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	Author	Izold, J.
	Title	Snow Leopard Enterprise: a conservation project that saves an endangered species and supports needy families			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Anim.Keepers' Forum	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	9	Issue	5	Pages	359-364
	Keywords	snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; conservation; project; endangered; endangered species; endangered-species; species; Support; union; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; wild; Iucn; Animals; Animal; tiger; extinction; former; zoo; Freeman; trust; work; cat; community-based; projects; Sle; impact; poverty; community; Mongolia; Kyrgyz; Kyrgyz-Republic; republic; Pakistan; 300; economic; incentives; prey; sustainable; herding; number; territory; income; training; products; wool; local; local people; people; zoos; Woodland-Park-Zoo; park; zoological; ecosystem
	Abstract	The World Conservation Union listed the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) as endangered in 1974. With as few as 3,500 snow leopards left in the wild, scientists placed the snow leopard on the IUCN Red List of critically endangered species shared by animals such as the giant panda and tiger. In an effort to save the snow leopard from extinction, former zoo employee Helen Freeman founded the Snow Leopard Trust in 1981. The Snow Leopard Trust works to save this elusive cat by incorporating community-based conservation projects. One of these project Leopard Enterprise (SLE), impacts poverty stricken communities in Mongolia, Kyrgyz Republic, and Pakistan. It assists over 300 families in its conservation efforts. The economic incentives provided via SLE have led participating communities not to harm the snow leopard or its prey, and to practice sustainable herding. Since the project began in 1997, the number of snow leopards harmed around the communities' territories has dropped to near zero. Additionally, the annual income of families that utilize the benefits of SLE has increased by 25% to 40%. SLE creates this economic benefit by providing the training and equipment necessary to make desirable products from the wool of herd animals. Snow Leopard Trust then purchases these handicraft items from the local people and them globally. Zoos can expand their conservation efforts by simply offering these items in their gift shops. Woodland Park Zoo (WPZ) was the first zoological institution to sell the products, and WPZ continues to generate revenue from them. SLE is a golden opportunity for zoos to increase revenue, assist poor families, and save an endangered species and fragile ecosystem.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Association of Zoo Keepers	Place of Publication	Topeka, Kansas	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Author from Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland, OH, USA			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 976			Serial	425
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	Author	Jackson, R.; Ahlborn, G.
	Title	The role of protected areas in Nepal in maintaining viable populations of snow leopards			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1990	Publication	Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6	Issue		Pages	51-69
	Keywords	Nepal; conservation; management; parks; park; reserve; refuge; protected-area; browse; protected area; protected; area; island-biology-theory; population-limits; habitat; suitability; 3040
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text at URL			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 165			Serial	444
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	Author	Jafri, R.H.; Shah, F.
	Title	The role of education and research in the conservation of snow leopard and its habitat in Northern Pakistan			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1994	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	273-277
	Keywords	Pakistan; Khunjerab; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; education; ibex; Marco-Polo-sheep; hunting; predator; prey; diet; marmot; activity; Nepal; Chitral-Gol; war; land-use; climate; blue-sheep; home-range; Disease; blue; sheep; browse; Marco-Polo; protected; area; areas; land use; land; 3120
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Usa	Editor	J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 233			Serial	482
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	Author	Klubnikin, K.; Annett, C.; Cherkasova, M.; Shishin, M.; Fotieva, I.
	Title	The sacred and the scientific: Traditional ecological knowledge in Siberian River conservation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Ecological-Applications.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	10	Issue	5	Pages	1296-1306
	Keywords	endangered-species; Human; Hominidae; Altaians; plant; Plantae; snow-leopard; Felidae; endemism; hydroelectric-dam; land-management; perestroika; species-diversity; traditional-ecological-knowledge; water-resource-management; snow leopard; browse; hydroelectric; dam; endangered; species; land; management; diversity; species diversity; traditional; ecological.; knowledge; water; resource; 30
	Abstract	The Katun River originates in the steppe of the Altai Mountains in Siberia. One of the major headwaters of the Ob River, the Katun is considered central to the culture of the indigenous Altaians. The Katun Valley contains large numbers of important cultural sites, dating from the Neolithic and representing some of the earliest human settlement in Russia. Modern-day Altaians still observe traditional ceremonies honoring the river and springs throughout the watershed and utilize traditional ecological knowledge in their management of the land and water resources. Russian and international scientists have identified the Altai Mountains as a region of high plant diversity and endemism, and as important habitat for endangered species such as the snow leopard. The Katun River itself contains species of threatened and endangered fishes, and its headwaters are part of the unusual Mongolian ichthyofaunal province that is characterized by high levels of endemism. The same regions are considered by the Altaian people to be special or sacred and are recognized by Western scientists as having great value for conservation. During the era of perestroika, a hydroelectric dam was to be built on the Katun. The large dam, a vestige of the earlier Soviet plan for the Project of the Century, would have devastated significant agricultural, ecological, recreational, and cultural resources. The indigenous Altaian people would have lost much of their sacred and cultural landscape. The Katun dam project united indigenous people, well-known Siberian writers, and scientists in protest, which became so heated that it engaged the international community, with lasting effects on Russian society. The magnitude of the protest illustrates the importance of the Altai Mountain region to all of Russia. The active participation of indigenous Altaians reflected their traditional willingness to take action against political decisions that negatively impacted the environmental, cultural, and religious values of their homeland. Their involvement also reflected the new wave of awareness under perestroika that underscored a greater respect and autonomy for indigenous peoples in Russia.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Document Type: English Call Number: QH540 .E273			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 390			Serial	537
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	Author	Kuznetsov B.A.
	Title	The mountainous province in Central Asia			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1950	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Edition 20th. (XXXV). New series. Zoological secti	Issue		Pages	141-144
	Keywords	Central Asia; landscapes; biodiversity; mountain zone; fauna; snow leopard.; 7510; Russian
	Abstract	The landscape and biologic diversity of Central Asia's mountains are described. Different types of fauna complexes are segregated. Snow leopard, dhole, and ibex are referred to Central Asia's highland species.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Essay on geographical zoning in the USSR.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 729			Serial	600
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	Author	Miller, D.J.; Jackson, R.
	Title	Livestock and Snow Leopards:making room for competing users on the Tibetian Plateau			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1994	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	315-328
	Keywords	livestock; Tibet; herder; herders; predator; prey; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; Tibetian-Plateau; ungulates; wild-yak; blue-sheep; pika; marmots; gazelle; antelope; Qomolangma; Namcha-Barwa; Chang-Tang; habitat; grazing; wolves; pens; enclosures; bounties; bounty; pelts; skins; coats; furs; poisoning; medicine; bones; land-use; conservation; ecology; blue; sheep; browse; tibetian; plateau; wild; yak; namcha; barwa; change; tang; land use; land; 2800
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Usa	Editor	J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 244			Serial	676
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	Author	Mishra, C.; Van Wieren S.; Ketner, P.; Heitkonig, I.; Prins H.
	Title	Competition between domestic livestock and wild bharal Pseudois nayaur in the Indian Trans-Himalaya			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Journal of Animal Ecology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	73	Issue		Pages	344-354
	Keywords	blue sheep,diet,grazing,rangeland,resource,ungulate,wildlife; 5320
	Abstract	1. The issue of competition between livestock and wild herbivores has remained contentious. We studied the diets and population structures of the mountain ungulate bharal Pseudois nayaur and seven species of livestock to evaluate whether or not they compete for forage. The study was conducted in the high altitude Spiti Valley, Indian Trans-Himalaya. 2. We compared resource (forage) availability and bharal population structures between rangelands differing in livestock density. Forage availability was estimated by clipping the standing graminoid biomass in sample plots. Livestock and bharal population structures were quantified through annual censuses. Seasonal diets of livestock were studied by direct observations, while those of bharal were quantified through feeding signs on vegetation. 3. We found that livestock grazing causes a significant reduction in the standing crop of forage. Graminoid availability per unit livestock biomass was three times greater in a moderately grazed rangeland compared with an intensively grazed one. 4. There was considerable diet overlap among the herbivore species. In summer, bharal, yak Bos grunniens, horse Equus caballus, cow Bos indicus, and dzomo (yak-cow hybrids) fed predominantly on graminoids, while donkey E. asinus, sheep Ovis aries, and goat Capra hircus, consumed both graminoids and herbs. The summer diet of bharal was a subset of the diets of three livestock species. In winter, depleted graminoid availability caused bharal, yak and horse to consume relatively more herbs, while the remaining livestock species fed predominantly on graminoids. Diet overlap was less in winter but, in both seasons, all important forage species in the bharal diet were consumed in substantial amounts by one or more species of livestock. 5. Comparison of the population structures of bharal between two rangelands differing in livestock density by c. 30% yielded evidence of resource competition. In the intensively grazed rangeland, bharal density was 63% lower, and bharal population showed poorer performance (lower young : adult female ratios). 6.Synthesis and applications High diet overlap between livestock and bharal, together with density-dependent forage limitation, results in resource competition and a decline in bharal density. Under the present conditions of high livestock density and supplemental feeding, restricting livestock numbers and creating livestockfree areas are necessary measures for conserving Trans-Himalayan wild herbivores. Mediating competitive effects on bharal through supplemental feeding is not a feasible option.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 517			Serial	695
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	Author	Namgail, T.
	Title	Interactions between argali and livestock, Gya-Miru Wildlife Sanctuary, Ladakh, India, Final Project Report			Type	Report
	Year	2004	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-39
	Keywords	Interactions; interaction; argali; livestock; Gya-Miru; wildlife; sanctuary; sanctuaries; Ladakh; India; project; Report; land-use; land use; region; indian; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya; economy; Animal; products; meat; diet; people; wool; goats; goat; International; High; recent; change; population; grazing; Pressure; pasture; impact; 2000; knowledge; primary; Chundawat; wild; area; Support; ungulate; species; fox; nature; domestic; sheep; habitat; habitat use; use; tibetan; Tibetan argali; ovis; Ovis ammon hodgsoni; ammon; reserve; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trust; program
	Abstract	Livestock production is the major land-use in Ladakh region of the Indian Trans-Himalaya, and is a crucial sector that drives the region's economy (Anon, 2002). Animal products like meat and milk provide protein to the diet of people, while products like wool and pashmina (soft fibre of goats) find their way to the international market. Such high utility of livestock and the recent socio-economic changes in the region have caused an increase in livestock population (Rawat and Adhikari, 2002; Anon. 2002), which, if continue apace, may increase grazing pressure and deteriorate pasture conditions. Thus, there is an urgent need to assess the impact of such escalation in livestock population on the regions wildlife. Although, competitive interaction between wildlife and livestock has been studied elsewhere in the Trans-Himalaya (Bhatnagar et al., 2000; Mishra, 2001; Bagchi et al., 2002), knowledge on this aspect in the Ladakh region is very rudimentary. The rangelands of Ladakh are characterised by low primary productivity (Chundawat & Rawat, 1994), and the wild herbivores are likely to compete with the burgeoning livestock on these impoverished rangelands (Mishra et al., 2002). Thus, given that the area supports a diverse wild ungulate assemblage of eight species (Fox et al., 1991b), and an increasing livestock population (Rawat and Adhikari, 2002), the nature of interaction between wildlife and livestock needs to be assessed. During this project, we primarily evaluated the influence of domestic sheep and goat grazing on the habitat use of Tibetan argali Ovis ammon hodgsoni in a prospective wildlife reserve in Ladakh.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program, 2003.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1073			Serial	711
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	Author
	Title	Miraki Reservation, Chatkal Reservation			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1978	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	9-11
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Chatkal nature reserve; Miraki nature reserve; landscapes; flora; fauna; natural monuments; snow leopard.; 7670; Russian
	Abstract	It describes history of the Miraki and Chatkal nature reserves' establishment and provides data concerning area, landscapes, altitude zoning, flora and fauna as well as natural monuments.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Uzbekistan's Reservations and Natural Monuments. XIV General Assembly of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 745			Serial	13
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	Author	Poyarkov, A.D.; Samoylova, G.S.; Subbotin, A.E.
	Title	Evaluation of Potential Habitats of Snow Leopard (Uncia Uncia, Schreb.) In Altay-Khangay-Sayan Region and in Territory of Russian Federation: GIS Approach			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2002	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	snow; leopard; uncia; habitat; Forest; desert; tundra; territory; landscape; steppe; alpine; gorge; valley; land; use; region; potential; area; 5040
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Islt	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle, WA			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 490			Serial	788
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