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Author |
Yu, N.Z.C.; Wang, X.; He, G.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, A.; Lu, W.; Tang, F. |
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Title |
A revision of genus Uncia Gray, 1854 based on mitochondrial DNA restriction site maps |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
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Acta Theriologica Sinica |
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16 |
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2 |
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105-108 |
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taxonomy; uncia; panthera; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; 1350; Chinese |
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The Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is one of the most threatened wild big cats within its range of distribution, however, the question of its systematic status is a matter of debate. Is it a member of genus Panthera, or is it in its own genus (Uncia)? The analysis of genetic difference at the DNA level may provide useful data to clarify the issue. In the present study, ten hexanucleotide-specific restriction endonucleases were used to evaluate the patterns of mitochondrial DNA variation between the Snow leopard and leopard (P. pardus). The molecular size of mtDNA from the two species was about 16.5 kb. Ten enzymes surveyed 32-34 restriction sites, which corresponded to 192 apprx 204 base pairs, or 1.16% apprx 1.24% of the total mtDNA molecule. A total of 45 restriction sites were mapped; of these sites, twenty-four, which correspond to 53.3% of the total sites, were variable. The sequence divergence between them was 0.075 33, which was undoubtedly in the species-level distinction but did not reach the genus level. Therefore, the Snow leopard should be placed in the genus Panthera rather than in its own ganus. It also seems reasonable to recognize Uncia as a valid subgenus. This conclusion not only support but also supplement the viewpoint of Simpson who treated Uncia as a subgenus within Panthera. |
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Document Type: Chinese |
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SLN @ rana @ 295 |
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1063 |
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Author |
Polking, V.F. |
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Title |
Schneelleopard |
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1996 |
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Das Tier |
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8-15 |
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german; McCarthy; Mongolia; snow leopard |
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Document Type: German; color magazine |
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SLN @ rana @ 297 |
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783 |
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Ahmad, A. |
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Title |
Community-Based Natural Resources Management in Northern Pakistan |
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Conference Article |
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1997 |
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148-154 |
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conservation; livestock; Wwf; Pakistan; herders; herder; snow-leopard; management; Marco-Polo-sheep; grazing; ibex; park; parks; reserve; reserves; refuge; Khunjerab; hunting; hunter; skin; pelt; fur; coat; protected-area; snow leopard; browse; 2950 |
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Islt |
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Lahore, Pakistan |
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R.Jackson and A.Ahmad |
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English |
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Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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SLN @ rana @ 299 |
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41 |
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Ahmad, I.; Hunter, D.O.; Jackson, R. |
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A Snow Leopard and Prey Species Survey in Khunjerab National Park, Pakistan |
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Conference Article |
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1997 |
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92-95 |
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Slims; Islt; Wwf; predator; prey; Pakistan; Khunjerab; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; Marco-Polo-sheep; blue-sheep; surveys; survey; transect; sighn; markings; marking; scrape; spray; ibex; tracks; pug marks; feces; livestock; kill; herder; herders; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; international snow leopard trust; world wildlife fund; marco polo sheep; marco polo; pug; marks; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 2810 |
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Islt |
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Lahore, Pakistan |
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R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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English |
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Title, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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SLN @ rana @ 300 |
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42 |
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Clyde, V.L.; Ramsay, E.C.; Bemis, D.A. |
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Title |
Fecal shedding of Salmonella in exotic felids |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1997 |
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J.Zoo Wildl.Med |
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28 |
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2 |
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148-152 |
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antibiotics; captive-animal-care; diarrhea; endangered; threatened-species; handling-methods; mammals parasites; Diseases; salmonella; zoos; snow-leopard; leopard; salmonellosis; husbandry; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; handling; mammals; parasites; snow; browse; 1320 |
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The authors discuss the occurrence of salmonellosis in collections of exotic felids. Data suggest that zoo employees having contact with cat feces or raw diets have a high rate of occupational exposure to Salmonella and should exercise appropriate hygienic precautions. pcp |
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Milwaukee Cty. Zoo, Milwaukee, WI 53226
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SLN @ rana @ 304 |
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227 |
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Author |
Fox, J.L. |
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Title |
Conflict between predators and people in Ladakh |
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Journal Article |
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1997 |
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Cat News |
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17 |
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18 |
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asia; India; behavior; endangered; threatened-species; mammals; management; predation; public relations; reserves; refuges; parks; wildlife; human-relationships; livestock; sheep; goats; prey; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; protected-area; Hemis; browse; Islt; International; snow; leopard; trust; public; Relations; Human; relationships; protected; 640 |
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During a six-week period in Hemis National Park, Ladakh, India, snow leopards killed 10 sheep and goats and one leopard gained access to a livestock pen and killed many of the animals inside. Dholes also killed sheep and goats, and a wolf killed a young horse. Residents routinely remove snow leopard cubs from their dens to limit future damage by this species. How to deal with the plight of the people living in the area while still protecting the endangered species are major concerns of the International Snow Leopard Trust, which manages Hemis National Park. lgh. |
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AUTHOR ADDRESS: Dep. Ecol./Zool., IBG Univ. Tromso, Tromso, Norway, ORIGINAL SOURCE: Snow Leopard News, Autumn 1997
Document Type: English
Call Number: WR99-007446 |
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SLN @ rana @ 309 |
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310 |
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Kitchener, S.L.; Meritt; Rosenthal, M. |
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Title |
Observations on the breeding and husbandry of snow leopards, Panthera uncia |
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Year |
1975 |
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Int.Zoo Yearbook |
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15 |
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212-217 |
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breeding; husbandry; behavior; captivity; zoos; zoo; browse; 3640; Adult; care; biology; growth; mortality; factor; young; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; program; park |
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Describes adult care and breeding biology, and the care, growth, and mortality factors of young snow leopards in a successful breeding program in the Lincon Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois. |
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SLN @ rana @ 31 |
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535 |
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Hunter, D. |
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Title |
Mongolian-American Snow Leopard Project |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1997 |
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Cat News |
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26 |
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15-16 |
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Keywords |
asia; Mongolia; panthera uncia; endangered; threatened species; mammals; study methods; techniques; telemetry; snow leopard project; distribution; Gobi Desert; threatened; species; snow; leopard; snow-leopard; project; study; methods; panthera; uncia; browse; 630 |
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A snow leopard project is underway to study snow leopards in Mongolia. The project, called the Mongolian-American Snow Leopard Project, involves the Wildlife Conservation Society, the Mongolian Association for the Conservation of Nature and Environment, the National Geographic Society, the Mongolian Ministry of Nature and the Environment, the U.S. National Biological Service, and the International Snow Leopard Trust. The objective of the study is to survey the distribution and status of Mongolia's snow leopards, including those living in the Gobi Desert. klf. |
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AUTHOR ADDRESS: Natl. Biol. Surv., MESC, 4512 McMurray Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80525-3400, NOTES: reprinted from: Snow Line (Intl. Snow Leopard Trust) Vol. XIV, 1996.
Document Type: English
Call Number: WR97-008333 |
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SLN @ rana @ 310 |
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392 |
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Author |
Green, M.J.B.; Zhimbiev, B. |
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Title |
Transboundary Protected Areas and Snow Leopard Conservation |
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1997 |
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194-202 |
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conservation; parks; park; reserve; refuge; snow-leopard; management; Afghanistan; Bhutan; China; Pakistan; Nepal; India; Mongolia; Russia; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; habitat; protected-area; kazakstan; snow leopard; browse; protected; area; 3000 |
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Islt |
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Lahore, Pakistan |
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R.Jackson and A.Ahmad |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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SLN @ rana @ 312 |
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351 |
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Jackson, R.; Ahmad, A. |
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Title |
Introduction to the Proceedings (8th Snow Leopard Symp) |
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1997 |
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ix-x |
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Pakistan; livestock; herders; herder; snow-leopard; predator; predation; prey; habitat; status; distribution; snow leopard; browse; 2020 |
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Allied Press |
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Lahore, Pakistan |
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R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1977 |
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SLN @ rana @ 315 |
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456 |
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Rana, B.S. |
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Distinguishing kills of two large mammalian predators in Spiti Valley Himachal Pradesh |
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1997 |
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J.Bombay Nat.Hist.Soc |
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94 |
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3 |
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553 |
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behavior; endangered; threatened species; foods; feeding; mammals; predation; wildlife; livestock relationships; snow leopard; Tibetan wolf; prey; livestock; India; panthera uncia; canis lupis; browse; threatened; species; relationships; tibetan; wolf; panthera; uncia; canis; lupis; 610 |
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The author studied livestock killed by predators in the Spiti Valley, India, to determine what species had killed yaks, horses, donkeys, and other domestic animals. Eleven of the kills examined were made by snow leopards and six by the Tibetan wolf. Wolves were involved in surplus killings, while snow leopards kill as food is needed. lgh |
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Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 326 |
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804 |
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Sukhbat, K.; Munkhtsog, B. |
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Density and Distribution of Ibex and Argali Sheep in Mongolia |
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1997 |
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121-123 |
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Mongolia; argali; habitat; predator; prey; ibex; ungulates; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; 2840 |
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Islt |
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Lahore, Pakistan |
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R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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SLN @ rana @ 329 |
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942 |
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Sunquist, F. |
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Where cats and herders mix. (snow leopards in Tibet and Mongolia) |
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1997 |
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International Wildlife |
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27 |
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1 |
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27-33 |
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Mongolia; Tibet; herder; livestock; snow-leopard; predator; prey; World-Wildlife-Foundation; habitat; reserve; park; refuge; Pakistan; China; herders; parks; protected-area; snow leopard; browse; Wwf; world wildlife foundation; 1110; snow; leopard; range; territory; central; Central Asia; asia; Animal; region; conservation; wildlife; foundation; border; sheep; Baltistan; enclosures; area; home; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; countries; country; Feed; Cats; cat; mountain; peoples; people |
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The snow leopard inhabits a huge range of territory which encompasses some of Central Asia's most bleak and inhospitable terrains. The animal herders in these regions are desperately poor and yet they have agreed to cooperate with conservation groups in protecting the snow leopard. The World Wildlife Foundation has worked to create a refuge on the Pakistan-China border. Sheep herders near Askole, a village in the Baltistan region of northern Paksitan, drive their flocks past stone enclosures. The area is also home to snow leopards. With their natural prey dminished, leopards in 13 countries of central Asia occasionally feed on livestock, putting the cats on a collision course with mountain peoples. |
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COPYRIGHT 1997 National Wildlife Federation , Jan-Feb 1997 v27 n1 p26(8) Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 330 |
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950 |
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Mishra, C. |
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Livestock depredation by large carnivores in the Indian trans-Himalaya: Conflict perceptions and conservation prospects |
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1997 |
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Environmental Conservation |
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24 |
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4 |
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338-343 |
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canis lupis; carnivore; conflict; human-wildlife conflict; India; livestock; livestock depredation; snow leopard; trans-himalaya; Uncia uncia; wolf |
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Livestock depredation by the snow leopard, Uncia uncia, and the wolf, Canis lupus, has resulted in a human-wildlife conflict that hinders the conservation of these globally-threatened species throughout their range. This paper analyses the alleged economic loss due to livestock depredation by these carnivores, and the retaliatory responses of an agro-pastoral community around Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary in the Indian trans-Himalaya. The three villages studied (80 households) attributed a total of 189 livestock deaths (18% of the livestock holding) over a period of 18 months to wild predators, and this would amount to a loss per household equivalent to half the average annual per capita income. The financial compensation received by the villagers from the Government amounted to 3% of the perceived annual loss. Recent intensification of the conflict seems related to a 37.7% increase in livestock holding in the last decade. Villagers have been killing the wolf, though apparently not the snow leopard. A self-financed compensation scheme, and modification of existing livestock pens are suggested as area-specific short-term measures to reduce the conflict. The need to address the problem of increasing livestock holding in the long run is emphasized. |
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SLN @ rana @ 333 |
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689 |
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Bartlett, L. |
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Title |
Good News for the Bad and the Ugly at CITES Conference |
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Miscellaneous |
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1997 |
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poaching; hunting; trade; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; 1090 |
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And prices can be high. CITES lists the following record payments (in US dollars): Falcon, 200,000; snow leopard skins, 60,000; musk grain, 50,000 per kilogramme; South American parrot, 40,000; Peruvian butterfly, 3,000; orchid, 2,000. Apparently rare creatures are worth the earth, to some people. |
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Journal Title: Agence France-Presse |
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SLN @ rana @ 334 |
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121 |
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Guerrero, D. |
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Title |
Animal behavior concerns & solutions: snow leopard (Uncia uncia) evaluation, zoo |
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Journal Article |
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1998 |
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Anim.Keepers' Forum |
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Volume |
25 |
Issue |
2 |
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56-58 |
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aggressive-behavior; behavior; captive-animal-care; diets; endangered; threatened-species; genetics; handling-methods; intraspecies-relationships; social-behavior; husbandry; zoos; snow leopard; aggressive; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; handling; methods; intraspecies; relationships; social; browse; 1310 |
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The author offers advice on how a captive-raised snow leopard cub could be acclimated to humans so it could be used as a zoo “ambassador”. The cub had negative experiences with humans and lacked socialization with other animals and conspecifics. Methods of avoiding and redirecting the cub's aggressive behavior are suggested. lgh. |
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Ark Anim., Inc., P.O. Box 1154, Escondido, CA 92033-1154. e-mail: arkabc@arkanimals.com
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SLN @ rana @ 338 |
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358 |
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Habibi, K. |
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Title |
The Mammals of Afghanistan: Their Distribution and Status |
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Miscellaneous |
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1977 |
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Afghanistan; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; 2470 |
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Notes personal sighting and several reports of other recent sightings of snow leopard in Afganastan. Some comments on its distribution in the country |
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UNDP/FAO Project Field Document AFG/74/016, Kabul.
Date of Copyright: 1977 |
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SLN @ rana @ 34 |
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367 |
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Reed-Smith, J.; Kumpf, M. |
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Snow leopards (Uncia uncia): family group management alternatives |
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1998 |
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Anim.Keepers' Forum |
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25 |
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10 |
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386-391 |
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behavior; captive-animal-care; endangered; threatened-species; intraspecies-relationships; mammals; techniques; zoos; snow leopard; husbandry; browse; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; intraspecies; relationships; 1300 |
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The authors offer insights into creating family groups of snow leopards in zoos. The programs at the Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado, and at John Ball Zoological Gardens, Grand Rapids, Michigan, are highlighted. lgh. |
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Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 340 |
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814 |
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Shafiq, M.M.; Abid, A. |
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Status of large mammal species in Khunjerab National Park |
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1998 |
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Pakistan Journal of Forestry |
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48 |
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1-4 |
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91-96 |
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Khunjerab-National-Park; large-mammals; endangered species; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; wolf; fox; ibex; sheep; bear; prey; predator; protected-area; Khunjerab; browse; national; park; large; mammals; endangered; species; uncia; protected; 560 |
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Study on the current status of large mammals species population was carried out in Khunjerab National Park, Northern Areas. The observation recorded showed that the population of Tibetan Red fox (Vulpes vulpes montana), Snow leopard (Uncia uncia), and Wolf (Canis lupus) have, though a bit, increased but are still in the rank of “Endangered”. While the population of Himalyan Ibex (Cpara ibex sibirica) is increasing more rapidly and their status is now “Common” in the Park. The limited population of Marcopolo sheep (Ovis ammon polii), Tibetan wild Ass (Equus hemionus kiang) and Brown bear (Urus arctos) is still under threat, and comes them under “Critical Endangered” category. |
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Document Type: English
Call Number: 634.909547 PA |
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SLN @ rana @ 342 |
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879 |
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Kazensky, C.A.; Munson, L.; Seal, U.S. |
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The effects of melengestrol acetate on the ovaries of captive wild felids |
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1998 |
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Journal-of-Zoo-and-Wildlife-Medicine |
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29 |
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1 |
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1-5 |
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Mga; zoo; felids; contraception; Melengestrol-acetate; ovaries; snow-leopard; Panthera-uncia; snow leopard; browse; uncia; panthera; melengestrol; acetate; 1260; effects; study; ovarian; Ovary; captive; wild; wild felid; Wild-Felid; species; Follicle; Cats; cat; recent; Ovulation; doses; Dose; action; Progestin; Disease; veterinary |
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Melengestrol acetate (MGA) is the most widely used contraceptive in zoo felids, but the mechanism of contraception and the pathologic effects have not been investigated. For this study, the effects of MGA on folliculogenesis were assessed, and the association of MGA with ovarian lesions was evaluated. Comparisons were made among the histopathologic findings in the ovaries from 88 captive wild felids (representing 15 species) divided into three groups: 37 currently contracepted with MGA, eight previously exposed to MGA, and 43 never contracepted. Ninety-one percent of the felids evaluated had tertiary follicles, and no differences were noted between contracepted and uncontracepted cats. Some MGA-contracepted cats also had corpora lutea indicating recent ovulation. These results indicate that folliculogenesis is not suppressed by current doses of MGA and ovulation occurred in some cats. Therefore, the contraceptive actions of MGA do not occur by suppressing folliculogenesis, and MGA-contracepted felids likely have endogenous estrogens that may confound progestin effects on the uterus. Cystic rete ovarii was the most common pathologic finding, but they were not more prevalent in MGA-contracepted cats. These findings indicate that MGA is not associated with ovarian disease, including ovarian cancer, in contrast to the uterine lesions noted in MGA-treated cats. |
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Document Type: English. Affiliation: Taylor Veterinary Hospital, Turlock , California 95382, USA |
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SLN @ rana @ 348 |
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527 |
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Sloane, A.; Kelly, C.; McDavitt, S.; Marples, N. |
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Big cats in captivity: a quantitative analysis of enrichment |
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1998 |
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Adv.Etho |
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33 |
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43 |
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abnormal-behavior; behavior; captive-animal-care; endangered; threatened-species; zoos; enrichment; abnormal; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; browse; 1280; study; big; big cats; Cats; cat; zoo; effects; Lions; lion; jaguar; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; behaviour; using; activity; activities; change; presence; enclosures; range; scent; cage; horse; hides; management |
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Studies on three species of big cats at Dublin Zoo have led to firm conclusions about the effects of certain forms of enrichment, some of which will be presented here. Lions, jaguars, and snow leopards were studied over two years and their behaviours quantified using focal animal sampling during selected hours during daylight. By comparison of these activity budgets with and without the enrichments being present, it was possible to identify the exact behavioural changes caused by each enrichment method, and to quantify these changes. In this contribution we present results showing that the presence of a platform in both lion and jaguar enclosures dramatically reduced stereotypic pacing behaviour. We will demonstrate that the effects of short term enrichment devices may have a wide range of effects on behaviours which outlast the presence of the stimulus. For instance scents added to the cage, or food/play items such as horse hides, hidden fish or ice-blocks often reduce pacing and increase resting later in the day, even after the cats have ceased using the enrichment items. This reduction in pacing and increase in resting time often meant that the amount of the enclosure used per hour was actually reduced with the presence of new stimuli, as result opposite to what might have been expected. The results of these studies will be discussed in relation to effective animal management. |
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WILDLIFE REVIEW ABSTRACTS (“Contributions to the International Symposium on Physiology and Ethology of Wild and Zoo Animals, Berlin, Germany, 7-10 October 1998”; Hofer, Heribert; Pitra, Christian; Hofmann, Reinhold R., editors). |
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897 |
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Anandakrishnan, M.B. |
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The snow leopard: Elusive and endangered |
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1998 |
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The Environmental Magazine |
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9 |
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5 |
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18-19 |
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Himalayan; poaching; tourism; development; Nepal; asia; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; 1070 |
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The snow leopard has never been common, but there may be fewer than 4,000 left in its Himalayan habitat, and poaching and tourism-related development in the region could drive its numbers down further. |
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Copyright Earth Action Network, Inc. Sep/Oct 1998
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SLN @ rana @ 352 |
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71 |
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Rothschild, B.M.; Rothschild, C.; Woods, R.J. |
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Inflammatory arthritis in large cats: An expanded spectrum of spondyloarthropathy |
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1998 |
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Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine |
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29 |
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3 |
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279-284 |
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Acinonyx-jubatus; cheetah; Felidae; Felis-concolor; mountain-lion; Felis-pardalis; ocelot; Panthera-leo; African-lion; Panthera-onca; jaguar; Panthera-pardus; leopard; Panthera-tigris; tiger; Panthera-uncia; snow-leopard; snow leopard; Acinonyx; jubatus; felis; concolor; mountain; lion; pardalis; panthera; leo; african; onca; pardus; tigris; uncia; browse; 1240 |
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Spondyloarthropathy was documented for the first time in 14 (3.7%) of 386 large cats, affecting eight species belonging to three genera. The limited distribution of joint erosions, associated with spine and sacroiliac joint pathology, was indistinguishable from that occurring in humans with spondyloarthropathy of the reactive type. This form of inflammatory arthritis is almost twice as common as osteoarthritis (for felids as a whole), and animal well-being may be enhanced by its recognition and by initiation of specific treatment. |
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SLN @ rana @ 353 |
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832 |
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Kinsel, M.J.; Kovarik, P.; Murnane, R.D. |
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Gastric spiral bacteria in small felids |
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1998 |
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Journal-of-Zoo-and-Wildlife-Medicine |
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29 |
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2 |
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214-220 |
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Gastric-spinal-bacteria; snow-leopard; medical; zoo; snow leopard; browse; gastric; spinal; bacteria; 1270 |
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Nine small cats, including one bobcat (Felis rufus), one Pallas cat (F. manul), one Canada lynx (F. lynx canadensis), two fishing cats (F. viverrina), two margays (F. wiedii), and two sand cats (F. margarita), necropsied between June 1995 and March 1997 had large numbers of gastric spiral bacteria, whereas five large cats, including one African lion (Panthera leo), two snow leopards (P. uncia), one Siberian tiger (P. tigris altaica), and one jaguar (P. onca), necropsied during the same period had none. All of the spiral organisms from the nine small cats were histologically and ultrastructurally similar. Histologically, the spiral bacteria were 5-14 mum long with five to nine coils per organism and were located both extracellularly within gastric glands and surface mucus, and intracellularly in parietal cells. Spiral bacteria in gastric mucosal scrapings from the Canada lynx, one fishing cat, and the two sand cats were gram negative and had corkscrew-like to tumbling motility when viewed with phase contrast microscopy. The bacteria were 0.5-0.7 mum wide, with a periodicity of 0.65-1.1 mum in all cats. Bipolar sheathed flagella were occasionally observed, and no periplasmic fibrils were seen. The bacteria were extracellular in parietal cell canaliculi and intracellular within parietal cells. Culture of mucosal scrapings from the Canada lynx and sand cats was unsuccessful. Based on morphology, motility, and cellular tropism, the bacteria were probably Helicobacter-like organisms. Although the two margays had moderate lymphoplasmacytic gastritis, the other cats lacked or had only mild gastric lymphoid infiltrates, suggesting that these organisms are either commensals or opportunistic pathogens. |
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Anonymous |
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Livestock Predation Control Workshop |
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1999 |
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Lahul-Spiti; Ladakh; Hemis; parks; reserves; refuge; protected-area; argali; abix; blue-sheep; wolves; distribution; status; population; poaching; hunting; trade; skins; livestock; pelts; coat; fur; bones; medicine; prey-depletion; herders; habitat; habitat-degradation; tourism; Tmi; Islt; predator; prey; conflict; compensation; trekking; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; depletion; degradation; international snow leopard trust; 3940 |
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Full Text at URLDate of Meeting: Ladakh (1999 Oct 6- Oct 10 ) |
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SLN @ rana @ 359 |
Serial |
86 |
|
Permanent link to this record |