Abstract: “Status, habitat utilization, threats and Conservation of musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster Hodgson 1839) in Langtang National Park, Central Nepal” was carried out in Musk Deer Conservation Area of LNP.
The study was conducted spending more than 516 hours (16th February 2005 to 4th October 2005). The study applied the indirect method identifying 5 different blocks in the habitat for the status and habitat utilization of musk deer in LNP. It mainly deals with types of fecal deposits, distribution of those deposits in different topography and forests. The study also deals with other related evidences found in the study area.
Questionnaire survey provides the additional information regarding its threats and conservation. Forty-five different fecal deposits were found and 3 musk deer were sighted. Block B was found to be the appropriate habitat for musk deer. 68.8 percent of fecal deposits were recorded in Block B. Different types of fecal deposits found in Block B were very fresh and fresh (22.5%), old (38.7%) and very old (16.3%).
Thirty-three species of plants were recorded from the quadrates plotted in the study area. Among them Betula utilis was found the most dominant species . High percentage of fresh droppings were also recorded in Betula forest and maximum old deposits were recorded in mixed forest.
Animal trail was found preferred by musk deer. Forty percent of observed droppings were found on animal trail. Similarly, 8.88 percent of Relic sites were found in animal trail. High number of bedding sites were recorded in Betula and mixed
forest.
Questionnaire survey revealed that musk deer in Langtang National Park is in declining state. Seventy percent of the respondents agree about the poaching activity of musk deer in their area. Apart from this, tourists, local people and livestock are the major threats to musk deer in Langtang. High degree of habitat deterioration, livestock grazing, illegal hunting and predator such as Snow Leopard are the major threats in that area. Therefore, these issues have to be addressed for a long term survival of the endangered musk deer species in Langtang National Park.

Abstract: Snow leopard distribution knowledge is a critical conservation need. During the 2003 Snow Leopard Symposium, a pressing demand for a comprehensive collection of observation data became apparent. Expanding the knowledge of population distribution will help identify areas for conservation and add validity to the potential range map developed by Hunter and Jackson (1997). An equally strong need is an analysis of the extent of protected-area coverage of snow leopard habitat. Another crucial requirement is accurate representation and immediate availability of data to researchers throughout the range.
This project was developed in cooperation with the International Snow Leopard Trust, the Snow Leopard Conservancy, and International Center of Applied Ecology. It is also supported by the Snow Leopard Network, an affiliation of individuals working together to establish effective conservation of the snow leopard throughout Inner Asia. The specific goals of this project are to collect and graphically depict existent knowledge of snow leopard distribution and identify areas lacking data; evaluate the potential range map; assess protected areas to see if snow leopards occur indiscriminately; and produce an internet geographical database and interactive mapping service for research.
This thesis validates the potential range map created by Jackson and Hunter (1997). The majority of sightings (88%) fall within the modeled potential range. This suggests that the map is accurate in representing habitat that supports snow leopards. The thesis also highlights varying degrees of support for protected areas. Most of the potential range lies outside of protected areas. Consequently, most countries contain less than 47 percent of their sightings within protected area boundaries.
This thesis organized and analyzed existing snow leopard data in a geodatabase to evaluate the potential range map and effectiveness of protected areas throughout the range. The geodatabase and internet mapping service provides a standardized method of data exchange and communication among researchers. This is a small step forward in the conservation of the snow leopard, but creates a necessary foundation for future collaborative data exchange projects to follow. The technologies and methodologies used here should be expanded to meet the individual needs of projects.

Abstract: The current study in Mongolia is truly groundbreaking, in that it shows that the problem of commercial wildlife trade is also vast, unsustainable, and a major threat to wildlife populations in other areas. This paper's Executive Summary briefs the topics of wildlife trade in Mongolia, fur trade, medicinal trade, game meat trade, trophy and sport hunting, trade chains and markets, trade sustainability, impacts of wildlife trade on biodiversity conservation, impacts of trade on rural livelihoods, enabling wildlife management, and management recommendations. The main content of the paper includes: wildlife trade survey methods, a history of wildlife trade in Mongolia, wildlife take and trade today, enabling wildlife management, and recommendations and priority actions. The recommendations have been divided into six separate sections, including (1) cross-cutting recommendations, (2) international trade enforcement, (3) domestic trade enforcement, (4) hunting management, (5) trophy and sport hunting management, and (6) community-based approaches. Each section identifies short-term, long-term, and regulatory goals in order of priority within each subsection.

Abstract: The high altitudes of Arunachal Pradesh,India, located in the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot, remain zoologically unexplored and unprotected. We report results of recent mammal surveys in the high altitude habitats of western Arunachal Pradesh. A total of 35 mammal species (including 12 carnivores, 10 ungulates and 5 primates) were recorded, of which 13 are categorized as Endangered or Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. One species of primate, the Arunachal macaque Macaca munzala, is new to science and the Chinese goral Nemorhaedus caudatus is a new addition to the ungulate fauna of the Indian subcontinent. We documented peoples' dependence on natural resources for grazing and extraction of timber and medicinal plants. The region's mammals are threatened by widespread hunting. The snow leopard Uncia uncia and dhole Cuon alpinus are also persecuted in retaliation for livestock depredation. The tiger Panthera tigris, earlier reported from the lower valleys, is now apparently extinct there, and range reductions over the last two decades are reported for bharal Pseudois nayaur and musk deer Moschus sp.. Based on mammal species richness, extent of high altitude habitat, and levels of anthropogenic disturbance, we identified a potential site for the creation of Arunachal's first high altitude wildlife reserve (815 km2). Community-based efforts that provide incentives for conservation-friendly practices could work in this area, and conservation awareness programmes are required, not just amongst the local communities and schools but for politicians, bureaucrats and the army.