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Author Oli, M.
Title Snow leopards and blue sheep in Nepal: Densities and predator: Prey ratio Type Miscellaneous
Year 1994 Publication Journal of Mammalogy Abbreviated Journal
Volume 75 Issue Pages 998-1004
Keywords snow leopard,Panthera uncia,blue sheep,Pseudois nayaur,density,predator:prey ratio,harvest rate,livestock predation,Nepal
Abstract I studied snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in Manang District, Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal, to estimate numbers and analyze predatorprey interactions. Five to seven adult leopards used the 105-km2 study area, a density of 4.8 to 6.7 leopards/100 km2. Density of blue sheep was 6.6-10.2 sheep/km2, and biomass density was 304 kg/km2. Estimated relative biomass consumed by snow leopards suggested that blue sheep were the most important prey; marmots (Marmota himalayana) also contributed significantly to the diet of snow leopards. Snow leopards in Manang were estimated to harvest 9-20% of total biomass and 11-24% of total number of blue sheep annually. Snow leopard :blue sheep ratio was 1 :1 14-1 :159 on a weight basis, which was considered sustainable given the importance of small mammals in the leopard's diet and the absence of other competing predators.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number (down) SLN @ rana @ 894 Serial 741
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Author Oli, M.K.; Taylor, K.R.; Rogers, M.E.
Title Snow leopard Panthera uncia predation of livestock: An assessment of local perceptions in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal Type Miscellaneous
Year 1994 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 68 Issue Pages 63-68
Keywords snow leopard,blue sheep,livestock predation,public attitudes,Annapurna Conservation Area,Nepal.
Abstract Public attitudes towards snow leopard Panthera uncia predation of domestic livestock were investigated by a questionnaire survey of four villages in snow leopard habitat within the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal Most local inhabitants were subsistence farmers, many dependent upon yaks, oxen, horses and goats, with an average livestock holding of 26.6 animals per household. Reported losses to snow leopards averaged 0.6 and O. 7 animals per household in two years of study, constituting 2.6% of total stockholding but representing in monetary terms almost a quarter of the average annual Nepali national per capita income. Local people hem strongly negative attitudes towards snow leopards and most suggested that total extermination of leopards was the only acceptable solution to the predation problem. Snow leopards were reported to be killed by herdsmen in defence of their livestock. The long-term success of snow leopard conservation programmes may depend upon the satisfactory resolution of the predation conflict. Some possible ways of reducing predation losses are also discussed.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number (down) SLN @ rana @ 893 Serial 753
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Author Ale, S.B.; Yonzon, P.; Thapa, K.
Title Recovery of snow leopard Uncia uncia in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park, Nepal Type Miscellaneous
Year 2007 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal
Volume 41 Issue Pages 89-92
Keywords Nepal; recovery; Sagarmatha Mount Everest National Park; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; surveys; survey; snow; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia; Uncia-uncia; valley; Sagarmatha; national; national park; National-park; park; using; information; management; system; research; transects; transect; sign; areas; area; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; 40; Himalayan; tahr; musk; musk-deer; deer; location; recent; species; grazing; land; Forest; habitat; domestic; wild; ungulates; ungulate; livestock; tourism; development; traditional; land use; land-use; use; wildlife
Abstract From September to November 2004 we conducted surveys of snow leopard Uncia uncia signs in three major valleys in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park in Nepal using the Snow Leopard Information Management System, a standardized survey technique for snow leopard research. We walked 24 transects covering c. 14 km and located 33 sites with 56 snow leopard signs, and 17 signs incidentally in other areas. Snow leopards appear to have re-inhabited the Park, following their disappearance c. 40 years ago, apparently following the recovery of Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus and musk deer Moschus chrysogaster populations. Taken together the locations of all 73 recent snow leopard signs indicate that the species is using predominantly grazing land and shrubland/ open forest at elevations of 3,000-5,000 m, habitat types that are also used by domestic and wild ungulates. Sagarmatha is the homeland of c. 3,500 Buddhist Sherpas with .3,000 livestock. Along with tourism and associated developments in Sagarmatha, traditional land use practices could be used to ensure coexistence of livestock and wildlife, including the recovering snow leopards, and ensure the wellbeing of the Sherpas.
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Notes http://www.snowleopardnetwork.org/bibliography/Ale_2007.pdf Approved no
Call Number (down) SLN @ rana @ 884 Serial 58
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Author Jackson, R.
Title Aboriginal hunting in West Nepal with reference to musk deer (Moschus moschiferous) and the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) Type Journal Article
Year 1979 Publication Biol.Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 16 Issue Pages 63-72
Keywords Nepal; hunting; poaching; predator; prey; browse; 3720
Abstract Describes local hunting methods,economics of hunting and estimated impact on snow leopard populations. Comments on conservation measures taken by government of Nepal
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Notes Approved no
Call Number (down) SLN @ rana @ 55 Serial 433
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Author Gurung, Gand T.K.
Title Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) and Human Interaction in Phoo Village in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal Type Miscellaneous
Year 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords phoo; annapurna conservation area; Nepal; livestock; human interaction; conflict management; yaks; goats; sheep; horse; corral; 5280
Abstract Phoo village in the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) in Nepal is located at 4,052 m als physically

in the central north of the country. Livestock keeping is the main activity of the people for making a

living amidst a conflict with snow leopard (Uncia uncia). Each year snow leopard kills a number of

livestock resulting significant economic losses for the poor people living in this remote area. Unless

the people – snow leopard conflict is well understood and appropriate conflict management activities

are implemented, the long run co-existence between people and snow leopard – especially the

existence of snow leopard in this part of the world -will be in question. This has now become an

utmost important as the aspiration of the people for economic development has risen significantly and

the area has been opened to tourism since spring 2002. In addition to this, the globalisation process has

directly and indirectly affected the traditional resource management practices and co-existence

strategies of many traditional societies including Phoo.

The livestock depredation for 3 years (2001 – 2004) by snow leopard was studied by interviewing the

herders to understand the responsible and specific bio-physical and socio-economic factors. The study

revealed that goats are most depredated species followed by sheep. Winter months (January – April)

and winter pastures are most vulnerable to snow leopard predation. Presence of bushes, forest and

boulders make good hides for snow leopard resulting into high depredation. The study also showed

that a lax animal guarding system was significantly responsible for high livestock depredation by snow

leopard.

The study showed that improvement in livestock guarding system should be adopted as the most

important activity. However despite the importance of livestock in the economy of Phoo it is still not

well understood why the herders neglect for proper livestock guarding. This requires further study.

Proper guarding system is required especially in winter season in winter pastures. It is also suggested

that there should be changes in the composition of livestock species by promoting more yaks and

discouraging or minimising goats. Yaks and large animals are less depredated and small animals like

goats and sheep are highly depredated by snow leopard. A trend was also observed in Phoo village

where there is an increase in the number of yaks and a decrease in the number of goats over last few

years. This could be a management response of the herders to livestock depredation. Other protective

measures of the livestock at the corrals have also been recommended including promotion of guard

dogs and other measures.

Since the area is opened for tourism, it is suggested that the tourism opportunity for the economic

development of the area should be grasped so that the heavy dependence on livestock raising would be

minimised. This will help minimise the number of human – snow leopard conflicts.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number (down) SLN @ rana @ 513 Serial 363
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Author Jackson, R.M.
Title Snow Leopards in Nepal Type Journal Article
Year 1979 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal
Volume 15 Issue Pages 191-195
Keywords Nepal; status; distribution; conservation; hunting; hunters; poaching; pelts; fur; coat; browse; 2160
Abstract Reviews in detail occurence, status, and conservation measures related to snow leopards in Nepal. Estimates 150-300 snow leopards in Nepal. Local hunters can get 10 to 50 US dollars for a pelt
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Notes Document Type: English Approved no
Call Number (down) SLN @ rana @ 50 Serial 477
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Author Jackson, R.
Title Snow Leopard Status, Distribution, and Protected Areas Coverage Type Conference Article
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords snow; leopard; status; distribution; range; China; Bhutan; conservation; protection; protected; protect; areas; Afghanistan; Nepal; Ussr; population; kyrgystan; Pakistan; Uzbekistan; Kazakhstan; Tajikistan; 4980
Abstract This document reports on the status, distribution and protected areas coverage for snow leopard across its range in Central Asia. It is intended to aid in updating the existing knowledge base of snow leopard status and distribution during the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy (SLSS) Workshop organized by the International Snow Leopard Trust (ISLT), and to be held in Seattle on May 21-25, 2002. The SLSS workshop provides an unique opportunity to solicit feedback from scientists,

conservation organizations, government agencies and knowledgeable experts in order to:

(1) Verify the accuracy of information presented in this document (much of which was published 5-10 years ago) and to identify data gaps, especially with respect to population size and protectedareas coverage for this species;

(2) Aid organizations in developing tightly targeting conservation actions by identifying critical snow leopard areas, parks and reserves, and by implication, the intervening linking corridors linking key protected areas;

(3) Serve as a catalyst for encouraging range-countries to conduct field surveys into snow leopard status and distribution, especially in those areas deemed the most important to the maintenance of a viable metapopulation across the 12 countries in which the species' occurs.
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Islt Editor
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Notes Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA Approved no
Call Number (down) SLN @ rana @ 484 Serial 470
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Author Fox, J.L.; Jackson, R.M.
Title Blue Sheep and Snow Leopards in Bhutan and Trans-Himalayan Nepal: Recent Status Evaluations and Their Application to Research and Conservation Type Conference Article
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords blue; sheep; Nepal; snow; leopard; status; Himalaya; Himalayan; Bhutan; population; indices; conservation; monitoring; 4930
Abstract
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Islt Editor
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Notes abstract onlyTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA Approved no
Call Number (down) SLN @ rana @ 479 Serial 311
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Author Ale, S.B.; Karky, B.S.
Title Observations on Conservation of Snow Leopards in Nepal Type Conference Article
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords 4880; bio; conservation; diversity; enclave; leopard; management; Nepal; poverty; protected; protection; religion; uncia
Abstract The wild populations of snow leopards are threatened in Nepal. For their effective conservation, this paper seeks to build a strategy based not only on protected enclaves but also on landscapes, using an integrated grass-roots approach that essentially reduces poverty and addresses the needs of human beings and that of wildlife. Also equally relevant in places with a strong hold by religious and cultural authorities in the decision-making processes is the recognition and possible integration of cultural and traditional belief systems in overall snow leopard conservation schemes.
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Islt Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA Approved no
Call Number (down) SLN @ rana @ 474 Serial 57
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Author Ale, S.B.
Title Religion and Snow Leopards in Nepal Type Miscellaneous
Year 1998 Publication Snow Line Abbreviated Journal
Volume xvi Issue Pages 10-10
Keywords Nepal; religion; tourism; Culture; folklore; buddhism; 4850
Abstract
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Journal Title: Snow Line Approved no
Call Number (down) SLN @ rana @ 472 Serial 56
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