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	Author	Johnson, W.E.; Dratch, P.A.; Martenson, J.S.; O'Brien, S.J.
	Title	Resolution of recent radiations within three evolutionary lineages of Felidae using mitochondrial restriction fragment length polymorphism variation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Journal of Mammalian Evolution	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	3	Issue	2	Pages	97-120
	Keywords	Evolution; Evolutionary-Lineages; Mitochondrial-Dna; Mitochondrial-Restriction-Fragment-Length-Polymorphism-Variation; phylogeny; Recent-Radiations; Restriction-Enzymes; Tigrina; snow-leopard; browse; evolutionary; lineages; mitochondrial; Dna; restriction; fragment; length; polymorphism; variation; radiation; enzymes; recent; recent radiation; 1340
	Abstract	Patterns of mitochondrial restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) variation were used to resolve more recent relationships among the species of the Felidae ocelot lineage, domestic cat lineage, and pantherine lineage. Twenty-five of 28 restriction enzymes revealed site variation in at least 1 of 21 cat species. The ocelot lineage was resolved into three separate sister taxa groups: Geoffroy's cat (Oncifelis geoffroyi) and kodkod (O. guigna), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and margay (L. wiedii), and pampas cat (Lynchailurus colocolo) and most of the tigrina samples (Leopardus tigrina). Within the domestic cat lineage, domestic cat (Felis catus), European wild cat (F. silvestris), and African wild cat (F. libyca) formed a monophyletic trichotomy, which was joined with sand cat (F. margarita) to a common ancestor. Jungle cat (F. chaus) and black-footed cat (F. nigripes) mtDNAs diverged earlier than those of the other domestic cat lineage species and are less closely related. Within the pantherine lineage, phylogenetic analysis identified two distinct groups, uniting lion (P. leo) with leopard (P. pardus) and tiger (P. tigris) with snow leopard (P. uncia).
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	Notes	Document Type: English Call Number: QL708.5 J68			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 276			Serial	501
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	Author	Johnson, W.E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W.J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E.; O'Brien, S.J.
	Title	The Late Miocene Radiation of Modern Felidae: A Genetic Assessment			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2006	Publication	Science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	311	Issue		Pages	74-77
	Keywords	carnivore; classification; divergence; Dna; Felidae; fossil; lineages; Miocene; mitochondrial; Molecular; phylogeny; radiation; taxonomic
	Abstract	Modern felid species descend from relatively recent (G11 million years ago) divergence and speciation events that produced successful predatory carnivores worldwide but that have confounded taxonomic classifications. A highly resolved molecular phylogeny with divergence dates for all living cat species, derived from autosomal, X-linked, Y-linked, and mitochondrial gene segments (22,789 base pairs) and 16 fossil calibrations define eight principal lineages produced through at least 10 intercontinental migrations facilitated by sea-level fluctuations. A ghost lineage analysis indicates that available felid fossils underestimate (i.e., unrepresented basal branch length) first occurrence by an average of 76%, revealing a low representation of felid lineages in paleontological remains. The phylogenetic performance of distinct gene classes showed that Y-chromosome segments are appreciably more informative than mitochondrial DNA, X-linked, or autosomal genes in resolving the rapid Felidae species radiation.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 908			Serial	502
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	Author	Johnston, L.A.; Donoghue, A.M.; O'Brien, S.J.; Wildt, D.E.
	Title	Rescue and maturation in vitro of follicular oocytes collected from nondomestic felid species			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Biol Reprod	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	45	Issue	6	Pages	898-906
	Keywords	Animal; Carnivora; anatomy; histology; physiology; Cells; Cultured; Female; Fertilization; Vitro; inVitro; Male; Oocytes; cytology; growth; development; ovarian; Follicle; Spermatozoa; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; U.S.Gov't; P.H.S.; browse; non; us; gov't; government; 230
	Abstract	The potential for rescuing immature oocytes from the ovaries of females of rare felid species which die or undergo medical ovariohysterectomy was evaluated. Ovaries were recovered from 13 species representing 35 individuals in good-to-poor health. Although the majority of females were 10 yr of age or older and in fair-to-poor health, a total of 846 oocytes were recovered of which 608 (71.9%) were classified as fair-to- excellent quality. One hundred of these oocytes were used for initial maturation classification and as parthogenetic controls. Overall, of the 508 fair-to-excellent quality oocytes placed in culture, 164 (32.3%) matured to metaphase II in vitro. For species in which 3 or more individuals yielded oocytes, mean oocyte maturation rates were as follows: 36.2%, tiger; 27.9% leopard; and 8.3%, cheetah. In vitro insemination of oocytes resulted in fertilization (2 polar bodies, 2 pronuclei, or cleavage) rates of 9.1% to 28.6% (leopard) using homologous fresh spermatozoa and 4.0% (lion) to 40.0% (puma) using homologous frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Inseminations using heterologous (domestic cat) spermatozoa also resulted in fertilized oocytes in the tiger, leopard, snow leopard, puma, serval, and Geoffroy's cat (range in fertilization rate, 5.0% for leopard to 46.2% for puma). Cleaved embryos resulted from the insemination of leopard oocytes with homologous sperm (n = 1 embryo) and puma oocytes with domestic cat sperm (n = 3 embryos). These results demonstrate that immature ovarian oocytes from rare felid species can be stimulated to mature in vitro despite an excision-to-culture interval as long as 36 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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	ISSN	0006-3363	ISBN		Medium
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	Notes	Document Type: eng			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 172			Serial	503
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	Author	Johnston, L.A.; Armstrong, D.L.; Brown, J.L.
	Title	Seasonal effects on seminal and endocrine traits in the captive snow leopard (Panthera uncia)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	J Reprod Fertil	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	102	Issue	1	Pages	229-236
	Keywords	Animal; Carnivora; physiology; Comparative; study; Fsh; Blood; Gonadotropins; Pituitary; Lh; Male; Seasons; Semen; Sperm; Motility; Spermatozoa; cytology; Testosterone; browse; 180
	Abstract	The annual reproductive cycle of the male snow leopard (Panthera uncia) was characterized by evaluating seminal and endocrine traits monthly. Testicular volume was greatest (P < 0.05) during the winter months when the quality of ejaculate was optimal. Ejaculate volume, total sperm concentration ml-1, motile sperm concentration per ejaculate, sperm morphology and sperm motility index were lowest during the summer and autumn months compared with the winter and spring. Peripheral LH, FSH and testosterone concentrations were also lowest during the summer months, increasing during the autumn just before the increase in semen quality, and were maximal during the winter months. There was a direct relationship (P < 0.01) between: (1) testosterone and testicular volume, total sperm concentration ml-1, motile sperm concentration per ejaculate and ejaculate volume, and (2) LH and testicular volume and motile sperm concentration per ejaculate. In summary, although spermatozoa were recovered throughout the year, optimal gamete quality was observed during the winter and spring. Although previous studies in felids have demonstrated seasonal effects on either seminal or endocrine traits, this is the first study to demonstrate a distinct effect of season on both pituitary and testicular function.
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	ISSN	0022-4251	ISBN		Medium
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	Notes	Document Type: eng			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 252			Serial	504
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	Author	Joost van der Ven
	Title	Western Tien Shan: nature as it is			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2002	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	51-67
	Keywords	Western Tien Shan; biodiversiry; sustainable use; trophy hunt; endangered species; snow leopard.; 7010; Russian
	Abstract	Some ideas of biodiversity conservation in the West Tien Shan (first of all large mammals such as ibex, moral, brown bear, and snow leopard) including an idea of limited trophy hunt are discussed.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of the West Tien Shan. Status and perspectives.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 679			Serial	505
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	Author	Joslin, J.O.; Garner, M.; Collins, D.; Kamaka, E.; Sinabaldi, K.; Meleo, K.; Montali, R.; Sundberg, J.; Jenson, A.B.; Ghim, S.; Davidow, B.; Hargis, A.; West, K.; Clark, T.; Haines, D.
	Title	Viral papilloma and squamous cell carcinomas in snow leopards (Uncia uncia)			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2000	Publication	2000 Proceedings AAZV & IAAAM Joint Conference	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	155-158
	Keywords	captive; snow leopard; squamous cell carcinoma; Uncia uncia; viral papilloma
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	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	AAZV & IAAAM Joint Conference
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 932			Serial	506
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	Author	Joslin, P.
	Title	A Phototrapline for Cold Temperatures			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	121-128
	Keywords	photography; snow-leopard; phototrapline; snow leopard; browse; 1710
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	Publisher	International Snow Leopard Trust and WIldlife Institute of India	Place of Publication	India	Editor	H.Freeman
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	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leoaprd SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 120			Serial	507
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	Author	Jumaev T.
	Title	Fauna. Nature protection in mountains and nature reserves			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1989	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	89-91
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; fauna; endemics; altitudinal zonality; nature reserves; human activity; snow leopard.; 7020; Russian
	Abstract	Uzbekistan's mountain fauna is characterized by the presence of species endemic to Central Asia, and species typical for Mediterranean, India, Afghanistan, the mountains of Central Asia, Mongolia, Siberia, and other neighbouring countries and regions. Of 300 mammals of the USSR, more than 120 inhabit mountains of Central Asia. More diverse is the bird fauna (500 species) and fish fauna. The mountain species are distributed according to the highland zoning. The fauna of highland zone is very peculiar: brown bear, snow leopard, ermine, weasel, wolf, Siberian ibex, argali, and marmot. The following species are under protection in the mountain nature reserves in Uzbekistan: Siberian ibex, roe-deer, Menzbier's marmot, stone marten, ermine, Turkistan lynx, Tien Shan brown bear, Severtsev's sheep, wild boar, marbled polecat, steppe cat, porcupine, snow leopard, otter, badger, long-tailed marmot, marchor, urial, etc. Development of the area resulted in disappearance of Caspian tiger and dhole. The endangered species are cheetah, North Persian leopard, striped hyena, houbara bustard; extremely endangered are Transcaspian urial, marchor, otter, black stock, etc.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mountains of Uzbekistan. Nature, Economy, Vocations.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 680			Serial	508
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	Author	Kadamshoev M.
	Title	Establishment of highland nature reserves required			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1990	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Part 1.	Issue		Pages	227-228
	Keywords	Tajikistan; Pamir; Mountain Badakhshan; nature reserves; endemics; rare species; snow leopard; tourism.; 7030; Russian
	Abstract	Human population growth in the Mountain Badakhshan autonomous province will result in changes of wild life habitat. The first highland nature reserve (Muksu river basin) is proposed to be established within the habitat of Marco Polo sheep, Siberian ibex, Tien Shan brown bear, snow leopard, Himalayan and Tibetan snow-cock, bar-headed goose, bearded and Himalayan vultures. The Mountain Badakhshan nature reserve will serve as a reference for other highland landscapes of the USSR, a `fiduciary' of gene bank containing valuable endemic, rare, and endangered animal and plant species.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 681			Serial	509
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	Author	Kaletskiy A.
	Title	They must live			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1978	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	N 11.	Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Ussr; Red Data book; endangeres species; threats; conservation measures; snow leopard.; 7050; Russian
	Abstract	Among large predators included in the Red Data Book of the USSR and Red List of IUCN the author describes snow leopard. A population of snow leopard in the USSR is estimated to be 500 animals, and no more than 1,000 in the world. In the past, irbis was believed to be a harmful animal and hunting for this species was encouraged. Today, population of the predator is reducing because of poaching and decreasing number of species it preys on such as ibex, wild sheep, wild boar, and marmots. The situation is exacerbated by biological features of this species first of all its slow rate of reproduction. It is concluded that snow leopard needs urgent protection measures since the species is on the verge of disappearance.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Man and nature.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 683			Serial	510
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