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Author | Blomqvist, L. | ||||
Title | The 1980 annual report of the captive snow leopard (Panthera uncia) population and a review at the breeding results during the 1970's | Type | Report | ||
Year | 1981 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 32-50 | ||
Keywords | zoo; Report; 1980; captive; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; population; breeding; 1970 | ||||
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Publisher | Helsinki Zoo | Place of Publication | Helsinki | Editor | |
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Helsinki Zoo Annual Report | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
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SLN @ rana @ 998 | Serial | 154 | ||
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Author | Yanfa, L.; Huanwen, L. | ||||
Title | A preliminary study on the rearing and breeding of ounce | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1986 | Publication | Acta Theriologica Sinica | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 6 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 93-99 |
Keywords | captivity; husbandry; zoos; breeding; reproduction; mating; rearing; browse; 3710; Chinese | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | China | Editor | ||
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Notes | Document Type: Chinese | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 96 | Serial | 1045 | ||
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Author | Nishine, Y. | ||||
Title | Development of the captive breeding programme (SSCJ) in Japan 1997-2001 | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 8 | Issue | Pages | 25-26 | |
Keywords | captive; captive breeding; Japan | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
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SLN @ rana @ 925 | Serial | 722 | ||
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Author | Blomqvist, L. | ||||
Title | Conservation Measurements taken for the Captive Snow Leopard, Panthera uncia, Population and a Report of Fluctuations in Stock in 1983 | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1984 | Publication | Int.Ped Book of Snow Leopards | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 4 | Issue | Pages | 55-71 | |
Keywords | captivity; zoo; zoos; status; breeding; reproduction; conservation; browse; 2920 | ||||
Abstract | Reports on conservation measures over the past 10 years. Notes current snow leopard exchange programs between zoos in the US and USSR and Europe. Describes status and reproductive success of the captive snow leopard population, list animals currently in captivity. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
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SLN @ rana @ 79 | Serial | 160 | ||
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Author | Pokrovskiy V.S. | ||||
Title | The role of zoos in conservation of rare predator mammal species | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1979 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 54-56 | ||
Keywords | snow leopard; captive breeding; Zoo.; 7950; Russian | ||||
Abstract | Snow leopards are kept in 50 zoos worldwide, where some 70 animals were born. There are 26 snow leopards in 28 zoos of the USSR. The zoos of Chicago and Kaunas are specialized in breeding snow leopards. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic fundamentals of protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals. | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 773 | Serial | 781 | ||
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Author | Marma B.B.and Yunchis V.V. | ||||
Title | A contribution to biology of the Snow-leopard (Panthera uncia uncia) (by observations in captivity) | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1968 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | XLVII, issue 11. | Issue | Pages | 1689-1694 | |
Keywords | Lithuania; Kaunas zoological garden; breeding; blood characteristics; physiological characteristics; captivity; duration of pregnancy; birth; cubs; feeding; snow leopard.; 7610; Russian | ||||
Abstract | The methods to obtain the progeny of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia uncia) in captivity were being elaborated in the zoological garden of Kaunas, Lithuanian SSR. The blood characteristics for snow leopards is given and compared to that for African lions and Sumatrian tigers. A series of internal, external and clinical indices is established. The rat lasts for 5-7 day, the duration of pregnancy equals 98 days. The duration of lactation varies from 3 to 4 months. Sexual maturity is attained on the 3rd-4th year. From 1960 to 1967 in zoological garden of the world about 29 snow leopards were born, 14 of them in the Kaunas zoological garden. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoological journal | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 739 | Serial | 648 | ||
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Author | Kovshar A.F. | ||||
Title | Snow leopard. Uncia uncia | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1985 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 85-86 | ||
Keywords | Kazakhstan; snow leopard; distribution; diet; wild ibex; argali; number; breeding; poaching; over livestock; nature reserves.; 7400; Russian | ||||
Abstract | In the Soviet Union snow leopard inhabits highlands of Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Altai and the Sayans. In Kazakhstan, this species can be found in Jungara Alatau, Tien Shan, Tarbagatai, Saura, and Altai; formerly was seen at the Karatau ridge. It mostly preys on ibex and argali. The heat time is February April, cubs are born in May June. Its population has decrease because of the initiation of livestock grazing on mountain pastures, poaching, and wild ungulates population shrinkage. This species is protected in Aksu Jabagly and Almaty nature reserves. More nature reserves need to be established in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: In the world of rare animals. | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 718 | Serial | 584 | ||
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Author | Kovalev A.K. | ||||
Title | Markhor in the Ramit nature reserve, Tajikistan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1990 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Vol.3. | Issue | Pages | 247-248 | |
Keywords | Tajikistan; Khazratishok ridge; Darvaza ridge; markhor; number; nature conservation; zakaznik; Ramit nature reserve; captive breeding; prey species; snow leopard.; 7320; Russian | ||||
Abstract | The marchor habitat in Tajikistan is fragmented. The animals are reproduced in enclosures of the Ramit nature reserve and released into wildlife in Khel canyon. Two females were killed by snow leopard. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR present and future. | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 710 | Serial | 577 | ||
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Author | Turner, L. | ||||
Title | Oklahoma City Zoo-Twenty Nine Snow Leopards | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1980 | Publication | Int.Ped Book of Snow Leopards | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 2 | Issue | Pages | 96-111 | |
Keywords | zoos; captivity; husbandry; zoo; breeding; housing; browse; 3690 | ||||
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Notes | Discusses breeding, housing, aquisition, history | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 66 | Serial | 974 | ||
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Author | Grachev Yu.A. | ||||
Title | Snow leopard | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1996 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Vol.1.Animals. Part 1.Vertebrates. | Issue | Pages | 246-247 | |
Keywords | Kazakhstan; Red Data book; category of threat; distribution; number; conservation measure; captive breeding; snow leopard.; 6810; Russian | ||||
Abstract | Status: rare (Category III). Distribution: Tien Shan mountains, Tarbagatai, Saur and Altai mountains. Total number in Kazakhstan does not exceed 200 individuals. The main threats are poaching and reduction number of preys. In Almaty Zoo captive breeding was successful in 1976 and 1985. Snow leopard is protected in Aksu Jabagly, Almaty and Markakol nature reserves. To ensure the survival of the species it is necessary to establish a reserve in Dzhungar mountains and to improve protection in existing nature reserves. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: The Red data book of Kazakhstan. | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 659 | Serial | 343 | ||
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Author | Burgelo T.B. | ||||
Title | Brief information of snow leopard | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1986 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 54-55 | ||
Keywords | Kazakhstan; snow leopard; records; analysis of food remains; captive breeding.; 6400; Russian | ||||
Abstract | This article describes the encounters with snow leopard and their traces in various areas of Kazakhstan. In the Aksu Djabagly nature reserve, population of snow leopard does not exceed 10-12 animals. There were found remains of moral, argali, ibex, small birds, red-tailed marmot, hare (Lepus talai), mouse rodents and plants. One encounter with snow leopard is known to have occurred in the Greater Almaty Canyon in 1971-1981. There are no less than 25 snow leopards in the Jungar Ala-Tau. Snow leopard was found in the Aksu river valley, ridge Saur, and South Altai. The following number of snow leopards was kept in Kazakhstan's zoos, as of January 1, 1984: two males in Alma-Ata, one female in Chimkent. In 1976, one cub was born in the Alma-Ata zoo. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare animals of Kazakhstan. | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 618 | Serial | 201 | ||
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Author | Freeman, H. | ||||
Title | Behavior in adult pairs of captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1983 | Publication | Zoo Biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 2 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 1-22 |
Keywords | behavior; zoo; zoos; captive; captivity; estrus; breeding; mating; veterinary; browse; 1600 | ||||
Abstract | Eight adult pairs of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) were observed for one to three years in the months December through March to determine the species' social and reproductive characteristics in captivity. To statistically examine the occurrence of behaviors as a function of estrus, the observation weeks were divided into three time blocks: before estrus, estrus, and after estrus. Using percentage of scan samples as an estimate of time spent in various behaviors, 16 behaviors and combined behavior categories were examined for (1) behaviors that differentiated successfully from unsuccessfully breeding pairs, (2) sex differences in behavior, (3) significant correlations between pair members, and (4) behaviors that showed time block effects. The rationale for identifying a behavioral profile of successful breeders in snow leopards was to aid zoos in their captive management programs by increasing their knowledge of the social behavior of this species. By finding correlates to breeding success, informed decisions on whether to change partners after a certain period of time, how to group the cats, and the optimum strategy for a survival plan can be made. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved | ||||
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Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 60 | Serial | 319 | ||
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Author | Bannikov A.G. | ||||
Title | We must save them | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1982 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 49-50 | ||
Keywords | Ussr; endangered species; Red Data book; snow leopard; biology; distribution; number; captive breeding; conservation.; 6160; Russian | ||||
Abstract | It describes the USSR's fauna species included in the Red Data Book and gives an assessment of endangered species conservation practices throughout the world. It says about ways and perspectives of conservation and rehabilitation of rare animals in the USSR. It provides brief information concerning snow leopard's biology, distribution, number, opportunities for captive breeding, and international conservation activities aimed to protect this species. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in Russian | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 594 | Serial | 113 | ||
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Author | Rieger, I.; Peters, G. | ||||
Title | Observations on the mating and vocal behavior of snow leopards (Uncia-uncia) in zoological garden | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1981 | Publication | Zeitschrift Fur Saugetierkunde International Journal of Mamamalian Biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 46 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 35-48 |
Keywords | mating; breeding; vocalization; zoos; zoo; veterinary; behavior; browse; 1570 | ||||
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Notes | Publisher:GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG, JENA Document Type: German | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 59 | Serial | 821 | ||
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Author | Aromov B. | ||||
Title | The Biology of the Snow Leopard in the Hissar Nature Reserve | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 108-109 | ||
Keywords | Uzbekistan; snow leopard; Hissar ridge; Hissar nature reserve; number; diet; breeding.; 6070; Russian; work; Data; biology; snow; snow-leopard; leopard; nature; reserve; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; times; tracks; pugmarks; Feed; ibex; kills; kill; Age; records; predation; Case; horses; horse; marmot; Himalayan; domestic; goat; wild; wild boar; sheep; Cattle; attack | ||||
Abstract | The work contains data on biology snow leopard in Hissar nature reserve, Uzbekistan. The number of snow leopards in this reserve has increased from two or four in 1981 to between 13 and 17 individuals in 1994. Since 1981, snow leopards have been sighted 72 times and their tracks or pugmarks 223 times. In the Hissar Nature Reserve snow leopards largely feed on ibex. Over a period of 14 years, 92 kills and remains of ibex aged from one to thirteen years of age have been examined. Other records of predation, by the number of events observed, include 33 cases of juvenile and mature horses, 25 long-tailed marmot (Marmota caudata). 18 Himalayan snowcock (Tetraogallus himalayemis), 17 domestic goat, 13 wild boar (Sus scrofa), five domestic sheep and three incidents involving cattle. Twenty-two attacks on domestic flocks were reported, and these occurred during both the daytime and at night. Snow leopards usually mate between the 20th of February and March 20th. The offspring are born in late April to May, and there are usually two per litter (23 encounters), although a single litter of three has also been recorded. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceeding of 8th International Snow Leopard Symposium Islamabad. | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 586 | Serial | 99 | ||
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Author | Rieger, I. | ||||
Title | Some difficulty breeding ounces, (Uncia uncia) at zoological gardens | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1980 | Publication | Int.Ped Book of Snow Leopards | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 2 | Issue | Pages | 76-95 | |
Keywords | breeding; captivity; zoo; zoos; monagamy; behavior; browse; 3670 | ||||
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Notes | discusses monagamy in snow leopards | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 54 | Serial | 819 | ||
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Author | Liao, Y.F. | ||||
Title | The Geographical Distribution of Ounces in Qinghai Province | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1985 | Publication | Acta Theriologica Sinica | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 5 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 183-188 |
Keywords | China; Qinghai; distribution; browse; 5470; ounce; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; province; 20; Qilian; number; 40; Male; Female; park; Adult; bharal; Pseudois; breeding; people; birth; young; Chinese | ||||
Abstract | This paper deals with the geographical distribution of ounces (Panthera uncia) in Qinghai Province. Ounces are distributed in 20 counties- Guide, Huzhu, Menyuan, Qilian, Tianjun, Dulan, Golmud, Guinan, Xinghai, Zhidoi, Zadoi, Nangqen, Yushu, Chindu, Qumarleb, Madio, Maqen, Jigzhi, Baima, Darlag. Among them, there fore 4 counties- Qilian, Tianjun, Dulan, Zadoi, in which the number of ounces are bigger. The number of ounces are shown in table 2. There are altogether 73 ounces (40 male, 33 female) which is supported to every park of China for ornamental, they were captured by fellow-villagers, and 44 ounces (23 male, 21 female) of them are below 6 months old, 9 ounces (6 male, 3 female) of them are 1 year old, 2 ounces (male) are 2 years old, and 18 ounces (9 male, 9 female) are adults. Ounces live at an altitude of 3000-4100 metres above the sea, and prefer to eat Bharal (Pseudois noyour). Its breeding period goes from April to June, the number of embryos being 2-3. A female ounce was successfully reproduced for the first time at Xining People's Park of China, in Spetember, 1984, and she gave birth to 3 young ounces. |
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Notes | Document Type: Chinese | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 531 | Serial | 617 | ||
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Author | Rieger, I. | ||||
Title | Management techniques of captive ounces, (Uncia uncia) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1978 | Publication | Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 1 | Issue | Pages | 50-70 | |
Keywords | husbandry; rearing; captivity; zoos; zoo; housing; breeding; mating; browse; 3660 | ||||
Abstract | Presents a comparison of housing and techniques for care and breeding at 16 zoos. Includes comments on factors which may influence breeding | ||||
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SLN @ rana @ 46 | Serial | 817 | ||
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Author | Freeman, H. | ||||
Title | Resolutions Conservation of Snow Leopard, Fifth International Snow Leopard Symposium | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1988 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 267-269 | ||
Keywords | conservation; preserves; parks; protected-areas; habitat; reserves; corridors; prey; threats; hunting; poaching; fragmentation; degradation; tourism; reserach; training; breeding; browse; 4230 | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Usa | Editor | ||
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Notes | Full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 411 | Serial | 320 | ||
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Author | Koivisto, I.; Wahlberg, C.; Muuronnen, P. | ||||
Title | Breeding the snow leopard (Panthera Uncia) at the Helsinki Zoo 1967-1976 | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1977 | Publication | Int.Zoo Yearbook | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 17 | Issue | Pages | 39-44 | |
Keywords | breeding; captivity; husbandry; zoos; zoo; mating; browse; 3650 | ||||
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SLN @ rana @ 36 | Serial | 541 | ||
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Author | Wharton, D.; Mainka, S.A. | ||||
Title | Management and husbandry of the snow leopard Uncia uncia | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | International Zoo Yearbook | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 35 | Issue | Pages | 139-147 | |
Keywords | breeding; captive-management; diet; enclosures; housing; husbandry; nutrition; veterinary-care; zoo; browse; veterinary; care; captive; management; 1290 | ||||
Abstract | The international studbook for the Snow leopard Uncia uncia was established in 1976. The species has been the focus of intensive captive management and as at 1 January 1992, 541 animals were maintained at 160 collections. This paper gives an overview of the diet, housing, breeding and captive management of the species with specific reference to animals maintained in North American collections. A summary of veterinary care reported in the Snow leopard captive-management survey is also given. | ||||
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Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 331 | Serial | 1018 | ||
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Author | Lanier, D.L.; Dewsbury, D.A. | ||||
Title | A quantitative study of copulatory behaviour of large Felidae | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1976 | Publication | Behavioural-Processes | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 1 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 327-333 |
Keywords | behavior; breeding; mating; copulation; veterinary; zoo; zoos; medical; reproduction; browse; 1590 | ||||
Abstract | Observed a total of 109 copulations in 6 male-female pairs from 4 species of large Felidae. The mean intromission durations were 3.0 sec for Asian leopards (Panthera pardus), 3.3 sec for African leopards (P. pardus), 12.9 sec for snow leopards (Uncia uncia), 2.3 sec for spotted jaguars (P. onca), 3.3 sec for black jaguars (P. onca), and 12.4 sec for Siberian tigers (P. tigris). Behavioral patterns were qualitatively similar across species; all displayed a copulatory pattern with no lock, no intravaginal thrusting, ejaculation on a single insertion, and multiple ejaculations. Whereas domestic cats are reported to assume a neck grip and to tread prior to insertion, these larger Felidae generally did so after intromission had been achieved. After copulation, females of some pairs swiped at the male and displayed a rolling after-reaction. (18 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved)(unassigned) | ||||
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Notes | Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers BV. | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 32 | Serial | 610 | ||
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Author | Kitchener, S.L.; Meritt; Rosenthal, M. | ||||
Title | Observations on the breeding and husbandry of snow leopards, Panthera uncia | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1975 | Publication | Int.Zoo Yearbook | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 15 | Issue | Pages | 212-217 | |
Keywords | breeding; husbandry; behavior; captivity; zoos; zoo; browse; 3640; Adult; care; biology; growth; mortality; factor; young; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; program; park | ||||
Abstract | Describes adult care and breeding biology, and the care, growth, and mortality factors of young snow leopards in a successful breeding program in the Lincon Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
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SLN @ rana @ 31 | Serial | 535 | ||
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Author | Dhungel, S. | ||||
Title | Conservation of the Snow Leopard in Nepal | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 47-50 | ||
Keywords | Nepal; conservation; livestock; herder; herders; poaching; hunting; pelts; fur; coat; skin; distribution; status; behavior; predator; prey; breeding; Himalaya; park; parks; reserve; refuge; protected-area; biology; habitat; scent; spray; tracks; scrapes; home-range; mating; bharal; blue-sheep; goral; tahr; musk-deer; blue; sheep; browse; musk; deer; 3030 | ||||
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Usa | Editor | Fox, J.L.; Jezing, D. |
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Notes | full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 306 | Serial | 241 | ||
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Author | Aramov, B. | ||||
Title | The Biology of the Snow Leopard in the Gissarsky Nature Reserve | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 108-109 | ||
Keywords | breeding; diet; predator; prey; reserve; reserves; park; parks; refuge; livestock; marmot; goat; sheep; horse; ibex; habitat; Gissarsky; Tajikistan; Russia; Ussr; Soviet-Union; behavior; wolves; Dogs; herder; herders; protected-area; browse; soviet; union; soviet union; 2820 | ||||
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Lahore, Pakistan | Editor | Jackson, R. and A.A. |
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Notes | Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad. PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 | Approved | no | ||
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SLN @ rana @ 302 | Serial | 95 | ||
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