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Snow Leopard Bibliography

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Author Roth, T.L.; Howard, J.G.; Donoghue, A.M.; Swanson, W.F.; Wildt, D.E. url 
  Title Function and culture requirements of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) spermatozoa in vitro Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication J Reprod Fertil Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 101 Issue 3 Pages 563-569  
  Keywords Animal; Carnivora; physiology; Cell; survival; Cells; Cultured; Comparative; study; Culture; Media; Female; Male; Pentoxifylline; Sperm; Motility; Ovum; Interactions; Spermatozoa; cytology; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; U.S.Gov't; P.H.S.; browse; non; us; gov't; government; 190  
  Abstract Electroejaculates from eight snow leopards were used to determine how the motility of spermatozoa was influenced by (i) type of media (Ham's F10, PBS, human tubal fluid or RPMI-1640); (ii) holding temperature (23 degrees C versus 37 degrees C); (iii) washing of spermatozoa and (iv) a sperm metabolic enhancer, pentoxifylline. The duration of sperm motility was assessed by evaluating samples in each treatment every hour for 6 h and a sperm motility index (a value combining percentage sperm motility and rate of forward progression) calculated. Spermatozoa from the Ham's F10, PBS and PBS plus pentoxifylline treatments were also co-incubated with zona-intact, domestic cat eggs that were fixed and evaluated for spermatozoa bound to the zona pellucida, penetrating the outer and inner layers of the zona pellucida and within the perivitelline space. During the 6 h co-incubation, the sperm motility index in PBS with pentoxifylline was greater (P < 0.05) than in PBS alone which, in turn, was greater (P < 0.05) than in the other three test media. Washing the spermatozoa enhanced (P < 0.05) motility in both PBS and PBS plus pentoxifylline relative to unwashed samples, but there was no effect (P > 0.05) of holding temperature. Pentoxifylline supplementation enhanced (P < 0.05) the proportion of cat eggs with bound, but not penetrated, snow leopard spermatozoa in the inner layer of the zona pellucida, and there were no spermatozoa in the perivitelline space.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-4251 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 253 Serial 828  
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Author Johnson, D. url 
  Title The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation goes international Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Endangered Species Update, A Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue 10 Pages A10  
  Keywords Nfwf; India; asia; siberia; endangered-species; snow-leopard; managemnet; conservation; snow leopard; browse; endangered; species; 1150  
  Abstract Abstract: The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) which is a conservation organization created in 1984 aims to conserve the species on an international context before they are endangered which will enable a more effective conservation procedure. The NFWF has addressed the causes of endangered species in India and South Asia such as the tiger, Indian wolf and the snow leopard and has supported the conservation efforts of the Siberian tiger. It has cooperated with multi-national organizations to evaluate the best strategy that could be adopted to prevent a future extinction of several species and has supported CITES programs  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 254 Serial 500  
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Author Johnston, L.A.; Armstrong, D.L.; Brown, J.L. url 
  Title Seasonal effects on seminal and endocrine traits in the captive snow leopard (Panthera uncia) Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication J Reprod Fertil Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 102 Issue 1 Pages 229-236  
  Keywords Animal; Carnivora; physiology; Comparative; study; Fsh; Blood; Gonadotropins; Pituitary; Lh; Male; Seasons; Semen; Sperm; Motility; Spermatozoa; cytology; Testosterone; browse; 180  
  Abstract The annual reproductive cycle of the male snow leopard (Panthera uncia) was characterized by evaluating seminal and endocrine traits monthly. Testicular volume was greatest (P < 0.05) during the winter months when the quality of ejaculate was optimal. Ejaculate volume, total sperm concentration ml-1, motile sperm concentration per ejaculate, sperm morphology and sperm motility index were lowest during the summer and autumn months compared with the winter and spring. Peripheral LH, FSH and testosterone concentrations were also lowest during the summer months, increasing during the autumn just before the increase in semen quality, and were maximal during the winter months. There was a direct relationship (P < 0.01) between: (1) testosterone and testicular volume, total sperm concentration ml-1, motile sperm concentration per ejaculate and ejaculate volume, and (2) LH and testicular volume and motile sperm concentration per ejaculate. In summary, although spermatozoa were recovered throughout the year, optimal gamete quality was observed during the winter and spring. Although previous studies in felids have demonstrated seasonal effects on either seminal or endocrine traits, this is the first study to demonstrate a distinct effect of season on both pituitary and testicular function.  
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  ISSN 0022-4251 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 252 Serial 504  
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Author Kosharev, E.P. url 
  Title Snow Leopard and Turkestan Lynx Poaching in Central Asia Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Cat News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Autumn Issue 21 Pages  
  Keywords Central Asia; poaching; Russian; snow leopard; Turkestan  
  Abstract Of the many problems facing the republics of Central Asia and Kazakhstan after the break-up of the USSR, poaching of endandered animals is of particular concern. Everything is up for sale through the black market, networks of acquaintances, middlemen or even advertisements in the newspapers: horns, skins, mounted trophies, animal parts for traditional medicine. Interest in snow leopard and Turkestan lynx (Lynx lynx isabellinus Blyth), and skins and horns from mountain sheep and goats sharply increased in 1992-93, and prices grew unusually high.  
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  Notes Translated from Russian by Kathleen Braden. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 941 Serial 553  
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Author Maity, B.; Chakraborty, G.; Pradhan, K.K. url 
  Title Toxocariasis in snow leopard (Panthera unica) Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Indian Veterinary Journal Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 71 Issue 5 Pages 499-501  
  Keywords toxocariasis; India; captivity; zoo; medical; medicine; veterinary; browse; 1410  
  Abstract Spontaneous occurrence of toxocariasis (Toxocaracati) in captive snow leopards with symptoms of diarrhoea, general malaise, letherapy, dehydration, partial or complete anorexia, vomiting with or without expulsion of the ascarid is reported. Response to anthelmintic drug pyrantal pamoate along with antibacterial drug sulphadimethyl pyrimidine and supportive therapy is recorded.  
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  Notes Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 238 Serial 639  
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Author McCarthy, T. url 
  Title Update: Mongolia Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Snow Line Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Xii Issue 1 Pages 3-4  
  Keywords conservation; ecology; Mongolia; snow leopard  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Editor (up)  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 239 Serial 654  
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Author Oli, M. url 
  Title Snow leopards and blue sheep in Nepal: Densities and predator: Prey ratio Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1994 Publication Journal of Mammalogy Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 75 Issue Pages 998-1004  
  Keywords snow leopard,Panthera uncia,blue sheep,Pseudois nayaur,density,predator:prey ratio,harvest rate,livestock predation,Nepal  
  Abstract I studied snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in Manang District, Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal, to estimate numbers and analyze predatorprey interactions. Five to seven adult leopards used the 105-km2 study area, a density of 4.8 to 6.7 leopards/100 km2. Density of blue sheep was 6.6-10.2 sheep/km2, and biomass density was 304 kg/km2. Estimated relative biomass consumed by snow leopards suggested that blue sheep were the most important prey; marmots (Marmota himalayana) also contributed significantly to the diet of snow leopards. Snow leopards in Manang were estimated to harvest 9-20% of total biomass and 11-24% of total number of blue sheep annually. Snow leopard :blue sheep ratio was 1 :1 14-1 :159 on a weight basis, which was considered sustainable given the importance of small mammals in the leopard's diet and the absence of other competing predators.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 894 Serial 741  
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Author Oli, M.K. url 
  Title Snow leopards and blue sheep in Nepal: Densities and predator: prey ratio Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Journal of Mammalogy Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages 998-1004  
  Keywords Nepal; blue-sheep; prey; livestock; predation; blue; sheep; browse; 740; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; blue sheep; densities; density; predator  
  Abstract I studied snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in Manang District, Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal, to estimate numbers and analyze predator-prey interactions. Five to seven adult leopards used the 10-5-km-2 study area, a density of 4.8 to 6.7 leopards/100 km-2. Density of blue sheep was 6.6 10.2 sheep/km-2, and biomass density was 304 kg/km-2. Estimated relative biomass consumed by snow leopards suggested that blue sheep were the most important prey; marmots (Marmota himalayana) also contributed significantly to the diel of snow leopards Snow leopards in Manang were estimated to harvest 9-20% of total biomass and 11-24% of total number of blue sheep annually. Snow leopard: blue sheep ratio was 1:114-1:159 on a weight basis, which was considered sustainable given the importance of small mammals in the leopard's diet and the absence of other competing predators.  
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  Notes Document Type: English Call Number: 599.05 JO Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 236 Serial 746  
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Author Oli, M.K.; Taylor, I.R.; Rogers, M.E. url 
  Title Snow leopard Panthera unica predation of livestock: An assessment of local perceptions in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 63-68  
  Keywords predation; livestock; herders; goat; sheep; oxen; horse; Panthera-uncia; Nepal; snow-leopard; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; public attitudes; snow leopard; browse; panthera uncia; uncia; panthera; annapurna conservation area; annapurna; conservation; area; public; attitudes; 750  
  Abstract Public attitudes towards snow leopard Panthera uncia predation of domestic livestock were investigated by a questionnaire survey of four villages in snow leopard habitat within the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. Most local inhabitants were subsistence farmers, many dependent upon yaks, oxen, horses and goats, with an average livestock holding of 26.6 animals per household. Reported losses to snow leopards averaged 0.6 and 0.7 animals per household in two years of study, constituting 2.6% of total stockholding but representing in monetary terms almost a quarter of the average annual Nepali national per capita income. Local people held strongly negative attitudes towards snow leopards and most suggested that total extermination of leopards was the only acceptable solution to the predation problem. Snow leopards were reported to be killed by herdsmen in defence of their livestock. The long-term success of snow leopard conservation programmes may depend upon the satisfactory resolution of the predation conflict. Some possible ways of reducing predation losses are also discussed.  
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  Notes Document Type: English Call Number: S900 .B5 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 237 Serial 747  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Oli, M.K.; Taylor, K.R.; Rogers, M.E. url 
  Title Snow leopard Panthera uncia predation of livestock: An assessment of local perceptions in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1994 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 68 Issue Pages 63-68  
  Keywords snow leopard,blue sheep,livestock predation,public attitudes,Annapurna Conservation Area,Nepal.  
  Abstract Public attitudes towards snow leopard Panthera uncia predation of domestic livestock were investigated by a questionnaire survey of four villages in snow leopard habitat within the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal Most local inhabitants were subsistence farmers, many dependent upon yaks, oxen, horses and goats, with an average livestock holding of 26.6 animals per household. Reported losses to snow leopards averaged 0.6 and O. 7 animals per household in two years of study, constituting 2.6% of total stockholding but representing in monetary terms almost a quarter of the average annual Nepali national per capita income. Local people hem strongly negative attitudes towards snow leopards and most suggested that total extermination of leopards was the only acceptable solution to the predation problem. Snow leopards were reported to be killed by herdsmen in defence of their livestock. The long-term success of snow leopard conservation programmes may depend upon the satisfactory resolution of the predation conflict. Some possible ways of reducing predation losses are also discussed.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor (up)  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 893 Serial 753  
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