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Author Hongfa, X. and Kirkpatrick, C.
Title The State of Wildlife Trade in China. Information on the trade in wild animals and plants in China 2006. Type Report
Year 2006 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 3-20
Keywords clouded leopard, economy, illegal killing, leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, Panthera pardus, Panthera tigris, poaching, policy, snow leopard, tiger, trade, TRAFFIC, Uncia uncia
Abstract Welcome to the first edition of The State of Wildlife Trade in China. This publication takes a broad look at wildlife trade over the past year, particularly concerning the impact of China's consumption on globally important biodiversity 'hotspots'. The focus of The State of Wildlife Trade in China is on emerging trends in China's wildlife trade and up-to-date reviews of work to stop illegal wildlife trade and support sustainable trade. The lead story in this issue is the illegal trade in Tigers and other Asian big cats. During 2006, surveys continued to document this illegal trade, as well as highlight opportunities for action. Other stories in this issue give updates on trade in reef fishes from Southeast Asia's 'Coral Triangle' and in timber from the forests of the Russian Far East, Borneo, and East Africa. China's wildlife trade presents both challenges and opportunities. This annual report aims to provide current information about wildlife trade in China and to provide avenues for involvement in China's conservation community. It is part of TRAFFIC's on-going commitment to turn information into action.
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Corporate Author (down) TRAFFIC Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1127
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Author International Snow Leopard Trust
Title Snow Leopard News Summer/ Fall 1999 Type Miscellaneous
Year 1999 Publication Snow Leopard News Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords distribution; stutus; fur-trade; bones; medicine; conservation; enforcement; awareness; education; poaching; killing; hunting; web-of-life-poster; Slims; Nepal; field-study; Mongolia; prey; pelts; livestock; retaliatory-killing; habitat; browse; 4420
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author (down) Thesis
Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle, WA Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URLTable of Contents1.Conservation Challenges2.Education in Action: Posters Distributed in Mongolia and Bhutan3.5th SLIMS Workshop Held in Nepal4.News and Notes5.Thoughts From a Snow Leopard6.Snow Leopard Spot Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 430 Serial 927
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Author Johansson, O., Nyam, E., Lkhagvajav, P., Alexander, J. A., Samelius, G.
Title Predation Patterns and Hunting Behaviour of Snow Leopards: Insights from an Ibex Hunt Type Journal Article
Year 2023 Publication Snow Leopard Reports Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 6-9
Keywords ambush, Capra sibirica, kill site, mountain, Panthera uncia
Abstract The hunting behaviours of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) are poorly understood. In this note, we describe the successful hunt of an adult male ibex (Capra sibirica) by a known male snow leopard in Tost Mountains, Mongolia. The hunt started in a mountain slope close to three large boulders and progressed downhill for 115 m until it concluded at the bottom of a drainage. By comparing the habitat where the ibex was killed to the kill sites of 158 ibex and 17 argali (Ovis ammon) that were killed by GPS-collared snow leopards, we demonstrate that the majority (62%) of these kills occurred in drainages. We propose that in successful hunts, snow leopards commonly ambush from above, causing prey individuals to typically flee downhill. Thereby the prey maintain their momentum and it is not until they are slowed down upon reaching the bottom of the drainage that the snow leopards are able to subdue them.
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Corporate Author (down) Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1730
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Author Din, J. U., Bari, F., Ali, H., Rehman, E. U., Adli, D. S. H., Abdullah, N. A., Norma-Rashid, Y., Kabir, M., Hameed, S., Nawaz, D. A., Nawaz, M. A.
Title Drivers of snow leopard poaching and trade in Pakistan and implications for management Type Journal Article
Year 2022 Publication Nature Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 46 Issue Pages 49-62
Keywords conflict, illegal trade, northern Pakistan, pelt, poaching; retaliatory killing
Abstract The snow leopard is one of the highly valued species from high-altitude mountain ecosystems of Central and Southeast Asia, including Pakistan. This keystone species is facing a myriad of conventional and emerging threats, including poaching and trade, that are poorly documented in Pakistan. To understand the dynamics and drivers of the poaching and trading of snow leopards in Pakistan, we investigated the issue in depth through a multifaceted survey in the snow leopard range of the country. We recorded 101 snow leopard poaching incidences from 11 districts during 2005–2017. The reported poaching incidences varied spatially (‒x = 9 ± 2.6 [95% Cl: 3–15]) and temporally (‒x = 7.8 ± 1.09) and accounted for 2–4% annual population loss (n = 200–420) in a period of 13 years. Poaching and trade together constituted 89% of the total incidence reported and animals were mostly shot (66%), poisoned (12%), snared (12%) and captured (4%), respectively. Only a fraction (3%) of the incidences were reported to the relevant law enforcement agencies. Trade routes included large cities and neighbouring countries, even the Middle East and Europe. The average base and end prices for each item were 245 ± 36 USD and 1,736 ± 520 USD, respectively, while maximum monetary fines set as per the law were 275 USD. Our results establish the need for developing multi-stakeholder coordination mechanisms at regional, national and international levels and information sharing to curb this menace. Improving the existing laws and surveillance system, while taking the local communities onboard, will further help to this end.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1672
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Author Lama, R. P., Ghale, T. R., Suwal, M. K., Ranabhat, R., Regmi, G. R.
Title First photographic evidence of Snow Leopard Panthera uncia (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) outside current protected areas network in Nepal Himalaya Type Journal Article
Year 2018 Publication Journal of Threatened Taxa Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 12086-12090
Keywords Camera-trapping, conservation, Humla, livestock depredation, monasteries, non-timber forest products, retaliatory killing, Tibetan Buddhism.
Abstract The Snow Leopard Panthera uncia is a rare top predator of high-altitude ecosystems and insufficiently surveyed outside of protected areas in Nepal. We conducted a rapid camera-trapping survey to assess the presence of Snow Leopard in the Limi valley of Humla District. Three individuals were recorded in two camera locations offering the first photographic evidence of this elusive cat outside the protected area network of Nepal. In addition to Snow Leopard, the Blue Sheep Pseudois nayaur, Beech Marten Martes foina, Pika Ochotona spp. and different species of birds were also detected by camera-traps. More extensive surveys and monitoring are needed for reliably estimating the population size of Snow Leopard in the area. The most urgent needs are community-based conservation activities aimed at mitigating immediate threats of poaching, retaliatory killing, and rapid prey depletion to ensure the survival of this top predator in the Himalaya.
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Corporate Author (down) Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1470
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Author Johansson, O., McCarthy, T., Samelius, G., Andren, H., Tumursukh, L., Mishra, C.
Title Snow leopard predation in a livestock dominated landscape in Mongolia Type Journal Article
Year 2015 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 184 Issue Pages 251-258
Keywords Gobi desert, GPS collar, Kill rate, Panthera uncial, Prey choice, Wildlife conflict
Abstract Livestock predation is an important cause of endangerment of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) across

its range. Yet, detailed information on individual and spatio-temporal variation in predation patterns of

snow leopards and their kill rates of livestock and wild ungulates are lacking.

We collared 19 snow leopards in the Tost Mountains, Mongolia, and searched clusters of GPS positions

to identify prey remains and estimate kill rate and prey choice.

Snow leopards killed, on average, one ungulate every 8 days, which included more wild prey (73%) than

livestock (27%), despite livestock abundance being at least one order of magnitude higher. Predation on

herded livestock occurred mainly on stragglers and in rugged areas where animals are out of sight of herders.

The two wild ungulates, ibex (Capra ibex) and argali (Ovis ammon), were killed in proportion to their

relative abundance. Predation patterns changed with spatial (wild ungulates) and seasonal (livestock)

changes in prey abundance. Adult male snow leopards killed larger prey and 2–6 times more livestock

compared to females and young males. Kill rates were considerably higher than previous scat-based estimates, and kill rates of females were higher than kill rates of males. We suggest that (i) snow leopards

prey largely on wild ungulates and kill livestock opportunistically, (ii) retaliatory killing by livestock herders

is likely to cause greater mortality of adult male snow leopards compared to females and young

males, and (iii) total off-take of prey by a snow leopard population is likely to be much higher than previous

estimates suggest.
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Corporate Author (down) Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1420
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Author Li, J., Lu, Z.
Title Snow Leopard Poaching and Trade in China 2000-2013 Type Journal Article
Year 2014 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 176 Pages 207-211
Keywords Bone, Pelt, Panthera uncial, Retaliatory killing, Sanjiangyuan
Abstract The snow leopard is a flagship species of the alpine ecosystem in the Central Asia, with China comprising

nearly 60% of the habitat and population. It was listed as endangered by IUCN and included in Appendix I

of CITES in the 1970s. Poaching for its fur and bones is a significant and increasing threat to snow leopards

globally. However, little detailed information is available on snow leopard poaching in China. Here,

we collected all reported cases of snow leopard poaching and trade in China 2000–2013. We found that

snow leopard parts were mainly traded in the major cities within their range provinces, but also began to

emerge in a few coastal cities after 2010. Household interviews in the Sanjiangyuan Region in Qinghai

Province showed that in this sub region alone, 11 snow leopards were killed annually, accounting for

about 1.2% of the estimated snow leopard population there.


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Corporate Author (down) Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1414
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Author Li, J., Lu, Z.
Title Snow Leopard poaching and trade in China 2000- 2013 Type Journal Article
Year 2014 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 176 Pages 207-211
Keywords Bone Pelt, Panthera uncial, Retaliatory killing, Sanjiangyuan
Abstract The snow leopard is a flagship species of the alpine ecosystem in the Central Asia, with China comprising

nearly 60% of the habitat and population. It was listed as endangered by IUCN and included in Appendix I

of CITES in the 1970s. Poaching for its fur and bones is a significant and increasing threat to snow leopards

globally. However, little detailed information is available on snow leopard poaching in China. Here,

we collected all reported cases of snow leopard poaching and trade in China 2000–2013. We found that

snow leopard parts were mainly traded in the major cities within their range provinces, but also began to

emerge in a few coastal cities after 2010. Household interviews in the Sanjiangyuan Region in Qinghai

Province showed that in this sub region alone, 11 snow leopards were killed annually, accounting for

about 1.2% of the estimated snow leopard population there.


Address
Corporate Author (down) Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1412
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Li, J., Lu, Z.
Title Snow Leopard poaching and trade in China 2000-2013 Type Journal Article
Year 2014 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 176 Pages 207-211
Keywords Bone, Pelt,Panthera uncial, Retaliatory killing, Sanjiangyuan
Abstract The snow leopard is a flagship species of the alpine ecosystem in the Central Asia, with China comprising

nearly 60% of the habitat and population. It was listed as endangered by IUCN and included in Appendix I

of CITES in the 1970s. Poaching for its fur and bones is a significant and increasing threat to snow leopards

globally. However, little detailed information is available on snow leopard poaching in China. Here,

we collected all reported cases of snow leopard poaching and trade in China 2000–2013. We found that

snow leopard parts were mainly traded in the major cities within their range provinces, but also began to

emerge in a few coastal cities after 2010. Household interviews in the Sanjiangyuan Region in Qinghai

Province showed that in this sub region alone, 11 snow leopards were killed annually, accounting for

about 1.2% of the estimated snow leopard population there.
Address
Corporate Author (down) Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1411
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Li, J., Lu, Z.
Title Snow Leopard poaching and trade in China 2000-2013 Type Journal Article
Year 2014 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 176 Pages 207-211
Keywords Bone, Pelt, Panthera uncial, Retaliatory killing, Sanjiangyuan
Abstract The snow leopard is a flagship species of the alpine ecosystem in the Central Asia, with China comprising

nearly 60% of the habitat and population. It was listed as endangered by IUCN and included in Appendix I

of CITES in the 1970s. Poaching for its fur and bones is a significant and increasing threat to snow leopards

globally. However, little detailed information is available on snow leopard poaching in China. Here,

we collected all reported cases of snow leopard poaching and trade in China 2000–2013. We found that

snow leopard parts were mainly traded in the major cities within their range provinces, but also began to

emerge in a few coastal cities after 2010. Household interviews in the Sanjiangyuan Region in Qinghai

Province showed that in this sub region alone, 11 snow leopards were killed annually, accounting for

about 1.2% of the estimated snow leopard population there.
Address
Corporate Author (down) Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1410
Permanent link to this record