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| Author | Mongolian Biosphere & Ecology Association | ||||
| Title | Mongolian Biosphere & Ecology Association Report March 2010 | Type | Manuscript | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | nature; tourism; surveys; survey; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; attack; domestic; Animals; Animal; illegal; illegal hunting; hunting; territory; province; 2010; hunt; 1990; movements; movement; pasture; desert; number; species; birds; river; mountain; hunters; hunter; recent; government; structure; management; national; central; people; Report; gobi; Gobi Desert; reproduction; Adult; meat; food; ibex; wild; wild sheep; sheep; marmot; nutrition; schools; population; use; local; big; big game; big-game; game; 310; mountains; wolves; wolf; Seasons; times; zones; global; Mongolia; 40; history; ecology | ||||
| Abstract | In accordance with order of the Ministry of Nature and Tourism, zoologists of our association have made surveys in three ways such as reasons why snow leopards attack domestic animals, “Snow leopard” trial operation to count them and illegal hunting in territories of Khovd, Gobi-Altai, Bayankhongor, Uvurkhangai and Umnugobi provinces from September 2009 to January 2010. As result of these surveys it has made the following conclusions in the followings: Reason to hunt them illegally: the principal reason is that administrative units have been increased and territories of administrative units have been diminished. There have been four provinces in 1924 to 1926, 18 since 1965, 21 since 1990. Such situation limits movements of herdsmen completely and pastures digressed much than ever before. As result of such situation, 70% of pastures become desert. Such digression caused not only heads of animals and also number of species. Guarantee is that birds such as owls, cuckoo, willow grouse in banks of Uyert river, Burkhanbuudai mountain, located in Biger soum, Gobi-Altai province, which are not hunted by hunters, are disappearing in the recent two decades. For that reason we consider it is urgently necessary for the government to convert administrative unit structures into four provinces. This would influence herdsmen moving across hundreds km and pastures could depart from digression. Second reason: cooperative movement won. The issues related to management and strengthening of national cooperatives, considered by Central Committee of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party in the meeting in March 1953 was the start of cooperatives' movement. Consideration by Yu. Tsedenbal, chairman of Ministers Council, chairman of the MPRP, on report “Result of to unify popular units and some important issues to maintain entity management of agricultural cooperatives” in the fourth meeting by the Central Committee of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party /MPRP/ on December 16-17, 1959, proclaimed complete victory of cooperative. At the end of 1959, it could unify 767 small cooperative into 389 ones, unify 99.3 % of herdsmen and socialize 73.3 % of animals. The remaining of animals amount 6 million 163 thousands animals, and equals to 26.7% of total animals. This concerned number of animals related to the article mentioned that every family should have not more that 50 animals in Khangai zone and not more 75 animals in Gobi desert. It shows that such number could not satisfy needs of family if such number is divided into five main animals in separating with reproduction animals and adult animals. So herdsmen started hunt hoofed animals secretly and illegally in order to satisfy their meat needs. Those animals included main food of snow leopard such as ibex, wild sheep, and marmot. Third reason is that the state used to hunt ibex, which are main nutrition of snow leopards, every year. The administrative unit of the soum pursued policy to hunt ibex in order to provide meat needs of secondary schools and hospitals. That's why this affected decrease of ibex population. Preciously from 1986 to 1990 the permissions to hunt one thousands of wild sheep and two thousands of ibexes were hunt for domestic alimentary use every year. Not less than 10 local hunters of every soum used to take part in big game of ibexes. Also they hunted many ibexes, chose 3-10 best ibexes and hid them in the mountains for their consummation during hunting. Fourth reason: hunting of wolves. Until 1990 the state used to give prizes to hunter, who killed a wolf in any seasons of the year. Firstly it offered a sheep for the wolf hunter and later it gave 25 tugrugs /15 USD/. Every year, wolf hunting was organized several times especially picking wolf-cubs influenced spread and population of wolves. So snow leopard came to the places where wolves survived before and attack domestic animals. Such situation continued until 1990. Now population of ibexes has decreased than before 1990 since the state stopped hunting wolves, population of wolves increased in mountainous zones. We didn't consider it had been right since it was natural event. However population of ibexes decreased. Fifth reason: Global warming. In recent five years it has had a drought and natural disaster from excessive snow in the places where it has never had such natural disasters before. But Mongolia has 40 million heads of domestic animals it has never increased like such quantity in its history before. We consider it is not incorrect that decrease of domestic animals could give opportunities to raise population of wild animals. Our next survey is to make attempt to fix heads of snow leopards correctly with low costs. |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number  |
SLN @ rana @ 1100 | Serial | 705 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Mallon, D.P. | ||||
| Title | A Further Report on The Snow Leopard in Ladakh | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1988 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 89-97 | ||
| Keywords | Ladakh; India; ecology; Protected-area-network; reserves; parks; refuge; habitat; field study; tracking; scrapes; marking; feces; behavior; status; distribution; browse; 1680 | ||||
| Abstract | A detailed knowledge of the ecology of a species is fundemental to the drawing up of effective conservation measures. One aim of the current project was to identify good areas of snow leopard habitatand evaluate them for possible inclusion in the Protected Area Network. Several good areas were surveyed and an outstanding area identified, and included in a report to the Chief Wildlife Warden. | ||||
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| Publisher | Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India | Place of Publication | India | Editor | H.Freeman |
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| Notes | Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 118 | Serial | 645 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Mallon, D.P.; Nurbu, C. | ||||
| Title | A Conservation Program for the Snow Leopard in Kashmir | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1988 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 207-214 | ||
| Keywords | conservation; ecology; parks; reserves; refuge; habitat; herders; herder; status; Protected-area-network; education; grazing; hunting; furs; pelts; browse; protected; area; network; 1780 | ||||
| Abstract | This program was drawn up at the invitation of the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State of Jammu and Kashmir, Mir Inayat Ullah, following joint survey work and discussions held over the period 1980-86. The recomendations have been accepted and will be incorporated into Department of Wildlife Protection policy. The aim of the program is the long term conservation of the snow leopard on a self sustaining basis throughout the state. Two basic assumptions underlie the program: (1) The snow leopard cannot be protected in isolation, but only in the context of conservation of the environment as a whole, and (2) To be most effective, any long term plan needs the cooperation of local people and must take into account their needs and traditional rights. | ||||
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| Publisher | International Snow Leopard Trust and The Wildlife Institute of India | Place of Publication | India | Editor | H.Freeman |
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| Notes | Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 122 | Serial | 646 | ||
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| Author | Fox, J.L. | ||||
| Title | A review of the status and ecology of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1989 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | status; ecology; distribution; browse; behavior; Russia; China; Mongolia; Soviet-Union; Pakistan; India; Nepal; Afganastan; Bhutan; mating; sexual-behavior; research; surveys; scrapes; sprays; habitat; 2050 | ||||
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| Notes | Full Text at URL | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 137 | Serial | 294 | ||
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| Author | Ali, S.M. | ||||
| Title | The Cats of India | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1990 | Publication | Myforest | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 26 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 275-291 |
| Keywords | lion; clouded-leopard; cheetah; tiger; leopard; snow-leopard; India; Panthera-leo; Neofelis-nebylosa; Acinonyx-jubatus; Panthera-tigris; Panthera-pardus; Panthera-uncia; behavior; ecology; snow leopard; browse; panthera; uncia; pardus; clouded; leo; neofelis; nebylosa; ancinonyx; jubatus; 820 | ||||
| Abstract | Describes the range, behaviour and ecology of lion Panthera leo, tiger P. tigris, leopard P. pardus, snow leopard P. uncia, clouded leopard Neofelis nebylosa and cheetah Acinonyx jubatus. -P.J.Jarvis | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
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SLN @ rana @ 144 | Serial | 59 | ||
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| Author | Koshkarev, E.P. | ||||
| Title | The snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan. The composition of the area, ecology, and protection | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 1989 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Kyrgyzstan; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; ecology; conservation; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; 2580; Russian | ||||
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| Notes | Frunze. In Russian. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 152 | Serial | 572 | ||
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| Author | Novikov, G.A. | ||||
| Title | Carnivorous mammals of the fauna of the USSR | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 1962 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Ussr; Russia; ecology; distribution; skull-illustration; Soviet-Union; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; skull illustrations; skull; illustrations; 3140 | ||||
| Abstract | Brief review of physical characteristics, (skull illustration) ecology and distribution | ||||
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| Publisher | Zool. Inst. Acad. Sci. | Place of Publication | Ussr | Editor | |
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| Notes | Translated 1962, Isreali Program for Scientific Translations, Washington D.C. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 16 | Serial | 728 | ||
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| Author | Zhirjakov, V.A. | ||||
| Title | On the ecology of the snow leopard in the Zailisky-Alatau (Northern Tien Shan) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1990 | Publication | Int Ped Book of Snow Leopards | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 6 | Issue | Pages | 25-30 | |
| Keywords | Tien-Shan; ecology; China; browse; Kazakhstan; Russia; Soviet-Union; distribution; population; prey; behavior; food-habits; scat-analysis; 3240 | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available at URL | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 168 | Serial | 1078 | ||
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| Author | Oli, M.K. | ||||
| Title | The ecology and conservation of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 1991 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | annapurna; conservation; area; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; ecology; Nepal; parks; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; potected-area; protected; browse; 2390 | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
| Publisher | University of Edinburgh, Scotland. | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Phil. thesis | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 183 | Serial | 742 | ||
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| Author | Jackson, R. | ||||
| Title | Species Survival Commission Plan for Snow Leopard | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1992 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | conservation; management; ecology; browse; 2080 | ||||
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| Notes | Unpub. draft for Cat Specialist Action Plan, IUCN, Gland. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 192 | Serial | 449 | ||
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