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Fix, A.S.; Riordan, D.P.; Hill, H.T.; Gill, M.A.; Evans, M.B. |
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Title |
Feline panleukopena virus and subsequent canine-distemper virus infection in two snow leopards (Panthera uncia) |
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1989 |
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Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine |
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20 |
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3 |
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273-281 |
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diagnosis; fecal; Fpv; leukemia; panleukopenia; panthera uncia; snow leopard; therapy; vaccination; veterinary; Virus; zoo |
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Two adult snow leopards (Panthera uncia), male and female, both with vaccinations current, became infected with feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) at the Blank Park Zoo, Des Moines, Iowa, in late 1988. Clinical signs included weakness, hemorrhagic feces, fever, seizures, and nasal discharge. Blood analysis revealed severe lymphopenia and mild anemia. A positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test for FPV on fecal contents from the male leopard confirmed the diagnosis. In spite of intensive therapy, both animals died. Necropsy of the female, which survived for 1 wk after onset of signs, revealed intestinal crypt necrosis, pulmonary consolidation, necrotizing laryngitis, and diffuse lymphoid depletion. The male leopard, which lived 3 wk after onset of illness, had similar enteric and lymphoid lesions. In addition, there was a severe interstitial pneumonia, with syncytial cells containing eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Ultrastructural characteristics of these inclusions featured tubular structures consistent with a paramyxovirus. Although repeated virus isolation attempts from the affected lung were negative, polyclonal and monoclonal fluorescent antibody tests were strongly positive for canine distemper virus (CDV). Frozen paired sera from each leopard demonstrated very high acute and convalescing titers to FPV; both animals also seroconverted to CDV, with titers in the male leopard higher than those in the female. Additional tests for toxoplasmosis, feline infectious peritonitis, feline rhinotracheitis, feline calicivirus, feline leukemia, canine parainfluenza, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus were all negative. The neurologic signs present in these leopards remained unexplained, but may have been attributable to CDV infection. A feral cat trapped on zoo property had feces positive for FPV by ELISA. Although the specific contributions of FPV and CDV toward the development of this case are unknown, it is likely that initial FPV-induced immunosuppression allowed the subsequent development of CDV in these snow leopards. The likelihood that initial FPV infection came from feral cats underscores the importance of feral animal control on zoo premises. |
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Addresses:FIX AS, IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT VET PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,VET DIAGNOST LAB,AMES,IA 50011BLANK PK ZOO,DES MOINES,IA 50315NORDEN LABS INC,LINCOLN,NE 68501NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010 Publisher:AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS, MEDIA Connective Phrase: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 147 |
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277 |
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Barnes, L.J. |
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Title |
The Overt Illegal Fur Trade in Kathmandu, Nepal |
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Miscellaneous |
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1989 |
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1-17 |
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Nepal; illegal-trade; fur; coats; pelts; skins; browse; illegal; trade; 3160 |
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Iverness Research Associates |
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Unpublished report, Inverness Research Associates, P.O. Box 515, Iverness, California 94937; phone 415.669.1474 |
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SLN @ rana @ 139 |
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118 |
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Fox, J. |
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A Review of the Status and Ecology of the Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) |
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Miscellaneous |
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1989 |
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5440; status; ecology; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia |
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International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Booklet |
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SLN @ rana @ 528 |
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285 |
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Fox, J.L. |
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A review of the status and ecology of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) |
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1989 |
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status; ecology; distribution; browse; behavior; Russia; China; Mongolia; Soviet-Union; Pakistan; India; Nepal; Afganastan; Bhutan; mating; sexual-behavior; research; surveys; scrapes; sprays; habitat; 2050 |
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Full Text at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 137 |
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294 |
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Fox, J.L. |
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An Annotated Bibliography of Literature on the Snow Leopard |
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Book Whole |
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1989 |
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bibliography; status; distribution; browse; 3100 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
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SLN @ rana @ 138 |
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295 |
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Author |
Gvozdev E.V. |
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Title |
Dzhungarsky nature reserve |
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Miscellaneous |
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1989 |
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31-34 |
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Kazakhstan; Dzungarian Ala Tau; biodiversity; mammals; snow leopard; protected area creation.; 6850; Russian |
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Fauna of the mammals in Dzungarian Ala Tau included 54 species, from them in IUCN Red book, the Red Data book of USSR and Kazakh Red Data Book listed snow leopard, dhole, brown bear, Central Asian otter, Turkestan lynx, manul, argali, marbled polecat and stone marten. Institute of geography of Kazakhstan offers the project on creation of protected territory on Dzungarian Ala Tau for biodiversity conservation and increase in number of rare and disappearing species. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Perspectives of creation of protected areas fund in Kazakhstan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 663 |
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365 |
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Author |
Hast, M.H. |
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The larynx of roaring and non-roaring cats |
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1989 |
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J Anat |
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163 |
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117-121 |
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Animal; Carnivora; anatomy; histology; Cats; Comparative; study; Female; Larynx; physiology; Lions; Male; Vocal; Cords; vocalization; browse; 260 |
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Dissections were made of the larynges of 14 species of the cat family, with representative specimens from all genera. It was found that the vocal folds of the larynx of genus Panthera (with the exception of the snow leopard) form the basic structure of a sound generator well- designed to produce a high acoustical energy. Combined with an efficient sound radiator (vocal tract) that can be adjusted in length, a Panthera can use its vocal instrument literally to blow its own horn with a 'roar'. Also, it is proposed that laryngeal morphology can be used as an anatomical character in mammalian taxonomy. |
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0021-8782 |
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Document Type: eng |
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SLN @ rana @ 143 |
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374 |
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Author |
Hast, M.H. |
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The Larynx of Roaring and Non-Roaring Cats |
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1989 |
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The Journal of Anatomy |
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Summer |
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veterinary; medicine; Vocal; roaring; sound; browse; 4770 |
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Islt |
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Seattle |
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Full Text At URLJournal Title: Snow Line |
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SLN @ rana @ 464 |
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375 |
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Author |
Ishunin G.I. |
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The Felids family Felidae Gray, 1821 |
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1989 |
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Ussr; Felidae; Miocene; Pliocene; Pleistocene; Holocene; origin; Uzbekistan; Genus Uncia; snow leopard; specie range; Western Tien Shan; Hissar ridge; Zeravshan ridge; Turkestan ridge.; 6980; Russian |
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Zoolites of the Felidae family are known from the Upper Eocene Lower Pliocene in Eurasia, Africa, and North America. Two sub-families are know to inhabit the territory of the USSR and adjacent territories: the extinct sabre-toothed Felidae species Machairodontia and now existing Felidae species. In the USSR the extinct Felidae species were found to exist in Upper Miocene, Upper and Middle Pliocene, and Pleistocene. In Eurasia panthers has been know since early Pliocene. Three species were found in Uzbekistan – the extinct cave lion Felidae sd†l…†… (Goldfuss, 1810), and now existing P…nth†a… tigris, P…nth†a… pardus. The ancient finds and modern habitats are briefly described. Genus Uncia is represented by one species snow leopard or irbis. Probably it appeared in later Pliocene or Pleistocene in the mountain of Central Asia. In Uzbekistan, remains of snow leopard were found in the Samarqand region in the layer of Upper Pleistocene or Holocene. Probably it moved into the area in Pleistocene or the period of glacier removal in the Western Tien Shan mountains, Turkestan, Zeravshan, and Hissar ridges. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Possible way of the mammal fauna formation on the territory of Uzbekistan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 676 |
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422 |
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