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Machado, C., Brown, P., & Turner, R. (1984). Dental crown restorations on a snow leopard. Journal Of Zoo Animal Medicine, 15(4), 146–150.
Abstract: In the spring of 1983 the San Francisco Zoo received a female snow leopard (Panthera uncia) as part of an exotic animal exchange program with the People's Republic of China. Upon examination, it was found that this nine-yea old, seventy-five pound, wild-trapped animal had sustained considerable dental injuries, including fractures of all maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. The purpose of this paper is to describe the dental procedures undertaken to restore the physiological function of all four canines.
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Lane, B. C. (1984). Stalking the snow leopard: a reflection on work. The Christian Century, 101, 79.
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Keen, B. (1984). The snow leopard (illicit furs). New Statesman, 107, 20.
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Braden, K. (1984). Nature Preserves of the Soviet Union. In L.Blomqvist (Ed.), (pp. 11–14). Helsinki: Leif Blomqvist and Helsinki Zoo.
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Anonymous. (1903). The Snow Leopard. Zoological Society Bulletin, Oct, 109.
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Pollock, R. V., & Carmichael, L. E. (1983). Use of modified live feline panleukopenia virus vaccine to immunize dogs against canine parvovirus. Am J Vet Res, 44(2), 169–175.
Abstract: Modified live feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) vaccine protected dogs against canine parvovirus (CPV) infection. However, unlike the long- lived (greater than or equal to 20-month) immunity engendered by CPV infection, the response of dogs to living FPLV was variable. Doses of FPLV (snow leopard strain) in excess of 10(5.7) TCID50 were necessary for uniform immunization; smaller inocula resulted in decreased success rates. The duration of immunity, as measured by the persistence of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody, was related to the magnitude of the initial response to vaccination; dogs with vigorous initial responses resisted oronasal CPV challenge exposure 6 months after vaccination, and hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies persisted in such dogs for greater than 1 year. Limited replication of FPLV in dogs was demonstrated, but unlike CPV, the feline virus did not spread to contact dogs or cats. Adverse reactions were not associated with living FPLV vaccination, and FPLV did not interfere with simultaneous response to attenuated canine distemper virus.
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Berenstein, F. (1984). The snow leopard. Fusion in an Elaborated Delusional Fantasy. Am J Psychoanal, 44(4), 377–397.
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Schmidt, R. E., Eisenbrandt, D. L., & Hubbard, G. B. (1984). Tyzzer's disease in snow leopards. J Comp Pathol, 94(1), 165–167.
Abstract: Tyzzer's disease was diagnosed histologically in 2 litters of newborn snow leopard kittens. The gross and histological lesions were similar to those reported in domestic cats and other animals. No signs of illness was noted in either of the snow leopard dams.
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Turner, L. (1980). Oklahoma City Zoo-Twenty Nine Snow Leopards. Int.Ped Book of Snow Leopards, 2, 96–111.
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Aromov, B. (1982). The Materials of the Numbers of Dispersed Animal Species in Kyzylsu Nature Reserve..
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Braden, K. (1982). The Geographical Distribution of the Snow Leopard in the USSR: Maps of Areas of Snow Leopard Habitation in the USSR. International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, 3, 25–39.
Abstract: Reviews published information from the USSR vs past status of the snow leopard in various parts of its range within that country. Maps provide locations in the USSR of evidence of snow leopard occurence from published records of the species over the last 100 yrs.
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Schaller, G. B. (1980). Stones of Silence: Journeys in the Himalaya. New York: Viking Press.
Abstract: Anecdotal description of wildlife field studies in the Himalaya, including information on snow leopard natural history and an encounter with snow leopards in Pakistan.
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Green, M. J. B. (1982). Status, distribution and conservation of the Snow leopard in North India. In International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards (pp. 7–10).
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Norberg-Hodge, H. (1981). Ladakh: Developement without Destruction. In J. S. Lall (Ed.), The Himalaya: Aspects of Change (pp. 278–284). New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
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Freeman, H. (1983). Behavior in adult pairs of captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia). Zoo Biology, 2(1), 1–22.
Abstract: Eight adult pairs of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) were observed for one to three years in the months December through March to determine the species' social and reproductive characteristics in captivity. To statistically examine the occurrence of behaviors as a function of estrus, the observation weeks were divided into three time blocks: before estrus, estrus, and after estrus. Using percentage of scan samples as an estimate of time spent in various behaviors, 16 behaviors and combined behavior categories were examined for (1) behaviors that differentiated successfully from unsuccessfully breeding pairs, (2) sex differences in behavior, (3) significant correlations between pair members, and (4) behaviors that showed time block effects. The rationale for identifying a behavioral profile of successful breeders in snow leopards was to aid zoos in their captive management programs by increasing their knowledge of the social behavior of this species. By finding correlates to breeding success, informed decisions on whether to change partners after a certain period of time, how to group the cats, and the optimum strategy for a survival plan can be made. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved
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Jackson, R., & Fox, J. L. Snow Leopard and Prey Species Workshop in Bhutan.
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Rieger, I., & Peters, G. (1981). Observations on the mating and vocal behavior of snow leopards (Uncia-uncia) in zoological garden. Zeitschrift Fur Saugetierkunde International Journal of Mamamalian Biology, 46(1), 35–48.
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Gaston, A. J., Garson, P. J., & Hunter, M. L. (1983). The status and conservation of forest wildlife in Himachal Pradesh, Western Himalayas. Biological Conservation, 27(4), 291–314.
Abstract: The wildlife of temperate forest ecosystems in the Western Himalayas is threatened by destruction of habitat and hunting. Two species of pheasants occuring in the survey area (western tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus and cheer pheasant Catreus wallichi) are listed in the IUCN Red Data Book (1979). Small populations of both species were located and information on their habitat requirements was obtained. The status of most large mammal species appears to be precarious, with the populations encountered being small and fragmented. Species formerly common but now rare include Himalayan brown bear Ursus arctos, Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus and musk deer Moschus moschiferus. The snow leopard Panthera uncia has disappeared completely from the area.-from Authors
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White, S. D., Stannard, A. A., Ihrke, P. J., & Rosser, E. J. (1981). Therapy of demodicosis in snow leopard challenged. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 178(9), 877–878.
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Kuznetsnov, G. U., & Matyushkin, E. N. (1980). The snow leopard hunts. Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards, 11, 44–48.
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Jackson, R. (1979). Aboriginal hunting in West Nepal with reference to musk deer (Moschus moschiferous) and the snow leopard (Panthera uncia). Biol.Conservation, 16, 63–72.
Abstract: Describes local hunting methods,economics of hunting and estimated impact on snow leopard populations. Comments on conservation measures taken by government of Nepal
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Rieger, I. (1980). Some difficulty breeding ounces, (Uncia uncia) at zoological gardens. Int.Ped Book of Snow Leopards, 2, 76–95.
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Liao, Y. F. (1985). The Geographical Distribution of Ounces in Qinghai Province. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 5(3), 183–188.
Abstract: This paper deals with the geographical distribution of ounces (Panthera uncia) in Qinghai Province. Ounces are distributed in 20 counties- Guide, Huzhu, Menyuan, Qilian, Tianjun, Dulan, Golmud, Guinan, Xinghai, Zhidoi, Zadoi, Nangqen, Yushu, Chindu, Qumarleb, Madio, Maqen, Jigzhi, Baima, Darlag. Among them, there fore 4 counties- Qilian, Tianjun, Dulan, Zadoi, in which the number of ounces are bigger. The number of ounces are shown in table 2. There are altogether 73 ounces (40 male, 33 female) which is supported to every park of China for ornamental, they were captured by fellow-villagers, and 44 ounces (23 male, 21 female) of them are below 6 months old, 9 ounces (6 male, 3 female) of them are 1 year old, 2 ounces (male) are 2 years old, and 18 ounces (9 male, 9 female) are adults.
Ounces live at an altitude of 3000-4100 metres above the sea, and prefer to eat Bharal (Pseudois noyour). Its breeding period goes from April to June, the number of embryos being 2-3.
A female ounce was successfully reproduced for the first time at Xining People's Park of China, in Spetember, 1984, and she gave birth to 3 young ounces.
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Sayer, J. A. (1980). The conservation of the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) in Afghanistan. International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, 2, 55–61.
Abstract: Outlines status and distribution as well as recent sightings of snow leopard in Afganastan
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Andriuskevicius, A. (1980). Occurrance of Snow Leopards in the Soviet Union. International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, 2, 59–69.
Abstract: Outlines status and distribution of snow leopard in USSR, including comments on reserves created for the species.
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