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Author |
Gronberg, E. |
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Title |
Movement patterns of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) around kills based on GPS location clusters |
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2011 |
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snow leopard, Panthera, Mongolia, Snow Leopard Trust, predator, prey, kill, behavior |
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Abstract |
Research concerning movement patterns of wild animals has been advancing since GPS technology arrived. But studying the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is still difficult because of the harsh territory it inhabits in Central Asia. This study took place in south Gobi, Mongolia, and aimed to estimate the time spent at kills and the maximum distance away from kills between visits. Snow leopards were monitored with GPS collars that took a location every five or seven hours. Potential kill sites were established by identifying clusters of GPS-locations in ArcGIS and visited in the field for confirmation. ArcGIS was used to calculate the distance between cluster and GPS-locations. I used two buffer zones (100 m and 500 m radius) to define the time snow leopards spent at kills. It was found that snow leopard age and prey category affected time spent at kills and also that snow leopard sex together with prey category affected the maximum distance moved away from kills between visits. Season had no significant effect on either time at kills or distance moved away from kills between visits. Snow leopards spent on average 3.2 days at their kills in the 100 m buffer zone and 3.5 days at their kills in the 500 m buffer zone. Subadults stayed longer at kills than adults and animals of both age categories spent longer time on larger prey. The mean maximum distance moved away from kills between visits was 179 m in the 100 m buffer zone and 252 m in the 500 m buffer zone. Female snow leopards moved further away from kills between visits than male snow leopards. Both the number of days spent on kills and maximum distance moved away from kills between visits increased when kills consisted of more than one animal. This study has provided some basic information on snow leopard behaviors around their kills but also highlights the need to monitor more snow leopards before more solid conclusions can be drawn as this study was based on based on a relatively small sample. |
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Master's thesis |
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English |
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Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1301 |
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Author |
Yanfa, L. |
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Title |
Snow leopard distribution, purchase locations and conservation in Qinghai Province, China |
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Conference Article |
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1994 |
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65-72 |
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conservation; Qinghai; China; scat; spray; kills; interviews; hunting; hunters; tracks; tracking; habitat; distribution; prey; livestock; blue-sheep; behavior; collection; blue; sheep; browse; 3400 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
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J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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SLN @ rana @ 260 |
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1047 |
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Author |
Tserendeleg, J. |
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Title |
On Protection and Survey of Snow Leopards in Mongolia |
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Conference Article |
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1994 |
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43-46 |
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Mongolia; transects; survey; habitat; conservation; distribution; irbis; herders; Altay; Altai; predator; prey; ibex; argali; hunting; pelts; skins; furs; coats; killing; behavior; activity; scrapes; feces; scat; sprays; mating; breeding; gestation; Pregnancy; browse; Macne; blood-sucking; poison; Blood; sucking; 2890 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
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J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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SLN @ rana @ 259 |
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970 |
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Author |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Snow Leopard News Spring 2001 |
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Miscellaneous |
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2001 |
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Snow Leopard News |
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Annual-Appeals-Fund; conservation-programs; populations; Kyrgyz-Republic; Soviet-Union; China; India; Mongolia; Pakistan; Charudutt; incentive; Woodland-Park-Zoo; cub; Death; veterinary; medicine; Bayarjargal; raffle; Dorothy-McLean; volunteers; poaching; hunting; pelts; furs; bones; herders; killing; livestock; browse; 4360 |
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Islt |
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Seattle, WA |
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Full Text at URLTable of Contents1.Programs to Expand Thanks to Annual Appeal Funds2.Zoo and ISLT Mark Passing of Snow Leopard Cub3.Irbis Enterprises National Coordinator Visits Seattle4.A Raffle for the Snow Leopard5.Stock Gifts to ISLT6.ISLT Wants You7.Situation Worsens in Kyrgyz Republic8.ISLT Wish List |
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SLN @ rana @ 424 |
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934 |
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Author |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Snow Leopard News Summer 2000 |
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Miscellaneous |
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2000 |
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Snow Leopard News |
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Woodland-Park-Zoo; seattle; cubs; McCarthy; Allen; volunteer; Peter-Mathiessen; Chitrol-Gol; Pakistan; livestock; predator; prey; killing; Haleem; field-study; research; corraling; villagers; herders; browse; 4380 |
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Islt |
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Seattle, WA |
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Full Text at URLTable of Contents1.Woodland Park Zoo Society Awards $65,000 Challenge Grant to ISLT2.ISLT Completes Search for Conservation Director and Program Officer3.Volunteer Needed4.News and Notes5.Donate to ISLT on the Internet without Spending a Cent6.Seven Snow Leopards Spotted in Chitral Gol National Park in Pakistan |
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SLN @ rana @ 426 |
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929 |
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Ahmad, I.; Hunter, D.O.; Jackson, R. |
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A Snow Leopard and Prey Species Survey in Khunjerab National Park, Pakistan |
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1997 |
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92-95 |
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Slims; Islt; Wwf; predator; prey; Pakistan; Khunjerab; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; Marco-Polo-sheep; blue-sheep; surveys; survey; transect; sighn; markings; marking; scrape; spray; ibex; tracks; pug marks; feces; livestock; kill; herder; herders; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; international snow leopard trust; world wildlife fund; marco polo sheep; marco polo; pug; marks; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 2810 |
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Islt |
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Lahore, Pakistan |
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R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Title, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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SLN @ rana @ 300 |
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42 |
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Koshkarev, E. |
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Title |
Poaching in Former USSR |
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Miscellaneous |
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1994 |
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Snow Line |
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xii |
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2 |
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6-7 |
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Paoching; hunting; killing; pelts; furs; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; trade; skins; browse; 4610 |
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International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Seattle |
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SLN @ rana @ 448 |
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562 |
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Aromov B. |
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The Biology of the Snow Leopard in the Hissar Nature Reserve |
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1995 |
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108-109 |
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Uzbekistan; snow leopard; Hissar ridge; Hissar nature reserve; number; diet; breeding.; 6070; Russian; work; Data; biology; snow; snow-leopard; leopard; nature; reserve; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; times; tracks; pugmarks; Feed; ibex; kills; kill; Age; records; predation; Case; horses; horse; marmot; Himalayan; domestic; goat; wild; wild boar; sheep; Cattle; attack |
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The work contains data on biology snow leopard in Hissar nature reserve, Uzbekistan. The number of snow leopards in this reserve has increased from two or four in 1981 to between 13 and 17 individuals in 1994. Since 1981, snow leopards have been sighted 72 times and their tracks or pugmarks 223 times. In the Hissar Nature Reserve snow leopards largely feed on ibex. Over a period of 14 years, 92 kills and remains of ibex aged from one to thirteen years of age have been examined. Other records of predation, by the number of events observed, include 33 cases of juvenile and mature horses, 25 long-tailed marmot (Marmota caudata). 18 Himalayan snowcock (Tetraogallus himalayemis), 17 domestic goat, 13 wild boar (Sus scrofa), five domestic sheep and three incidents involving cattle. Twenty-two attacks on domestic flocks were reported, and these occurred during both the daytime and at night. Snow leopards usually mate between the 20th of February and March 20th. The offspring are born in late April to May, and there are usually two per litter (23 encounters), although a single litter of three has also been recorded. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceeding of 8th International Snow Leopard Symposium Islamabad. |
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SLN @ rana @ 586 |
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99 |
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Author |
Chundawat, R.S. |
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Title |
Habitat Selection by a Snow Leopard in Hemis National Park, India |
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1990 |
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85-92 |
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habitat; Hemis; India; environemnt; behavior; homerange; home; range; movement; activity; kills; collars; browse; 4160 |
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Leif Blomqvist and Helesinki Zoo |
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Helsinki, Findland |
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L.Blomqvist |
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Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: International Pedigree Book of Snow LeopardsPlace of Meeting: Alma-Ata, KazakstanDate of Copyright: 1990Series Volume ID: 6 |
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SLN @ rana @ 211 |
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222 |
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Chundawat, R.S.; Rawat G.S. |
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Title |
Food Habits of Snow Leopard in Ladakh, India |
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Year |
1990 |
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11 |
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India; Ladakh; behavior; predator; prey; livestock; blue-sheep; ibex; ungulates; marmots; parks; refuge; protected-area; reserves; diet; habitat; scat; kills; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; 970 |
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The snow leopard has remained little studied in the past, and most of the information available is either in the form of natural history or anecdotal notes. The inaccessibility of the terrain and its secretive habits make this one of the more difficult animals to study in the wild. In the past decade, several ecological surveys were conducted in India, Nepal, China and Mongolia, which gave us information on the status and distribution of snow leopard (Jackson, Mallon, Fox, Schaller, Chundawat) A detailed study in Nepal through light on its secretive habits ( Jackson and Ahlborn, 1989). Even then little is known about its feeding habits. The present paper discusses this aspect from a study which was part of a detailed study conducted on the ecology of snow leopard in India from October 1987 to Feburary 1990. |
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full text available at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 305 |
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223 |
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