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	Author	Zhiryakov V.A.
	Title	Wolves' role in biocenosis of the Almaty nature reserve (North Tien Shan)			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1990	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol. II.	Issue		Pages	278-279
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; ungulates; number; livestock; red deer; roe deer; ibex; wild boar; predators; brown bear; wolf; snow leopard.; 8780; Russian
	Abstract	The quantity of ungulates is high in the nature reserve: moral (100-120), roe deer (500-650), Siberian ibex (660-700), and wild boar (50-80). Moreover some 5,000 heads of livestock (mostly sheep) are grazed in a buffer zone in summer. Among big predators (snow leopard, bear, lynx) wolf kills about 40 percent of ungulates.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of V all-Union congress of mammalogy society of the Academy of Science of the USSR.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 855			Serial	1085
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	Author	Zhiryakov V.A.
	Title	The Almaty nature reserve			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1990	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	102-114
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; location; climate; soils; flora; fauna; snow leopard; number.; 8800; Russian
	Abstract	It provides general information about the Almatya nature reserve (Kazakhstan), its physico-geographical features and description of flora and fauna. Snow leopard inhabits alpine zone and goes down as low as forest-meadow zone following ibex in winter. There are two or three families of snow leopard in the nature reserve. The population of ibex is 600 700 animals.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of Central Asia and Kazakhstan.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 857			Serial	1086
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	Author	Zhiryakov V.A.
	Title	Ecology and behavior of the Snow leopard in Kazakhstan			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2002	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	N 1-4.	Issue		Pages	184-199
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; distribution; number; density; population size; habitats; marking; Migration; diet; prey species; hunting; faeces; Sex; Age; population dynamics; reproductive activity; competitors; mortality; snow leopard.; 8810; Russian
	Abstract	The data on spreading, numbers and population density of snow leopard in Kazakhstan are given in this article. The total number of the snow leopard in Kazakhstan is evaluated in 100-110 individuals. The everywhere occurred numbers' reduction under the influence of the anthropogenic factors is observed. The snow leopard' inhabitation area varies from 20 to 120 square kilometers depending on its regions. Sex and composition of the population and its aggregative behavior are given. The dynamics of numbers and mortality are estimated.
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	Notes	Full text available in Russian.Journal Title: Selevinia. The zoological journal of Kazakhstan.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 858			Serial	1087
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	Author	Zhiryakov V.A.
	Title	Snow leopard in the Almaty nature reserve. Short messages about snow leopards			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1986	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	51-54
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; snow leopard; preys; ungulates; rodents; ibex; number.; 8790; Russian
	Abstract	Snow leopard is a common species for the Almaty nature reserve due to numerous wild ungulates, particularly ibexes (about 600 ibexes at a density of 32 animals per 1,000 ha) inhabiting the area. According to the data of 1982 there were 0.5 footprints of snow leopard per 10 km of transect. The remains of ibex, roe deer, squirrel, gray vole mouse and birds were found in faeces of snow leopards. Snow leopard attacks their prey unexpectedly, being in wait for it in such places where prey is difficult to escape from. When hunt is successful the prey is killed almost instantly. Snow leopard feeds upon the same prey for several days.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare animals of Kazakhstan.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 856			Serial	1088
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	Author	Zimina R.P.
	Title	Biology and biotopical distribution of mammals. Predators. Distribution of mammals by vertical zones			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1964	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	25-27
	Keywords	Kyrgyzstan; Issy-Kul derression; fauna; snow leopard; distribution.; 8820; Russian
	Abstract	Fauna of the Issyk-Kul depression and the surrounding ridges consists of heterogeneous elements different in their ecologic features and origin. In highlands, more common are species of Central Asia's origin (gray marmot, snow leopard, dhole, ibex, argali, etc.). Snow leopard is met in Terskey-Alatau. Each year hunters catch/shoot one to three snow leopards in the Chon-Kizilsu river basin. In the Djeti-Oguz district, up to five eight snow leopards are caught each winter. Snow leopard is also caught/shot in the river basins Chon-Kizilsu, Karabatkak, Ortok, Archtor, Tekeletor, and Shatly.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Regularities of vertical distribution of mammals.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 859			Serial	1090
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	Author	Zinchenko Yu.K.
	Title	About characteristic of mammal fauna in the Markakol nature reserve			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1989	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Part. II.	Issue		Pages	39-41
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Markakol nature reserve; mammals; snow leopard.; 8830; Russian
	Abstract	50 mammal species permanently live in the nature reserve. There penetrate snow leopard, wolf, corsac, and wild boar on a relatively regular basis. Moral, roe deer, and elk migrate outside the Markakol depression in winter. Though mentioned in literature as species inhabiting the nature reserve, beaver, stone marten, and dhole are not met there today.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of All-Union conference on cadastre and fauna counts.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 860			Serial	1091
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	Author	Chapron, G.
	Title	Re-wilding: other projects help carnivores stay wild			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Nature	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	437	Issue		Pages	318
	Keywords	Acinonyx jubatus, carnivore, coexistence, conservation, damage prevention, Panthera leo, snow leopard, survival, Uncia uncia
	Abstract	Letter to Nature Editor, in response to: In their plea for bringing Pleistocene wildlife to the New World (“Re-wilding North America” Nature 436, 913–914; 2005), Josh Donlan and colleagues do not discuss successful efforts to ensure long-term survival of large carnivores in Africa and Asia. A few examples are given.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1114
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	Author	Christiansen, P.
	Title	Canine morphology in the larger Felidae: implications for feeding ecology			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Biological Journal of the Linnean Society	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	91	Issue		Pages	573-592
	Keywords	bite force, canine, clouded leopard, feeding behaviour, felid, Homotherium serum, leopard, Megantereoncultridens, morphology, Neofelis nebulosa, paleontology, Panthera pardus, Panthera tigris, puma, Puma concolor, Smilodon fatalis, Smilodon populator, snow leopard, Uncia uncia
	Abstract	Canine morphology is analysed at seven intervals along the crown in both anteroposterior and lateromedial perspective in seven species of large felids. The puma and the snow leopard have stout, rather conical canines, whereas those of lions, jaguars, and tigers bear substantial resemblance to each other, reflecting their phylogenetic relationships, and are less conical and large. The canines of the leopard are intermediate in morphology between those of the other species, probably reflecting its more generalized diet. The clouded leopard has very large and blade-like canines, which are different from the other analysed species. Canine bending strengths to estimated bite forces appear to differ less among the species than morphology,indicating that the evolution of canines has been constricted with respect to their strength in failure, probably owing to their being equally important for species fitness. However, the clouded leopard again stands out, having a high estimated bite force and rather weak canines in bending about the anteroposterior as well as lateromedial planes compared to the other species. Canine morphology to some extent reflects differences in killing mode, but also appears to be related to the phylogeny. The marked divergence of the clouded leopard is presently not understood.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1115
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	Author	Darehshuri, B.F.
	Title	Threatened cats of Asia			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1978	Publication	Wildlife	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	20	Issue	9	Pages	396-400
	Keywords	Asia, Acinonyx jubatus, Asiatic cheetah, cheetah, Siberian tiger, snow leopard
	Abstract	Man's hand is turned against the wild cats wherever they occur, often due to the value of their fur, but also because of the danger they sometimes pose to domestic stock and even human beings. All the larger Asian cats are threatened, and on this and the following pages we look at three of them – the Asiatic cheetah, the Siberian tiger, and the snow leopard.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1116
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	Author	Lovari, S., Boesi, R., Minder, I., Mucci, N., Randi, E., Dematteis, A., and Ale, S. B.
	Title	Restoring a keystone predator may endanger a prey species in a human-altered ecosystem: the return of the snow leopard to Sagarmatha National Park			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Animal Conservation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	12	Issue		Pages	559-570
	Keywords	conservation, food habits, genetics, Hemitragus jemlahicus, Himalayan tahr, management, microsatellite, predation, presence, scat, scat analysis, snow leopard, Uncia uncia
	Abstract	Twenty-five years ago, the snow leopard Uncia uncia, an endangered large cat, was eliminated from what is now Sagarmatha National Park (SNP). Heavy hunting pressure depleted that area of most medium-large mammals, before it became a park. After three decades of protection, the cessation of hunting and the recovery of wild ungulate populations, snow leopards have recently returned (four individuals). We have documented the effects of the return of the snow leopard on the population of its main wild prey, the Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus, a 'near-threatened' caprin. Signs of snow leopard presence were recorded and scats were collected along a fixed trail (130 km) to assess the presence and food habits of the snow leopard in the Park, from 2004 to 2006. Himalayan tahr, the staple of the diet, had a relative occurrence of 48% in summer and 37% in autumn, compared with the next most frequent prey, musk deer Moschus chrysogaster (summer: 20%; autumn: 15%) and cattle (summer: 15%; autumn: 27%). In early summer, the birth rate of tahr (young-to-female ratio: 0.8-0.9) was high. The decrease of this ratio to 0.1-0.2 in autumn implied that summer predation concentrated on young tahr, eventually altering the population by removing the kid cohort. Small populations of wild Caprinae, for example the Himalayan tahr population in SNP, are sensitive to stochastic predation events and may be led to almost local extinction. If predation on livestock keeps growing, together with the decrease of Himalayan tahr, retaliatory killing of snow leopards by local people may be expected, and the snow leopard could again be at risk of local extinction. Restoration of biodiversity through the return of a large predator has to be monitored carefully, especially in areas affected by humans, where the lack of important environmental components, for example key prey species, may make the return of a predator a challenging event.
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	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1122
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