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Author |
McCarthy, K.; Fuller, T.; Ming, M.; McCarthy, T.; Waits, L.; Jumabaev, K. |
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Title |
Assessing Estimators of Snow Leopard Abundance |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Journal of Widlife Management |
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Volume |
72 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1826-1833 |
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Keywords |
abundance; camera,capture-recapture,density,index,predator:prey ratios,techniques,Tien Shan,Uncia; leopard; SaryChat; sign surveys; Slims; snow; snow-leopard; snow leopard; Tomur |
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Abstract |
The secretive nature of snow leopards (Uncia uncia) makes them difficult to monitor, yet conservation efforts require accurate and precise methods to estimate abundance. We assessed accuracy of Snow Leopard Information Management System (SLIMS) sign surveys by comparing them with 4 methods for estimating snow leopard abundance: predator:prey biomass ratios, capture-recapture density estimation, photo-capture rate, and individual identification through genetic analysis. We recorded snow leopard sign during standardized surveys in the SaryChat Zapovednik, the Jangart hunting reserve, and the Tomur Strictly Protected Area, in the Tien Shan Mountains of Kyrgyzstan and China. During June-December 2005, adjusted sign averaged 46.3 (SaryChat), 94.6 (Jangart), and 150.8 (Tomur) occurrences/km. We used
counts of ibex (Capra ibex) and argali (Ovis ammon) to estimate available prey biomass and subsequent potential snow leopard densities of 8.7 (SaryChat), 1.0 (Jangart), and 1.1 (Tomur) snow leopards/100 km2. Photo capture-recapture density estimates were 0.15 (n = 1 identified individual/1 photo), 0.87 (n = 4/13), and 0.74 (n = 5/6) individuals/100 km2 in SaryChat, Jangart, and Tomur, respectively. Photo-capture rates
(photos/100 trap-nights) were 0.09 (SaryChat), 0.93 (Jangart), and 2.37 (Tomur). Genetic analysis of snow leopard fecal samples provided minimum population sizes of 3 (SaryChat), 5 (Jangart), and 9 (Tomur) snow leopards. These results suggest SLIMS sign surveys may be affected by observer bias and environmental variance. However, when such bias and variation are accounted for, sign surveys indicate relative abundances similar to photo rates and genetic individual identification results. Density or abundance estimates based on capture-recapture or ungulate biomass did not agree with other indices of abundance. Confidence in estimated densities, or even detection of significant changes in abundance of snow leopard, will require more effort and better documentation. |
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SLN @ rana @ 881 |
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653 |
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Author |
Jackson, R. |
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Title |
Second SLIMS Workshop Held |
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Year |
1994 |
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xii |
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Chitral-Gol; Pakistan; Slims; surveys; research; Project-snow-leopard; teqniques; conflict-resolution; training; browse; 4590 |
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Islt |
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Seattle, WA |
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Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snowline |
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SLN @ rana @ 273 |
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453 |
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Jackson, R. |
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Title |
Third Slims Workshop held in Mongolia |
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Miscellaneous |
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1995 |
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xiii |
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Slims; Mongolia; fieldwork; surveys; Project-snow-leopard; Islt; Macne; McCarthy; hunting; conflict; herders; prey; poaching; predation; gobi; browse; 4570 |
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Islt |
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Full text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line |
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SLN @ rana @ 445 |
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455 |
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Jackson, R.; Hunter, D.; Emmerich, C. |
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Title |
SLIMS: An Information Management System for Promoting the Conservation of Snow Leopards and Biodiversity in the Mountains of Central Asia |
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1997 |
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75-91 |
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Slims; conservation; biodiversity; asia; livestock; parks; park; protected-area; reserve; reserves; refuge; prey; habitat; distribution; status; Pakistan; Mongolia; India; China; Project-snow-leopard; survey; surveys; field; snow-line; Padu; Wwf; Macne; Merc; Gis; field-surveys; transects; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; project snow leopard; project; snow leopard; snow; leopard; snow line; world wildlife fund; field surveys; browse; 2770 |
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Islt |
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Lahore, Pakistan |
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R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth Interantional Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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SLN @ rana @ 398 |
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457 |
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Jackson, R.; Fox, J.L. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard Conservation: Accomplishments and Research Priorities |
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1997 |
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128-144 |
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Slims; Islt; zoos; zoo; captivity; genetics; home-range; predator; prey; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; Mongolia; China; India; Nepal; Khunjerab; surveys; survey; transect; habitat; scrap; marking; spray; Myanmar; Burma; blue-sheep; ibex; conservation; ecology; management; livestock; herders; Dna; Icimod; Himalaya; protected-area; scrape; blue; sheep; browse; international snow leopard trust; home range; home; range; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 2900 |
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Islt |
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Pakistan |
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R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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SLN @ rana @ 399 |
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458 |
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Jackson, R. |
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Bhutan Workshop: Thimpu, Land of the Thunder Dragon |
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1997 |
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xv |
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1 |
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Bhutan; Himalaya; Slims; surveys; Islt; Jigme-Dorgi; poisoning; herders; browse; 4510 |
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Islt |
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Seattle, Wa |
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Full text at URLJournal Title: Snowline |
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SLN @ rana @ 439 |
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459 |
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Jackson, R.; Fox, J.L. |
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Report on Fifth Slims Training Workshop (Nepal) |
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Miscellaneous |
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2000 |
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Snow Line |
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xvii |
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6-15 |
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Slims; Nepal; training; techniques; Gps; field-work; surveys; Tibet; habitat; China; hunting; poaching; livestock; population; Shey-Phoksundo; parks; protected-area; reserves; annapurna; Dhorpatan; Manaslu; Sagarmatha; Langtang; Islt; Wwf; Hmg; Dnpwc; browse; 4460 |
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Nepal's snow leopards (Uncia uncia) are mostly found along the northern border with Tibet (China). The largest populations are in Dolpa, Mugu, Manang, and Myagdi Districts. Potential habitat totals about 30,000 square kilometers. Numbers are estimated at 300-500, but surveys are urgently needed to confirm this rough guess. Like elsewhere, the primary threats center on poaching, depletion of natural prey, livestock depredation and resultant retributive killing of snow leopards by herders, and the lack of public awareness and support for conserving snow leoaprds, especially among local herders. |
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International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Seattle |
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SLN @ rana @ 434 |
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466 |
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Ahmad, I.; Hunter, D.O.; Jackson, R. |
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A Snow Leopard and Prey Species Survey in Khunjerab National Park, Pakistan |
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1997 |
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92-95 |
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Slims; Islt; Wwf; predator; prey; Pakistan; Khunjerab; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; Marco-Polo-sheep; blue-sheep; surveys; survey; transect; sighn; markings; marking; scrape; spray; ibex; tracks; pug marks; feces; livestock; kill; herder; herders; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; international snow leopard trust; world wildlife fund; marco polo sheep; marco polo; pug; marks; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 2810 |
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Islt |
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Lahore, Pakistan |
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R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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English |
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Title, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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SLN @ rana @ 300 |
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42 |
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Kreuzberg, E.; Esipov, A.; Bykova, E.; Vashetko, E. |
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Title |
Number, Distribution and Status of Habitats for Snow Leopard in Gissar Nature Reserve and Neighboring Areas |
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Miscellaneous |
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2000 |
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xvi |
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4 |
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Uzbekistan; Gissar; habitat; distribution; status; field-study; research; surveys; poaching; hunting; grazing; livestock; browse; 4440 |
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Islt |
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Seattle, Wa |
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Full text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line |
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SLN @ rana @ 432 |
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595 |
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Author |
Mallon, D. |
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Title |
The snow leopard in Ladakh |
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1984 |
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International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
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4 |
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23-37 |
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Ladakh; India; livestock; herders; tracking; tracks; surveys; sign; distribution; predator; prey; herder; mortality; conservation; status; browse; 2380 |
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Reports on 1 summer survey and four winter surveys covering some 3100 km in Ladakh, India. Reports on snow leopard sign commonly found, distribution, prey, attacks on livestock and peoples reaction, mortality factors and conservation status. Suggest recomendations for preventing unnecessary killing of snow leopards and estimates population of 100 to 200 snow leopards in Ladakh |
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Full text available at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 78 |
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642 |
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