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	Author	Thorel, M.F.; Karoui, C.; Varnerot, A.; Fleury, C.; Vincent, V.
	Title	Isolation of Mycobacterium bovis from baboons, leopards and a sea-lion			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1998	Publication	Vet Res	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	29	Issue	2	Pages	207-212
	Keywords	Animal; Animals; zoo; Carnivora; microbiology; Case; Report; Cattle; Dna; Fingerprinting; Transposable; Elements; Disease; Outbreaks; veterinary; France; Genome; Bacterial; Germany; Male; Monkey; Diseases; diagnosis; epidemiology; Mycobacterium; Infections; bovis; classification; isolation; purification; Papio; Seals; browse; 440
	Abstract	This study reports on two series of cases of Mycobacterium bovis infection in zoo animals. The first was in a captive population of baboons (Papio hamadryas) and the second in a mixed group of wild mammals, including four leopards (Panthera uncia and Panthera pardus) and a sea-lion (Otaria byrona). The isolation and identification of strains of M. bovis confirmed the presence of M. bovis infections in both zoos. The epidemiological study using genetic markers such as the IS6110-based DNA fingerprinting system made it possible to differentiate between M. bovis strains. The M. bovis strains isolated from baboons were shown to contain a single IS6110 copy, as usually do cattle isolates, whereas the M. bovis strains isolated from the other exotic animals presented multiple copies. This finding suggests that the origin of the contamination for the baboons in zoo A could be related to cattle. The origin of the contamination for the leopards and sea-lion in zoo B is more difficult to determine. In conclusion, the authors suggest some recommendations for avoiding outbreaks of tuberculosis infections in zoos.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0928-4249	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Document Type: eng			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 346			Serial	966
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	Author	Kazensky, C.A.; Munson, L.; Seal, U.S.
	Title	The effects of melengestrol acetate on the ovaries of captive wild felids			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1998	Publication	Journal-of-Zoo-and-Wildlife-Medicine	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	29	Issue	1	Pages	1-5
	Keywords	Mga; zoo; felids; contraception; Melengestrol-acetate; ovaries; snow-leopard; Panthera-uncia; snow leopard; browse; uncia; panthera; melengestrol; acetate; 1260; effects; study; ovarian; Ovary; captive; wild; wild felid; Wild-Felid; species; Follicle; Cats; cat; recent; Ovulation; doses; Dose; action; Progestin; Disease; veterinary
	Abstract	Melengestrol acetate (MGA) is the most widely used contraceptive in zoo felids, but the mechanism of contraception and the pathologic effects have not been investigated. For this study, the effects of MGA on folliculogenesis were assessed, and the association of MGA with ovarian lesions was evaluated. Comparisons were made among the histopathologic findings in the ovaries from 88 captive wild felids (representing 15 species) divided into three groups: 37 currently contracepted with MGA, eight previously exposed to MGA, and 43 never contracepted. Ninety-one percent of the felids evaluated had tertiary follicles, and no differences were noted between contracepted and uncontracepted cats. Some MGA-contracepted cats also had corpora lutea indicating recent ovulation. These results indicate that folliculogenesis is not suppressed by current doses of MGA and ovulation occurred in some cats. Therefore, the contraceptive actions of MGA do not occur by suppressing folliculogenesis, and MGA-contracepted felids likely have endogenous estrogens that may confound progestin effects on the uterus. Cystic rete ovarii was the most common pathologic finding, but they were not more prevalent in MGA-contracepted cats. These findings indicate that MGA is not associated with ovarian disease, including ovarian cancer, in contrast to the uterine lesions noted in MGA-treated cats.
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	Notes	Document Type: English. Affiliation: Taylor Veterinary Hospital, Turlock , California 95382, USA			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 348			Serial	527
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	Author	McVittie, R.
	Title	Nursing behavior of snow leopard cubs			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1978	Publication	Applied-Animal-Ethology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	4	Issue	2	Pages	159-168
	Keywords	suckling; behavior; veterinary; zoo; zoos; medical; browse; 1580
	Abstract	Reports that a preliminary project on nursing behavior in 3 young snow leopards revealed 2 phases in suckling pattern: nonnutritive and nutritive. The latter was distinguished by stereotypic rhythmical movements of the ears associated with swallowing. The cubs also demonstrated a teat preference, but the adaptive significance of such preferences and the accompanying agonistic behavior were unclear. (27 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved)(unassigned)
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	Notes	Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 37			Serial	669
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	Author	Kolmstetter, C.; Munson, L.; Ramsay, E.C.
	Title	Degenerative spinal disease in large felids			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	J Zoo Wildl Med	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	31	Issue	1	Pages	15-19
	Keywords	Age-Factors; Animal; Animals; zoo; Autopsy; veterinary; Carnivora; Female; Lions; Male; Age; factor; browse; 110
	Abstract	Degenerative spinal disorders, including intervertebral disc disease and spondylosis, seldom occur in domestic cats. In contrast, a retrospective study of 13 lions (Panthera leo), 16 tigers (Panthera tigris), 4 leopards (Panthera pardis), 1 snow leopard (Panthera uncia), and 3 jaguars (Panthera onca) from the Knoxville Zoo that died or were euthanatized from 1976 to 1996 indicated that degenerative spinal disease is an important problem in large nondomestic felids. The medical record, radiographic data, and the necropsy report of each animal were examined for evidence of intervertebral disc disease or spondylosis. Eight (three lions, four tigers, and one leopard) animals were diagnosed with degenerative spinal disease. Clinical signs included progressively decreased activity, moderate to severe rear limb muscle atrophy, chronic intermittent rear limb paresis, and ataxia. The age at onset of clinical signs was 10-19 yr (median = 18 yr). Radiographic evaluation of the spinal column was useful in assessing the severity of spinal lesions, and results were correlated with necropsy findings. Lesions were frequently multifocal, included intervertebral disc mineralization or herniation with collapsed intervertebral disc spaces, and were most common in the lumbar area but also involved cervical and thoracic vertebrae. Marked spondylosis was present in the cats with intervertebral disc disease, presumably subsequent to vertebral instability. Six of the animals' spinal cords were examined histologically, and five had acute or chronic damage to the spinal cord secondary to disc protrusion. Spinal disease should be suspected in geriatric large felids with decreased appetite or activity. Radiographic evaluation of the spinal column is the most useful method to assess the type and severity of spinal lesions.
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1042-7260	ISBN		Medium
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	Notes	Document Type: eng			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 384			Serial	545
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	Author	Sundberg, J.P.; Van Ranst, M.; Montali, R.; Homer, B.L.; Miller, W.H.; Rowland, P.H.; Scott, D.W.; England, J.J.; Dunstan, R.W.; Mikaelian, I.; Jenson, A.B.
	Title	Feline papillomas and papillomaviruses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Vet Pathol	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	37	Issue	1	Pages	1-10
	Keywords	Animal; Antibodies; Monoclonal; Carnivora; pathology; virology; Cats; Dna; Viral; chemistry; Epitope; Mapping; veterinary; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Lions; Male; Microscopy; Electron; Papilloma; Papillomavirus; Papovaviridae; Infections; skin; neoplasms; Tongue; browse; 120
	Abstract	Papillomaviruses (PVs) are highly species- and site-specific pathogens of stratified squamous epithelium. Although PV infections in the various Felidae are rarely reported, we identified productive infections in six cat species. PV-induced proliferative skin or mucous membrane lesions were confirmed by immunohistochemical screening for papillomavirus-specific capsid antigens. Seven monoclonal antibodies, each of which reacts with an immunodominant antigenic determinant of the bovine papillomavirus L1 gene product, revealed that feline PV capsid epitopes were conserved to various degrees. This battery of monoclonal antibodies established differential expression patterns among cutaneous and oral PVs of snow leopards and domestic cats, suggesting that they represent distinct viruses. Clinically, the lesions in all species and anatomic sites were locally extensive and frequently multiple. Histologically, the areas of epidermal hyperplasia were flat with a similarity to benign tumors induced by cutaneotropic, carcinogenic PVs in immunosuppressed human patients. Limited restriction endonuclease analyses of viral genomic DNA confirmed the variability among three viral genomes recovered from available frozen tissue. Because most previous PV isolates have been species specific, these studies suggest that at least eight different cat papillomaviruses infect the oral cavity (tentative designations: Asian lion, Panthera leo, P1PV; snow leopard, Panthera uncia, PuPV-1; bobcat, Felis rufus, FrPV; Florida panther, Felis concolor, FcPV; clouded leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, NnPV; and domestic cat, Felis domesticus, FdPV-2) or skin (domestic cat, F. domesticus, FdPV-1; and snow leopard, P. uncia, PuPV-2).
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0300-9858	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Document Type: eng			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 385			Serial	948
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	Author	Mainka, S.A.
	Title	Revision of a Total Hip Replacement in a Snow Leopard			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	veterinary; surgery; hip-replacement; medical; captivity; browse; 4250
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	Publisher	ISLT and Wildlife Institute of India	Place of Publication	Usa	Editor	H.Freeman
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes	full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 413			Serial	638
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	Author	Gripenberg, U.; Blomqvist, L.; Pamilo, P.; Soderlnd, V.; Tarkkanene, A.; Whalberg, C.; Varvio-Aho, S.L.; Virtaranta-Knowles, K.
	Title	Multiple Ocular Colomboma (MOC) in Snow Leopards			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1988	Publication	Hereditas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	103	Issue		Pages	221-229
	Keywords	medical; veterinary; medicine; colombomas; browse; 4120
	Abstract
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	Publisher	Internation Snow Leopard Trust and The Wildlife Institute of India	Place of Publication		Editor	H.Freeman
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	Notes	Full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinigar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 414			Serial	355
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	Author	International Snow Leopard Trust
	Title	Snow Leopard News Spring 2001			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2001	Publication	Snow Leopard News	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Annual-Appeals-Fund; conservation-programs; populations; Kyrgyz-Republic; Soviet-Union; China; India; Mongolia; Pakistan; Charudutt; incentive; Woodland-Park-Zoo; cub; Death; veterinary; medicine; Bayarjargal; raffle; Dorothy-McLean; volunteers; poaching; hunting; pelts; furs; bones; herders; killing; livestock; browse; 4360
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Seattle, WA	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Notes	Full Text at URLTable of Contents1.Programs to Expand Thanks to Annual Appeal Funds2.Zoo and ISLT Mark Passing of Snow Leopard Cub3.Irbis Enterprises National Coordinator Visits Seattle4.A Raffle for the Snow Leopard5.Stock Gifts to ISLT6.ISLT Wants You7.Situation Worsens in Kyrgyz Republic8.ISLT Wish List			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 424			Serial	934
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	Author	Wasser, S.
	Title	Snow Leopard Genetics: New Techniques			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1998	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	xvi	Issue		Pages	8
	Keywords	genetics; medicine; veterinary; Dna; feces; scat; browse; 4500
	Abstract
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Seattle	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Notes	Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 438			Serial	1009
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	Author	Hast, M.H.
	Title	The Larynx of Roaring and Non-Roaring Cats			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1989	Publication	The Journal of Anatomy	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Summer	Issue		Pages
	Keywords	veterinary; medicine; Vocal; roaring; sound; browse; 4770
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Seattle	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text At URLJournal Title: Snow Line			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 464			Serial	375
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