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Author | Ale, S.B.; Yonzon, P.; Thapa, K. | ||||
Title | Recovery of snow leopard Uncia uncia in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park, Nepal | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 41 | Issue | Pages | 89-92 | |
Keywords | Nepal; recovery; Sagarmatha Mount Everest National Park; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; surveys; survey; snow; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia; Uncia-uncia; valley; Sagarmatha; national; national park; National-park; park; using; information; management; system; research; transects; transect; sign; areas; area; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; 40; Himalayan; tahr; musk; musk-deer; deer; location; recent; species; grazing; land; Forest; habitat; domestic; wild; ungulates; ungulate; livestock; tourism; development; traditional; land use; land-use; use; wildlife | ||||
Abstract | From September to November 2004 we conducted surveys of snow leopard Uncia uncia signs in three major valleys in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park in Nepal using the Snow Leopard Information Management System, a standardized survey technique for snow leopard research. We walked 24 transects covering c. 14 km and located 33 sites with 56 snow leopard signs, and 17 signs incidentally in other areas. Snow leopards appear to have re-inhabited the Park, following their disappearance c. 40 years ago, apparently following the recovery of Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus and musk deer Moschus chrysogaster populations. Taken together the locations of all 73 recent snow leopard signs indicate that the species is using predominantly grazing land and shrubland/ open forest at elevations of 3,000-5,000 m, habitat types that are also used by domestic and wild ungulates. Sagarmatha is the homeland of c. 3,500 Buddhist Sherpas with .3,000 livestock. Along with tourism and associated developments in Sagarmatha, traditional land use practices could be used to ensure coexistence of livestock and wildlife, including the recovering snow leopards, and ensure the wellbeing of the Sherpas. | ||||
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Notes | http://www.snowleopardnetwork.org/bibliography/Ale_2007.pdf | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 884 | Serial | 58 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R.; Wangchuk, R. | ||||
Title | A Community-Based Approach to Mitigating Livestock Depredation by Snow Leopards | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Human Dimensions of Wildlife | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 9 | Issue | Pages | 307-315 | |
Keywords | snow leopard,depredation,human-wildlife conflict,participatory planning,India; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; endangered; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; Himalayan; protected; protected areas; protected area; protected-areas; protected-area; areas; area; attack; sheep; goats; goat; local; villagers; community-based; conservation; Hemis; national; national park; National-park; park; India; conflict; pens; income; participatory; strategy; planning; sense; project; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; protection; retaliatory; poaching | ||||
Abstract | Livestock depredation by the endangered snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is an increasingly contentious issue in Himalayan villages, especially in or near protected areas. Mass attacks in which as many as 100 sheep and goats are killed in a single incident inevitably result in retaliation by local villagers. This article describes a community-based conservation initiative to address this problem in Hemis National Park, India. Human-wildlife conflict is alleviated by predator-proofing villagers' nighttime livestock pens and by enhancing household incomes in environmentally sensitive and culturally compatible ways. The authors have found that the highly participatory strategy described here (Appreciative Participatory Planning and Action-APPA) leads to a sense of project ownership by local stakeholders, communal empowerment, self-reliance, and willingness to co-exist with snow leopards. The most significant conservation outcome of this process is the protection from retaliatory poaching of up to five snow leopards for every village's livestock pens that are made predator-proof. |
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SLN @ rana @ 890 | Serial | 471 | ||
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Author | Hussain, S. | ||||
Title | The status of the snow leopard in Pakistan and its conflict with local farmers | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 37 | Issue | Pages | 26-33 | |
Keywords | Central Karakorum,farmer-wildlife conflict; livestock predation,snow leopard,Uncia uncia,; Western Himalayas. | ||||
Abstract | Between 1998 and 2001 I carried out surveys in four areas in the Baltistan district of the Northern Areas of Pakistan to estimate the population of the snow leopard and to examine the threats to its future conservation. I estimate that a total of 36-50 snow leopards are present in the areas surveyed. Based on the availability of suitable snow leopard habitat and of its prey species, I estimate that 90-120 snow leopards are potentially present in Baltistan and 300-420 throughout its range within Pakistan's borders. Although this estimate is higher than extrapolations based on earlier surveys, the long-term future of the snow leopard is under threat. This is mainly due to retaliatory killings by farmers, and poaching for pelts and other body parts. Species-focused conservation policies, particularly those targeting ungulates for the promotion of trophy hunting, may constitute an additional threat to snow leopard conservation in the region. However, all forms of threats to the snow leopard in Baltistan appear to emanate from the relatively poor economic conditions of the local people. | ||||
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SLN @ rana @ 898 | Serial | 401 | ||
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Author | Xu, A.; Jiang, Z.; Li, C.; Guo, J.; Da, S.; Cui, Q.; Yu, S.; Wu, G. | ||||
Title | Status and conservation of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in the Gouli Region, Kunlun Mountains, China | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 42 | Issue | Pages | 460-463 | |
Keywords | Camera trapping,China,human-wildlife conflict,Kunlun Mountains,Panthera uncia,snow leopard,trace. | ||||
Abstract | The elusive snow leopard Panthera unica is a rare and little studied species in China. Over 1 March-15 May 2006 we conducted a survey for the snow leopard in the Gouli Region, East Burhanbuda Mountain, Kunlun Mountains, Qinghai Province, China, in an area of c. 300 km2 at altitudes of 4,000-4,700 m. We surveyed 29 linear transects with a total length of c. 440 km, and located a total of 72 traces (pug marks, scrapes and urine marks) of snow leopard along four of the transects. We obtained eight photographs of snow leopard from four of six camera traps. We also recorded 1,369 blue sheep, 156 Tibetan gazelles, 47 argali, 37 red deer and one male white-lipped deer. We evaluated human attitudes towards snow leopard by interviewing the heads of 27 of the 30 Tibetan households living in the study area. These local people did not consider that snow leopard is the main predator of their livestock, and thus there is little retaliatory killing. Prospects for the conservation of snow leopard in this area therefore appear to be good. We analysed the potential threats to the species and propose the establishment of a protected area for managing snow leopard and the fragile alpine ecosystem of this region. (c) 2008 Fauna & Flora International. | ||||
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SLN @ rana @ 900 | Serial | 1032 | ||
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Author | Ikeda, N. | ||||
Title | Economic impacts of livestock depredation by snow leopard Uncia uncia in the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, Nepal Himalaya | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Environmental Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 31 | Issue | Pages | 322-330 | |
Keywords | herder; Kanchenjunga Conservation Area; local resident; park people conflict; wildlife conservation; yak.; snow leopard | ||||
Abstract | It is necessary to fully understand the economic conditions of local herders in order to find solutions to the conflicts between wildlife conservation and livestock rearing in remote areas of low-income countries. In the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), Nepal, livestock depredation by snow leopards impacts on yak herders' livelihoods. Retaliatory killings of snow leopard by the herders have been reported and the concerned authorities recently initiated snow leopard conservation programmes. In 2001, interviews with the yak herders who used the pastures in the Ghunsa valley in the preceding year collected data on the incidence of livestock death caused by snow leopards. The annual net cash income of the yak herders was estimated by obtaining baseline values of sales and expenditure per livestock head through field measurement of dairy products and interviews with a sample of herders. As yet, the average annual damage does not appear to have adversely affected fundamental livelihoods in households with an average herd size (36.6 head). However, in the worst scenario of livestock depredation, households with medium or small-sized herds (<40 head) might risk their living conditions becoming unsustainable or having to withdraw from yak pastoralism. A supplementary interview showed that the majority of the herders, except those who took completely neutral attitudes towards the regional conservation and development programme, had negative views of the snow leopard conservation policy. For the snow leopard conservation programme in the KCA to be a success, there must be a system to compensate the herders' households for livestock damage. | ||||
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Notes | Full article not available on SLN bibliography due to copyright concerns. | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 906 | Serial | 402 | ||
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Author | Khan, J. | ||||
Title | Markets for Snow Leopards: Enviropreneur Snapshots | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | PERC Reports | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 26 | Issue | Pages | 1-1 | |
Keywords | conservation; economic; incentives; income; protection; snow leopard; sustainable; wildlife | ||||
Abstract | Over the years, many conservation actions and practices to protect the snow leopard have been tried and tested. Those that have been successful and sustainable are programs that link economics with conservation. Some of these practices may not be appreciated by traditional conservationists, but no one can refute the success of these actions. The saying, “when it pays, it stays,” rings true with snow leopard conservation. Locals have realized that their income and prosperity are linked with the protection of wildlife. For conservation efforts to be effective, it is crucial to involve people who share the snow leopard's mountain environment and provide them with economic incentives for enhancing and protecting the habitat. |
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Notes | Online publication: http://www.perc.org/articles/article1104.php | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 909 | Serial | 532 | ||
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Author | Bhatnagar, Y.V. | ||||
Title | Relocation from wildlife reserves in the Greater and Trans-Himalayas: Is it necessary? | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Conservation and Society | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 6 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 263-270 |
Keywords | wildlife reserves,relocation,Greater Himalayas,Trans-Himalayas; wildlife; reserves; relocation; Himalayas; Himalaya; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya | ||||
Abstract | The Greater and Trans-Himalayan tracts are cold deserts that have severe seasonal and resource scarce environments. Covering the bulk of Indian Himalayas, they are a rich repository of biodiversity values and ecosystem services. The region has a large protected area (PA) network which has not been completely effective in conserving these unique values. The human population densities are much lower (usually < 1 per sq km) than in most other parts of the country (over 300 to a sq km). However, even such small populations can come into conflict with strict PA laws that demand large inviolate areas, which can mainly be achieved through relocation of the scattered settlements. In this paper, I reason that in this landscape relocation is not a tenable strategy for conservation due to a variety of reasons. The primary ones are that wildlife, including highly endangered ones are pervasive in the larger landscape (unlike the habitat 'islands' of the forested ecosystems) and existing large PAs usually encompass only a small proportion of this range. Similarly, traditional use by people for marginal cultivation, biomass extraction and pastoralism is also as pervasive in this landscape. There does exist pockets of conflict and these are probably increasing owing to a variety of changes relating to modernisation. However, scarce resources, the lack of alternatives and the traditional practice of clear-cut division of all usable areas and pastures between communities make resettlement of people outside PAs extremely difficult. It is reasoned that given the widespread nature of the wildlife and pockets of relatively high density, it is important to prioritise these smaller areas for conservation in a scenario where they form a mosaic of small 'cores' that are more effectively maintained with local support and that enable wildlife to persist. These ideas have recently gained widespread acceptance in both government and conservation circles and may soon become part of national strategy for these areas. | ||||
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SLN @ rana @ 914 | Serial | 138 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R. | ||||
Title | On the trail of the elusive snow leopard | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1986 | Publication | World Wildlife Fund Monthly Report | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | May | Issue | Pages | 127-132 | |
Keywords | Wwf; Nepal; asia; browse; world-wildlife-fund; 3130 | ||||
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SLN @ rana @ 92 | Serial | 435 | ||
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Author | Bacha, M.S. | ||||
Title | Snow leopard recovery program for Kishtwar High Altitude National Park Jammu and Kashmir State 1986-7 to 1989-90 | Type | Report | ||
Year | 1990 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-58 | ||
Keywords | Jammu; Kashmir; national park; protection; recovery; snow leopard; wildlife | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Srinagar, Kashmir | Editor | ||
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Notes | Department of Wildlife Protection, Jammu and Kashmir State, Srinagar. Report prepared by Research Officer Mr. M. Shafi Bacha. | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 946 | Serial | 105 | ||
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Author | Zahler, P.; Graham, P. | ||||
Title | War and wildlife: the Afghanistan conflict and its effects on the environment | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-10 | ||
Keywords | war; wildlife; Afghanistan; conflict; effects; environment; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trust; Islt; environmental; Organization; conservation; endangered; mountain; mountain ecosystem; mountain-ecosystem; ecosystem; approach; local; local people; people; Media; government; public; Report | ||||
Abstract | The International Snow Leopard Trust (ISLT) is a nonprofit environmental organization dedicated to the conservation of the endangered snow leopard and its mountain ecosystem through a balanced approach that considers the needs of the local people and the environment. As such, we wish to stress that the ISLT does not have a position regarding the present conflict in Afghanistan. However, this organization believes that there are important repercussions regarding this conflict that have yet to be addressed in the media, within government circles, or among the public. This report documents some of these repercussions so that they may be included in the present dialog. | ||||
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Publisher | International Snow Leopard Trust | Place of Publication | Seattle | Editor | |
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Notes | ISLT special report. Peter Zahler from Wildlife Conservation Society & Peter Graham from ISLT. | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 975 | Serial | 1067 | ||
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