. The long-term success of snow leopard conservation programmes may depend upon the satisfactory resolution of the predation conflict. Some possible ways of reducing predation losses are also discussed.  
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  Notes Document Type: English Call Number: S900 .B5 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 237 Serial 747  
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Author Oli, M.K. url 
  Title The Snow Leopard Dilema: Will they Persist Type Conference Article
  Year 1995 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 433-441  
  Keywords asia; Uncia-uncia; conservation; snow-leopard; protection; fur; medicine; livestock; predation; habitat; uncia; snow; leopard; snow leopard; browse; 920  
  Abstract  
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  Notes Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Mississippi State University, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 Title, Monographic: 1995 AZA Regional Conference Proceedings Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 274 Serial 749  
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Author Oli, M.K.; Rogers, E.M. url 
  Title Seasonal pattern in group size and population composition of blue sheep in Manang, Nepal Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication Journal of Wildlife Management Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 797-801  
  Keywords prey; snow leopard; panthera uncia; Nepal; annapurna conservation area; predator; blue; sheep; browse; Panthera-uncia; panthera; uncia; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; annapurna; conservation; area; 650  
  Abstract Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) are the principal prey of the endangered snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in the Himalayas and adjacent ranges. We studied group size and population composition of blue sheep in Manang District, Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. Overall mean group size was 15.6 (SE = 1.3), but it varied seasonally (P lt 0.001), with significantly smaller groups in winter than in other seasons. Mixed groups were most numerous in all seasons, and there was no evidence of sexual segregation. Yearling sex ratio (93.7 M:100 F) did not vary seasonally, nor did the ratio deviate from parity. Adult sex ratio showed a seasonal pattern favoring males post-parturition but female-biased during the rut and pre-parturition. Seasonal variation in sex-specific mortality is offered as a plausible explanation for the observed pattern in adult sex ratio.  
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  Notes Document Type: English Call Number: 639.105 JO Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 288 Serial 750  
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Author Oli, M.K. url 
  Title Seasonal patterns in habitat use of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) in Nepal Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication Mammalia Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 187-193  
  Keywords blue-sheep; snow-leopard; Panthera-uncia; Nepal; conservation; prey; predator; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; panthera; uncia; 670  
  Abstract Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) are the main prey of the endangered snow leopard (Panthera uncia) as well as an important game species in Nepal. A knowledge of how blue sheep utilize their habitat is essential for the scientific management of the sheep and for the conservation of the snow leopard, but we only have a limited understanding of this aspect of blue sheep ecology. I studied the habitat use pattern of blue sheep by direct observation in the Anna-purna Conservation Area, Nepal where they occur sympatrically with the snow leopard. The sheep used grassland habitats more frequently during pre-parturition (spring) and post-parturition (autumn) than other habitat types, but scrub and grassland habitats were used equally frequently during the rut (winter). The sheep used smooth undulating slopes of medium steepness (<40 degrees) on southerly aspects within the elevation range of 4,200-4,600 m most frequently in all seasons, and there was no evidence of seasonal migration along the elevation gradient. When not in broken landforms (e.g., cliff, landslides), the sheep maintained proximity (less than or equal to 150 m) to such features suggesting their importance as escape cover (i.e., from predators). The use of habitat components by blue sheep appeared to be related to the distribution of foraging areas and escape cover.  
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  Notes UNIV EDINBURGH,INST CELL ANIM & POPULAT BIOL,EDINBURGH EH9 3JT,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLANDANNAPURNA CONSERVAT AREA PROJECT,KATMANDU,NEPAL /Publisher:MUSEUM NAT HIST NATURELLE, PARIS Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 289 Serial 751  
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Author Oli, M.K.; Taylor, K.R.; Rogers, M.E. url 
  Title Snow leopard Panthera uncia predation of livestock: An assessment of local perceptions in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1994 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 68 Issue Pages 63-68  
  Keywords snow leopard,blue sheep,livestock predation,public attitudes,Annapurna Conservation Area,Nepal.  
  Abstract Public attitudes towards snow leopard Panthera uncia predation of domestic livestock were investigated by a questionnaire survey of four villages in snow leopard habitat within the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal Most local inhabitants were subsistence farmers, many dependent upon yaks, oxen, horses and goats, with an average livestock holding of 26.6 animals per household. Reported losses to snow leopards averaged 0.6 and O. 7 animals per household in two years of study, constituting 2.6% of total stockholding but representing in monetary terms almost a quarter of the average annual Nepali national per capita income. Local people hem strongly negative attitudes towards snow leopards and most suggested that total extermination of leopards was the only acceptable solution to the predation problem. Snow leopards were reported to be killed by herdsmen in defence of their livestock. The long-term success of snow leopard conservation programmes may depend upon the satisfactory resolution of the predation conflict. Some possible ways of reducing predation losses are also discussed.  
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  Publisher Place of Publication Editor (up)  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 893 Serial 753  
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Author Omar, K. url 
  Title Gift of snow leopard cub concern conservationists Type Newspaper Article
  Year 1986 Publication Unknown Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords cub; snow leopard; zoo  
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  Notes Karachi Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 986 Serial 754  
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Author Panwar, H.S. url 
  Title Report on the snow leopard research project of Wildlife Institute of India Type Report
  Year 1988 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-2  
  Keywords Himalaya; Himalayas; India; international snow leopard trust; research; snow leopard; survey  
  Abstract Snow leopard survey conducted in Indian Himalayas between November 1985 and July 1986.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 987 Serial 759  
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Author Peden, W.M.; Richard, J.L.; Trampel, D.W.; Brannian, R.E. url 
  Title Mycotic pneumonia and meningoencephalitis due to Aspergillus terreus in a neonatal snow leopard (Panthera uncia) Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1985 Publication Journal of Wildlife Diseases Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 21 Issue Pages 301-305  
  Keywords Aspergillus; hand rearing; Meningoencephalitis; panthera uncia; Pneumonia; snow leopard; zoological  
  Abstract On 14 May 1983, two female snow leopard (Panthera uncia) cubs were born in the Kansas City Zoological Gardens to a primiparous female. The female showed little interest in the cubs, one of which had a body temperature of 30 C, so they were removed for hand-rearing. On 15 May, one cub was less active, and did not nurse as well as its littermate.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 895 Serial 765  
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Author Pedevillano, C. url 
  Title Stalking the snow leopard's haunts Type Manuscript
  Year 1996 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords irbis; snow leopard; wildlife; sacred; Sacred-Earth-Network; earth; network  
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  Notes Author is wildlife bilogist for the Sacred Earth Network. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 990 Serial 766  
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Author Pfeil, A.; Lucker, H.; Pfeil, I.   
  Title Leiomyoma in the urinary bladder of a female snow leopard (Uncia uncia, Schreber, 1776) Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Tier„rztliche Praxis Kleintiere Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 40-44  
  Keywords Bladder; captive; diagnostic; Female; german; leopard; origin; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; surgery; therapy; uncia; Uncia-uncia; Uncia uncia; urinary; veterinary; zoo  
  Abstract Summary

A leiomyoma of the urinary bladder in a 14-year-old female snow leopard exhibiting bloody vaginal discharge was removed by partial cystectomy. Gravel (struvite) was found in the urine of the inflammatory bladder. Additionally ovario-hysterectomy was performed. Histological findings showed a glandular-cystic hyperplasia. Tumors of the bladder are very rare in cats. Specifically the benign tumors of the bladder very often have no clinical relevance and rarely result in bladder dysfunction. Therefore they might remain undiagnosed in many cases, particularly since the diagnostic procedure in big cats is very extensive. Leiomyoma of the bladder in snow leopards have not been described yet. The present paper describes the surgery performed, the succeeding therapy, the struvit prophylaxis, and discusses the aetiology of the leiomyoma's origin on the basis of current literature. Zusammenfassung

Bei einer 14-j„hrigen Schneeleopardin mit blutigem Vaginalausfluss wurde ein Leiomyom der Blase durch partielle Zystektomie entfernt. Im Urin und in der entzndeten Blase konnte Grieá (Struvit) nachgewiesen werden. Gleichzeitig wurde eine Ovariohysterektomie durchgefhrt. Der histologische Befund ergab eine glandul„r-zystische Hyperplasie des Endometriums. Tumoren der Harnblase sind bei Katzen sehr selten. Vor allem benigne Blasentumoren haben oft keine klinische Relevanz und fhren selten zu Blasenfunktionsst”rungen. Es ist daher m”glich, dass sie insbesondere bei Groákatzen wegen der aufwendigen Diagnostik bersehen werden. Leiomyome in der Blase sind beim Schneeleoparden bisher nicht beschrieben. In diesem Artikel werden die durchgefhrte Operation, die folgende Therapie und Struvitprophylaxe beschrieben sowie m”gliche Žtiologien der Entstehung des Leiomyoms anhand der Literatur diskutiert.
 
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  Notes In German. Title: Leiomyom in der Blase bei einem weiblichen Schneeleoparden (Uncia uncia, Schreber, 1776). Aus dem Zoologischen Garten Dresden (Direktor: Dr. H. Lcker) und der Tier„rztlichen Klinik Dr. I. Pfeil, Dresden. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1055 Serial 772  
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Author Polking, V.F. url 
  Title Schneelleopard Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication Das Tier Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 8-15  
  Keywords german; McCarthy; Mongolia; snow leopard  
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  Notes Document Type: German; color magazine Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 297 Serial 783  
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Author Prakash, I. url 
  Title Asian predators of livestock Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Parasites, pests and predators.World animal science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume B2 Issue Pages 405-410  
  Keywords predators; asia; snow-leopard; livestock; status; prey; Panthera-uncia; distribution; predator; snow leopard; browse; panthera uncia; panthera; uncia; 870  
  Abstract Outlines the distribution, status and predatory behaviour on livestock of Chinese alligator Alligator sinensis, gharial Gavialis gangeticus and several species of Crocodylus and Python; and of wolf Canis lupus, Asiatic jackal C. aureus, dhole (Indian wild dog) Cuon alpinus, brown bear Ursus arctos, Asiatic black bear Selenarctos thibetanus, striped hyaena Hyaena hyaena, clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa, leopard (panther) Panthera pardus, tiger P. tigris, lion P. leo, snow leopard P. uncia, other Felidae and Viverridae. -P.J.Jarvis  
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  Notes ED: Gaafar,-S.M.; et-al. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 84 Serial 791  
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Author Raghavan, B.; Bhatnagar, Y.; Qureshi, Q. url 
  Title Interactions between livestock and Ladakh urial (Ovis vignei vignei); final report Type Report
  Year 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-46  
  Keywords Interactions; interaction; livestock; Ladakh; urial; ovis; endangered; Animal; Iucn; 2000; Cites; indian; wildlife; protection; number; 1960; 70; hunting; meat; fox; Chundawat; population; range; species; recent; humans; Human; Pressure; habitat; areas; area; human activity; activity; activities; agriculture; pastoralism; development; dam; Base; threats; threat; poaching; grazing; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya; Competition; resource; presence; India; project; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trust; program  
  Abstract The Ladakh urial (Ovis vignei vignei) is a highly endangered animal (IUCN Red List 2000) listed in the Appendix 1 of CITES and Schedule 1 of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act 1972. Its numbers had been reduced to a few hundred individuals in the 1960s and 70s through hunting for trophies and meat (Fox et al. 1991, Mallon 1983, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, IUCN Red List 2000). However, with the protection bestowed by the IWPA 1972, and resultant decrease in hunting, the population seems to have shown a marginal increase to about 1000-1500 individuals in its range in Ladakh (Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, IUCN Red List 2000). Although the species had in the past, been able to coexist with the predominantly Buddhist society of Ladakh, the recent increase in the population of both humans and their livestock has placed immense pressures on its habitat (Shackleton 1997, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2003). This is especially important considering that the Ladakh urial habitat coincides with the areas of maximum human activity in terms of settlements, agriculture, pastoralism and development, in Ladakh (Fox et al. 1991, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2003). Increased developmental activities such as construction of roads, dams, and military bases in these areas have also increased the access to their habitat. This has consequently made the species more vulnerable to the threats of poaching and habitat destruction (Fox et al. 1991, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2002). Pressure from increased livestock grazing is one of the major threats faced by the species today (Shackleton 1997, Fox et al. 1991, Mallon 1983, IUCN Red List 2000 Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2003). In the impoverished habitat provided by the Trans-Himalayas, there is great competition for the scarce resources between various animal species surviving here (Fox 1996, Mishra 2001). The presence of livestock intensifies this competition and can either force the species out of its niche (competitive exclusion) by displacing it from that area or resource, or lead to partitioning of resources between the species, spatially or temporally, for coexistence (Begon et al. 1986, Gause 1934).  
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  Notes Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program. Wildlife Institute of India. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1075 Serial 802  
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Author Raj, R.D. url 
  Title A Green Chief Minister in a Green State Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 4  
  Keywords India; snow-leopard; management; ecology; parks; reserves; snow leopard; browse; 1050  
  Abstract As chief minister of the Indian state of Sikkim, Pawan Kumar Chamling has the onerous job of protecting one of the hottest biodiversity properties in the world. Chamling has been more than equal to the task. Last month, he earned the title of “greenest chief minister” of India's 22 federal states for policies that range from banning plastic bags to cancelling a major hydro-electric project.  
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  Notes Copyright (c) 1999 Inter Press Service Journal Title: Inter Press Service Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 369 Serial 803  
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Author Rana, B.S. url 
  Title Distinguishing kills of two large mammalian predators in Spiti Valley Himachal Pradesh Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication J.Bombay Nat.Hist.Soc Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 94 Issue 3 Pages 553  
  Keywords behavior; endangered; threatened species; foods; feeding; mammals; predation; wildlife; livestock relationships; snow leopard; Tibetan wolf; prey; livestock; India; panthera uncia; canis lupis; browse; threatened; species; relationships; tibetan; wolf; panthera; uncia; canis; lupis; 610  
  Abstract The author studied livestock killed by predators in the Spiti Valley, India, to determine what species had killed yaks, horses, donkeys, and other domestic animals. Eleven of the kills examined were made by snow leopards and six by the Tibetan wolf. Wolves were involved in surplus killings, while snow leopards kill as food is needed. lgh  
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  Notes Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 326 Serial 804  
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Author Reed-Smith, J.; Kumpf, M. url 
  Title Snow leopards (Uncia uncia): family group management alternatives Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Anim.Keepers' Forum Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 25 Issue 10 Pages 386-391  
  Keywords behavior; captive-animal-care; endangered; threatened-species; intraspecies-relationships; mammals; techniques; zoos; snow leopard; husbandry; browse; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; intraspecies; relationships; 1300  
  Abstract The authors offer insights into creating family groups of snow leopards in zoos. The programs at the Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado, and at John Ball Zoological Gardens, Grand Rapids, Michigan, are highlighted. lgh.  
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  Notes Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 340 Serial 814  
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Author Riordan, P. url 
  Title Unsupervised recognition of individual tigers and snow leopards from their footprints Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1998 Publication Animal Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 1 Issue Pages 253-262  
  Keywords captive; panthera tigris; panthera uncia; snow leopard; techniques; tiger  
  Abstract This study presents the testing of two unsupervised classification methods for their ability to accurately identify unknown individual tigers, Panthera tigris, and snow leopards, Panthera uncia, from their footprints. A neural-network based method, the Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM), and a Bayesian method, AutoClass, were assessed using hind footprints taken from captive animals under standardized conditions. AutoClass successfully discriminated individuals of both species from their footprints. Classification accuracy was greatest for tigers, with more misclassification of individuals occurring for snow leopards. Examination of variable influence on class formations failed to identify consistently influential measurements for either species. The self-organizing map did not provide accurate classification of individuals for either species. Results were not substantially improved by altering map dimensions nor by using principal components derived from the original data. The interpretation of resulting classifications and the importance of using such techniques in the study of wild animal populations are discussed. The need for further testing in the field is highlighted.  
  Address  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 896 Serial 823  
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Author Rishi, V. url 
  Title Snow leopards breed at Darjeeling Zoo Type Journal Article
  Year 1989 Publication Zoo's Print Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-4  
  Keywords India; snow leopard; zoo  
  Abstract  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 988 Serial 824  
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Author Rothschild, B.M.; Rothschild, C.; Woods, R.J.   
  Title Inflammatory arthritis in large cats: An expanded spectrum of spondyloarthropathy Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages 279-284  
  Keywords Acinonyx-jubatus; cheetah; Felidae; Felis-concolor; mountain-lion; Felis-pardalis; ocelot; Panthera-leo; African-lion; Panthera-onca; jaguar; Panthera-pardus; leopard; Panthera-tigris; tiger; Panthera-uncia; snow-leopard; snow leopard; Acinonyx; jubatus; felis; concolor; mountain; lion; pardalis; panthera; leo; african; onca; pardus; tigris; uncia; browse; 1240  
  Abstract Spondyloarthropathy was documented for the first time in 14 (3.7%) of 386 large cats, affecting eight species belonging to three genera. The limited distribution of joint erosions, associated with spine and sacroiliac joint pathology, was indistinguishable from that occurring in humans with spondyloarthropathy of the reactive type. This form of inflammatory arthritis is almost twice as common as osteoarthritis (for felids as a whole), and animal well-being may be enhanced by its recognition and by initiation of specific treatment.  
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  Notes Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 353 Serial 832  
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Author Rude, K. url 
  Title Aiding the elusive snow leopard Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Endangered Species Technical Bulletin Reprint Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 1-6  
  Keywords snow leopard; management; resource  
  Abstract  
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  Publisher Wildland Management Center, School of Natural Resources, The University of Michigan. Place of Publication Michigan Editor (up)  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Special reprint issue. Wildland Management Center, School of Natural Resources, The University of Michigan. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 989 Serial 834  
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Author Sangay, T.; Vernes, K. url 
  Title Human-wildlife conflict in the Kingdom of Bhutan: Patterns of livestock predation by large mammalian carnivores Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2008 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 141 Issue Pages 1272-1282  
  Keywords bear; Bhutan; compensation; conflict; Himalayas; leopard; livestock; predation; snow leopard; tiger  
  Abstract We examined predation activity throughout Bhutan by tiger (Panthera tigris), common leopard (Panthera pardus), snow leopard (Uncia uncia) and Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibetanus) on a variety of livestock types using data gathered over the first two years (2003-2005) of a compensation scheme for livestock losses. One thousand three hundred and seventy five kills were documented, with leopards killing significantly more livestock (70% of all kills),

than tigers (19%), bears (8%) and snow leopards (2%). About 50% of livestock killing were of cattle, and about 33% were of horses, with tigers, leopards and snow leopards killing a significantly greater proportion of horses than predicted from availability. Examination of cattle kills showed that leopards killed a significantly greater proportion of smaller prey (e.g., calves), whereas tigers killed a significantly greater proportion of larger prey (e.g., bulls). Overall, livestock predation was greatest in summer and autumn which corresponded with a peak in cropping agriculture; livestock are turned out to pasture and forest during the cropping season, and subsequently, are less well guarded than at other times. Across Bhutan, high horse density and low cattle and yak density were associated with high rates of livestock attack, but no relationship was found with forest cover or human population density. Several northern districts were identified as 'predation hotspots', where proportions of livestock lost to predation were considerable, and the ratio of reported kills to relative abundance of livestock was high. Implications of our findings for mitigating livestock losses and for conserving large carnivores in Bhutan are discussed.
 
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 903 Serial 842  
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