Records |
Author |
Broder, J.; MacFadden, A.; Cosens, L.; Rosenstein, D.; Harrison, T. |
Title |
Use of Positive Reinforcement Conditioning to Monitor Pregnancy in an Unanesthetized Snow Leopard
(Uncia uncia) via Transabdominal Ultrasound |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Zoo Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
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Pages |
78-85 |
Keywords |
desensitization; fetal development; operant conditioning; pregnancy detection; primiparous; snow leopard; zoo |
Abstract |
Closely monitoring snow leopard (Uncia uncia) fetal developments via transabdominal ultrasound, with minimal stress to the animal, was the goal of this project. The staff at Potter Park Zoo has used the principles of habituation, desensitization, and positive reinforcement to train a female snow leopard (U. uncia). Ultrasound examinations were preformed on an unanesthetized feline at 63 and 84 days. The animal remained calm and compliant throughout both procedures. Fetuses were observed and measured on both occasions. The absence of anesthesia eliminated components of psychologic and physiologic stress associated with sedation. This was the first recorded instance of transabdominal ultrasound being carried out on an unanesthetized snow leopard. It documents the feasibility of detecting pregnancy and monitoring fetal development via ultrasound. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 905 |
Serial |
196 |
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Author |
Sulser, C.E.; Steck, B.L.; Baur, B. |
Title |
Effects of construction noise on behaviour of and exhibit use by Snow leopards Uncia uncia at Basel zoo |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
Year |
2008 |
Publication |
International Zoo Yearbook |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
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Pages |
199-205 |
Keywords |
behaviour; captive; construction noise; exhibit use; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; zoo |
Abstract |
Noise caused by human activities can cause stress in animals. We examined whether noise from construction sites affects the behaviour of and exhibit use by three Snow leopards Uncia uncia at Basel zoo. The behaviour and location of the animals were recorded at 1 minute intervals, using the instantaneous scan sampling method over a period of 216 hours (104 hours on noisy days and 112 hours on quiet days). The animals differed individually in their responses to the construction noise. On noisy days, the Snow leopards generally spent less time in locomotion and more time resting, but even on quiet days, resting was the predominant behaviour performed. Under noisy conditions, they increased social resting and decreased resting alone. Walking and social walking were also reduced on noisy days. Furthermore, the Snow leopards spent considerably more time in the remote offexhibit enclosure under noisy conditions. Independent of background noise, they stayed more than half of the time in the caves and the forecourts of the outdoor enclosure. On quiet days, the Snow leopards used more sectors of their exhibit than on noisy days. The results indicate that the Snow leopards responded to construction noise by increasing the amount of time spent resting and by withdrawing to the remote parts of their exhibit. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 910 |
Serial |
943 |
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Author |
Burgener, N.; Gusset, M.; Schmid, H. |
Title |
Frustrated appetitive foraging behavior, stereotypic pacing, and fecal glucocorticoid levels in snow leopards (Uncia uncia) in the Zurich Zoo |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
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Pages |
74-83 |
Keywords |
behavior; captive; fecal; feeding strategy; physiological; snow leopard; zoo |
Abstract |
This study hypothesized that permanently frustrated, appetitive-foraging behavior caused the stereotypic pacing regularly observed in captive carnivores. Using 2 adult female snow leopards (Uncia uncia), solitarily housed in the Zurich Zoo, the study tested this hypothesis experimentally with a novel feeding method: electronically controlled, time-regulated feeding boxes. The expected result of employing this active foraging device as a successful coping strategy was reduced behavioral and physiological measures of stress, compared with a control-feeding regime without feeding boxes. The study assessed this through behavioral observations and by evaluating glucocorticoid levels noninvasively from feces. Results indicated that the 2 snow leopards did not perform successful coping behavior through exercising active foraging behavior or through displaying the stereotypic pacing. The data support a possible explanation: The box-feeding method did not provide the 2 snow leopards with the external stimuli to satisfy their appetitive behavioral needs. Moreover, numerous other factors not necessarily or exclusively related to appetitive behavior could have caused and influenced the stereotypic pacing. |
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SLN @ rana @ 915 |
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202 |
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Author |
Blomqvist, L. |
Title |
The Global Studbook Report 2002 for Snow Leopards: Decline of a Pedigree Species |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
Year |
2003 |
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Keywords |
global; studbook; Report; snow leopard; captivity; zoo; 5720 |
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Place of Publication |
Helsinki |
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Journal Title: Helsinki Zoo, Annual Report 2003 |
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no |
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 93 |
Serial |
169 |
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Author |
Yanfa, L.; Huanwen, L. |
Title |
A preliminary study on the rearing and breeding of ounce |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Acta Theriologica Sinica |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
93-99 |
Keywords |
captivity; husbandry; zoos; breeding; reproduction; mating; rearing; browse; 3710; Chinese |
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China |
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Document Type: Chinese |
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SLN @ rana @ 96 |
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1045 |
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Author |
Izold, J. |
Title |
Snow Leopard Enterprise: a conservation project that saves an endangered species and supports needy families |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Anim.Keepers' Forum |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
359-364 |
Keywords |
snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; conservation; project; endangered; endangered species; endangered-species; species; Support; union; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; wild; Iucn; Animals; Animal; tiger; extinction; former; zoo; Freeman; trust; work; cat; community-based; projects; Sle; impact; poverty; community; Mongolia; Kyrgyz; Kyrgyz-Republic; republic; Pakistan; 300; economic; incentives; prey; sustainable; herding; number; territory; income; training; products; wool; local; local people; people; zoos; Woodland-Park-Zoo; park; zoological; ecosystem |
Abstract |
The World Conservation Union listed the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) as endangered in 1974. With as few as 3,500 snow leopards left in the wild, scientists placed the snow leopard on the IUCN Red List of critically endangered species shared by animals such as the giant panda and tiger. In an effort to save the snow leopard from extinction, former zoo employee Helen Freeman founded the Snow Leopard Trust in 1981. The Snow Leopard Trust works to save this elusive cat by incorporating community-based conservation projects. One of these project Leopard Enterprise (SLE), impacts poverty stricken communities in Mongolia, Kyrgyz Republic, and Pakistan. It assists over 300 families in its conservation efforts. The economic incentives provided via SLE have led participating communities not to harm the snow leopard or its prey, and to practice sustainable herding. Since the project began in 1997, the number of snow leopards harmed around the communities' territories has dropped to near zero. Additionally, the annual income of families that utilize the benefits of SLE has increased by 25% to 40%. SLE creates this economic benefit by providing the training and equipment necessary to make desirable products from the wool of herd animals. Snow Leopard Trust then purchases these handicraft items from the local people and them globally. Zoos can expand their conservation efforts by simply offering these items in their gift shops. Woodland Park Zoo (WPZ) was the first zoological institution to sell the products, and WPZ continues to generate revenue from them. SLE is a golden opportunity for zoos to increase revenue, assist poor families, and save an endangered species and fragile ecosystem. |
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American Association of Zoo Keepers |
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Topeka, Kansas |
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Author from Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland, OH, USA |
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SLN @ rana @ 976 |
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425 |
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Author |
Wahlberg, C.; Tarkkanen, A.; Blomqvist, L. |
Title |
Further observations on the multiple ocular coloboma (MOC) in the snow leopard, Panthers uncia |
Type |
Book Chapter |
Year |
1982 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
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3 |
Issue |
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Pages |
139-144 |
Keywords |
observations; multiple; Coloboma; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia; International; pedigree; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; Syndrome; eye; colobomatous; retinal; Retinal-Dysplasia; dysplasia; Case; zoo; factor |
Abstract |
The first observation of the occurrence of multiple ocular coloboma (MOC) in a snow leopard was reported in the International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Volume I in 1978 (1). The lesions in this syndrome consist of coloboma of the upper eye lid and uveal coloboma of the globe. Even colobomatous retinal cysts and retinal dysplasia have been noted. The ethiology of in all ten cases of MOC in the snow leopards kept at the Helsinki Zoo were described and discussed in detail in Volume II of the International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards (2,3). Three cases of MOC in the snow leopards kept at Henry Doorly Zoo, Omaha, Ne., have been described by Phillips (4), one case is known of in Amsterdam (van Bree, personal communication), and two cases in Zoo Zurich (Isenbugel and Weilenmann, pers. comm.) The ethiology of the defect is still not known although various theories ranging from genetic to exogenous factors have been presented. |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 982 |
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1000 |
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Author |
Omar, K. |
Title |
Gift of snow leopard cub concern conservationists |
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Newspaper Article |
Year |
1986 |
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Unknown |
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cub; snow leopard; zoo |
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Karachi |
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SLN @ rana @ 986 |
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754 |
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Author |
Rishi, V. |
Title |
Snow leopards breed at Darjeeling Zoo |
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Journal Article |
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1989 |
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Zoo's Print |
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1-4 |
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India; snow leopard; zoo |
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SLN @ rana @ 988 |
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824 |
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Author |
Mainka, S.A. |
Title |
Snow leopard surgery |
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Magazine Article |
Year |
1986 |
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Calgary Zoo Newsletter |
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10-10 |
Keywords |
snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; surgery; zoo; veterinary; veterinary service |
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Dr. Sue Mainka, Veterinary Services. |
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SLN @ rana @ 996 |
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637 |
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