| Records |
| Author |
Riordan, P. |
| Title |
Unsupervised recognition of individual tigers and snow leopards from their footprints |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Animal Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
1 |
Issue |
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Pages |
253-262 |
| Keywords |
captive; panthera tigris; panthera uncia; snow leopard; techniques; tiger |
| Abstract |
This study presents the testing of two unsupervised classification methods for their ability to accurately identify unknown individual tigers, Panthera tigris, and snow leopards, Panthera uncia, from their footprints. A neural-network based method, the Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM), and a Bayesian method, AutoClass, were assessed using hind footprints taken from captive animals under standardized conditions. AutoClass successfully discriminated individuals of both species from their footprints. Classification accuracy was greatest for tigers, with more misclassification of individuals occurring for snow leopards. Examination of variable influence on class formations failed to identify consistently influential measurements for either species. The self-organizing map did not provide accurate classification of individuals for either species. Results were not substantially improved by altering map dimensions nor by using principal components derived from the original data. The interpretation of resulting classifications and the importance of using such techniques in the study of wild animal populations are discussed. The need for further testing in the field is highlighted. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 896 |
Serial |
823 |
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| Author |
Schaller, G.B.; Jurang, R.; Mingjiang, Q. |
| Title |
Status of snow leopard (Panthera-uncia) in Qinghai-Province and Gansu Province-China |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
45 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
179-194 |
| Keywords |
status; population; China; Qinhai-province; Gansu-province; conservation; snow-leopard; Panthera-uncia; prey; ungulates; blue-sheep; marmot; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; qinhai province; qinhai; province; gansu province; gansu; panthera uncia; panthera; uncia; 860 |
| Abstract |
The status and distribution of the snow leopard Panthera uncia was investigated in two provinces of China. The cats occur over about 65,000km2 or 9% of the Qinghai Province, and in a few places along the western edge of Gansu Province. In many areas the animals have in recent decades been decimated or locally eradicated, as have their prey. Counts of wild ungulates in 9 mountain block, totalling 1375km2, known for abundant wildlife, had an average of 1.4-5.4 animals km2, principally blue sheep Psuedois nayaur, which together with marmot Marmota himalayana, represent the snow leopards main prey. Possibly 650 snow leopards survive in Qinghai but shooting and trapping of this legally protected animal and the hunting of blue sheep for local consumtion and export threaten their existence. |
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Publisher:ELSEVIER SCI LTD, OXFORD |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 113 |
Serial |
867 |
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| Author |
Soderlund, V. |
| Title |
Chromosome studies in the snow leopard (Panthera uncia): preliminary report |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
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Pages |
168-182 |
| Keywords |
Chromosome; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; snow leopard |
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Helsinki Zoo |
Place of Publication |
Helsinki |
Editor |
Blomqvist, L. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 983 |
Serial |
905 |
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| Author |
Wahlberg, C. |
| Title |
Autopsy findings and causes of death in captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia): a preliminary report |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
Abbreviated Journal |
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2 |
Issue |
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Pages |
205-217 |
| Keywords |
Autopsy; Death; captive; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; Report; International; pedigree |
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Helsinki Zoo |
Place of Publication |
Helsinki |
Editor |
Blomqvist, L. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1095 |
Serial |
998 |
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| Author |
Waits, L.P.; Buckley-Beason, V.A.; Johnson, W.E.; Onorato, D.; McCarthy, T. |
| Title |
A select panel of polymorphic microsatellite loci for individual identification of snow leopards (Panthera uncia)
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Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology Notes |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
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Pages |
311-314 |
| Keywords |
identification; leopard; leopards; microsatellites,noninvasive genetic sampling,Panthera uncia,snow leopard; panthera; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; snow; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; uncia; endangered; carnivores; carnivore; mountain; region; central; Central Asia; asia; methods; conservation; management; Molecular; individual identification; Hair; domestic; cat; felis; captive; number; probability; using; wild |
| Abstract |
Snow leopards (Panthera uncia) are elusive endangered carnivores found in remote mountain regions of Central Asia. New methods for identifying and counting snow leopards are needed for conservation and management efforts. To develop molecular genetic tools for individual identification of hair and faecal samples, we screened 50 microsatellite loci developed for the domestic cat (Felis catus) in 19 captive snow leopards. Forty-eight loci were polymorphic with numbers of alleles per locus ranging from two to 11. The probability of observing matching genotypes for unrelated individuals (2.1 x10-11) and siblings (7.5x10-5) using the 10 most polymorphic loci was low, suggesting that this panel would easily discriminate among individuals in the wild. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 865 |
Serial |
1001 |
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| Author |
Wei, L.; Wu, X.; Jiang, Z. |
| Title |
The complete mitochondrial genome structure of snow leopard Panthera uncia |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Molecular Biology Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-8 |
| Keywords |
Panthera uncia Complete mitochondrialgenome Phylogenetic analyses |
| Abstract |
The complete mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) of snow leopard Panthera uncia was obtained by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique based on the PCR fragments of 30 primers we designed. The entire mtDNA sequence was 16 773 base pairs (bp) in length, and the base composition was: A-5,357ª“,Ž+bp (31.9%); C-4,444ª”,Ž+bp (26.5%); G-2,428ª“,Ž+bp (14.5%); T-4,544ª”,Ž+bp (27.1%). The structural characteristics [0] of the P. uncia mitochondrial genome were highly similar to these of Felis catus, Acinonyx jubatus, Neofelis nebulosa and other mammals. However, we found several distinctive features of the mitochondrial genome of Panthera unica. First, the termination codon of COIII was TAA, which differed from those of F. catus, A. jubatus and N. nebulosa. Second, tRNASer (AGY), which lacked the ''DHU'' arm, could not be folded into the typical cloverleaf-shaped structure. Third, in the control region, a long repetitive sequence in RS-2 (32ª“,Ž+bp) region was found with 2 repeats while one short repetitive segment (9ª”,Ž+bp) was found with 15 repeats in the RS-3 region. We performed phylogenetic analysis based on a 3 816ª",Ž+bp concatenated sequence of 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, ND2, ND4, ND5, Cyt b and ATP8 for P. uncia and other related species, the result indicated that P. uncia and P. leo were the sister species, which was different from the previous findings. (c) 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 899 |
Serial |
1011 |
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| Author |
Xu, A.; Jiang, Z.; Li, C.; Guo, J.; Da, S.; Cui, Q.; Yu, S.; Wu, G. |
| Title |
Status and conservation of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in the Gouli Region, Kunlun Mountains, China |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Oryx |
Abbreviated Journal |
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42 |
Issue |
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Pages |
460-463 |
| Keywords |
Camera trapping,China,human-wildlife conflict,Kunlun Mountains,Panthera uncia,snow leopard,trace. |
| Abstract |
The elusive snow leopard Panthera unica is a rare and little studied species in China. Over 1 March-15 May 2006 we conducted a survey for the snow leopard in the Gouli Region, East Burhanbuda Mountain, Kunlun Mountains, Qinghai Province, China, in an area of c. 300 km2 at altitudes of 4,000-4,700 m. We surveyed 29 linear transects with a total length of c. 440 km, and located a total of 72 traces (pug marks, scrapes and urine marks) of snow leopard along four of the transects. We obtained eight photographs of snow leopard from four of six camera traps. We also recorded 1,369 blue sheep, 156 Tibetan gazelles, 47 argali, 37 red deer and one male white-lipped deer. We evaluated human attitudes towards snow leopard by interviewing the heads of 27 of the 30 Tibetan households living in the study area. These local people did not consider that snow leopard is the main predator of their livestock, and thus there is little retaliatory killing. Prospects for the conservation of snow leopard in this area therefore appear to be good. We analysed the potential threats to the species and propose the establishment of a protected area for managing snow leopard and the fragile alpine ecosystem of this region. (c) 2008 Fauna & Flora International. |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 900 |
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1032 |
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| Author |
Yanfa, L. |
| Title |
A preliminary investigation into the geographic distribution of the snow leopard Panthera uncia Schreber |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Acta Theriologica Sinica |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
184-188 |
| Keywords |
distribution; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; Chinese |
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China |
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In both Chinese and English. |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 974 |
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1044 |
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| Author |
Johnsingh, A.J.T. |
| Title |
A roadmap for conservation in Uttaranchal |
Type |
Report |
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2006 |
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1-13 |
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carnivores, conservation, forest, habitat, hunting, landscape, Panthera uncia, poaching, snow leopard, species, tiger, Uncia uncia, ungulates, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal |
| Abstract |
The enchanting state of Uttaranchal, carved out of Uttar Pradesh on 9th November 2000, has a total area of ca. 53,485 km2 with a population density of 160 persons/ km2, much lower than the national average of 324/km2. This young state can take pride in the fact that 13.42% of its area is under protected areas. The state has varied landscapes: snow-capped and conifer forest covered mountains in the north, forest covered foothills with numerous perennial rivers and streams, locally known as the bhabar tract which includes the Himalayan foothills and the Shivalik range. As a result, the land is home to a variety of fascinating wildlife such as the golden mahseer (Tor putitora), king cobra (Ophiophagus hanna), Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus), great hornbill (Buceros bicornis), Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus), bharal (Pseudois nayaur), Himalayan musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster), goral (Nemorhaedus goral), elephant (Elephas maximus), snow leopard (Panthera uncia), leopard (P. pardus), black bear (Ursus thibetanus), and tiger (P. tigris). All across their range, most of these species are endangered. The potential of this state, with about 800 kilometers of riverine habitat, can only be surpassed by Arunachal Pradesh in terms of golden mahseer conservation. The mountains, bedecked with the scarlet flowers of rhododendron (Rhododendron arboreum) in the summer months, can be a veritable home to many forms of pheasants, mountain ungulates and carnivores, provided poaching for trade is eliminated and hunting for the pot is brought under control. The bhabar forests of this state, ca. 7,500 km2, extending between Yamuna and Sharda rivers (Fig. 1.), can easily support a population of about 1000 elephants and 200 tigers as long as this large habitat, now fragmented in three blocks, is managed and protected as one continuous habitat for wildlife. Six villages, gujjar settlements and encroachments need to be moved away from the main wildlife habitat which goes along the bhabar tract. Although the conservation of these habitats can eventually bring in immense benefits through well-planned ecotourism programmes that are rapidly catching up in the state, initial conservation efforts would need a substantial amount of funds. |
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1121 |
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| Author |
Simon, N., Geroudet, P. |
| Title |
Last Survivores: The Natural History of Animals in Danger of Extinction |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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1970 |
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127-131 |
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snow leopard, Panthera uncia |
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The World Publishing Company |
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New York |
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English |
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1186 |
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