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Author (down) Kinsel, M.J.; Kovarik, P.; Murnane, R.D.
Title Gastric spiral bacteria in small felids Type Journal Article
Year 1998 Publication Journal-of-Zoo-and-Wildlife-Medicine Abbreviated Journal
Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 214-220
Keywords Gastric-spinal-bacteria; snow-leopard; medical; zoo; snow leopard; browse; gastric; spinal; bacteria; 1270
Abstract Nine small cats, including one bobcat (Felis rufus), one Pallas cat (F. manul), one Canada lynx (F. lynx canadensis), two fishing cats (F. viverrina), two margays (F. wiedii), and two sand cats (F. margarita), necropsied between June 1995 and March 1997 had large numbers of gastric spiral bacteria, whereas five large cats, including one African lion (Panthera leo), two snow leopards (P. uncia), one Siberian tiger (P. tigris altaica), and one jaguar (P. onca), necropsied during the same period had none. All of the spiral organisms from the nine small cats were histologically and ultrastructurally similar. Histologically, the spiral bacteria were 5-14 mum long with five to nine coils per organism and were located both extracellularly within gastric glands and surface mucus, and intracellularly in parietal cells. Spiral bacteria in gastric mucosal scrapings from the Canada lynx, one fishing cat, and the two sand cats were gram negative and had corkscrew-like to tumbling motility when viewed with phase contrast microscopy. The bacteria were 0.5-0.7 mum wide, with a periodicity of 0.65-1.1 mum in all cats. Bipolar sheathed flagella were occasionally observed, and no periplasmic fibrils were seen. The bacteria were extracellular in parietal cell canaliculi and intracellular within parietal cells. Culture of mucosal scrapings from the Canada lynx and sand cats was unsuccessful. Based on morphology, motility, and cellular tropism, the bacteria were probably Helicobacter-like organisms. Although the two margays had moderate lymphoplasmacytic gastritis, the other cats lacked or had only mild gastric lymphoid infiltrates, suggesting that these organisms are either commensals or opportunistic pathogens.
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Notes Document Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 354 Serial 534
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Author (down) Kichloo, M. A., Sharma, K., Sharma, N.
Title Climate casualties or human disturbance? Shrinking distribution of the three large carnivores in the Greater Himalaya Type Journal Article
Year 2023 Publication Springer – Climatic Change Abbreviated Journal
Volume 176 Issue 118 Pages 1-17
Keywords Snow leopard · Common leopard · Asiatic black bear · Climate change · Multi- season occupancy analysis · Local ecological knowledge · Imperfect detection
Abstract Mammalian carnivores are key to our understanding of ecosystem dynamics, but most of them are threatened with extinction all over the world. Conservating large carnivores is often an arduous task considering the complex relationship between humans and carnivores, and the diverse range and reasons of threats they face. Climate change is exacerbating the situation further by interacting with most existing threats and amplifying their impacts. The Mountains of Central and South Asia are warming twice as rapidly as the rest of the northern hemisphere. There has been limited research on the effect of climate change and other variables on large carnivores. We studied the patterns in spatio-temporal distribution of three sympatric carnivores, common leopard, snow leopard, and Asiatic black bear in Kishtwar high altitude National Park, a protected area in the Great Himalayan region of Jammu and Kashmir. We investigated the effects of key habitat characteristics as well as human disturbance and climatic factors to understand the spatio-temporal change in their distributions between the early 1990s and around the year 2016–2017. We found a marked contraction in the distribution of the three carnivores between the two time periods. While snow leopard shifted upwards and further away from human settlements, common leopard and Asiatic black bear suffered higher rates of local extinctions at higher altitudes and shifted to lower areas with more vegetation, even if that brought them closer to settlements. We also found some evidence that snow leopards were less likely to have faced range contraction in areas with permanent glaciers. Our study underscores the importance of climate adaptive conservation practices for long-term management in the Greater Himalaya, including the monitoring of changes in habitat, and space-use patterns by human communities and wildlife.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1724
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Author (down) Khatoon, R., Hussain, I., Anwar, M., Nawaz, M. A.
Title Diet selection of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Chitral, Pakistan Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication Turkish Journal of Zoology Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 14 Pages 914-923
Keywords Snow leopard, conservation, seasonal variation, diet composition, Chitral, Pakistan
Abstract Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is an elusive endangered carnivore found in remote mountain regions of Central Asia, with

sparse distribution in northern Pakistan, including Chitral and Baltistan. The present study determined the food habits of snow leopard,

including preferred prey species and seasonal variation in diet. Fifty-six scat samples were collected and analyzed to determine the

diet composition in two different seasons, i.e. summer and winter. Hair characteristics such as cuticular scale patterns and medullary

structure were used to identify the prey. This evidence was further substantiated from the remains of bones, claws, feathers, and other

undigested remains found in the scats. A total of 17 prey species were identified; 5 of them were large mammals, 6 were mesomammals,

and the remaining 6 were small mammals. The occurrence of wild ungulates (10.4%) in the diet was low, while livestock constituted a

substantial part (26.4%) of the diet, which was higher in summer and lower in winter. Mesomammals altogether comprised 33.4% of

the diet, with palm civet (Paguma larvata) as a dominant (16.8%) species, followed by golden marmot (Marmota caudate) (8.8%), which

was higher in winter. There was a significant difference in seasonal variation in domestic livestock and small mammals. The livestock

contribution of 26.4% observed in the present study indicates a significant dependence of the population on livestock and suggests

that the study area is expected to be a high-conflict area for snow leopards. The results of the current study would help improve the

conservation efforts for snow leopards, contributing to conflict resolution and effective management of this endangered cat.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1459
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Author (down) Khatiwada, J.R.; Chalise, M.K.; Kyes, R.
Title Survey of Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) and Blue Sheep (Pseudois nayaur) populations in the Kangchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), Nepal. Final report Type Report
Year 2007 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-13
Keywords survey; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; Pseudois; pseudois nayaur; Pseudois-nayaur; nayaur; populations; population; conservation; area; Nepal; Report; study; information; management; system; Slims; relative abundance; abundance; transects; transect; length; sign; scrapes; scrape; 20; feces; scent; pugmarks; hairs; Hair; using; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; patterns; herders; herder; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; Animals; Animal
Abstract This study was carried out in the Kangchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), Eastern Nepal from Feb – Nov 2007. We used the Snow Leopard Information Management System, SLIMS (second order survey technique) to determine the relative abundance of snow leopard in the upper part of KCA. Altogether, 36 transects (total length of 15.21 km) were laid down in the major three blocks of KCA. 104 Signs (77 scrapes, 20 feces, 2 Scent mark, 3 Pugmarks and 2 hairs) were recorded. Fixed-point count method was applied for blue sheep from appropriate vantage points. We counted total individual in each herd using 8x42 binocular and 15-60x spotting scope. A total of 43 herds and 1102 individuals were observed in the area. The standard SLIMS questionnaire was conducted to find out relevant information on livestock depredation patterns. Out of 35 households surveyed in KCA, 48% of herders lost livestock due to snow leopards. A total of 21 animals were reportedly lost due to snow leopards from August to September 2007.
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Notes Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1070 Serial 533
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Author (down) Khanal, G., Poudyal, L. P., Devkota, B. P., Ranabhat, R., Wegge, P.
Title Status and conservation of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in Api Nampa Conservation Area, Nepal Type Journal Article
Year 2018 Publication Fauna & Flora International Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-8
Keywords Api Nampa Conservation Area, bharal, Nepal, Panthera uncia, Pseudois nayaur, snow leopard
Abstract The snow leopard Panthera uncia is globally

threatened and reliable information on its abundance,

distribution and prey species is a prerequisite for its conservation.

In October-November 2014 we assessed the distribution

of the snow leopard in the recently established Api

Nampa Conservation Area in the Nepal Himalayas.

Within selected blocks we conducted sign surveys and

counted the number of bharal Pseudois nayaur, its principal

wild prey, along transects totalling 106 km.We recorded 203

putative snow leopard signs at an encounter rate of 1.91

signs/km. Generalized linear models of the number of

signs detected per transect showed that elevation had a positive

influence and human activities a negative influence on

sign encounter rate; prey abundance had only a weak positive

influence on sign encounter rate. Within the effectively

surveyed area of c. 2002 km2, we counted 527 bharal at an estimated

density of 2.28 animals/km2. Recruitment of bharal

was low, estimated at 48 kids/100 adult females, most likely a

result of poor or overgrazed rangeland. We estimate

the total number of bharal in this conservation area to be

.>1,000, a prey base that could sustain 6-9 snow leopards.

Based on our field observations, we identified human disturbance

and habitat degradation associated with extraction

of non-timber forest products, livestock grazing, and poaching

as the main threats to the snow leopard. Standardized

sign surveys, preferably supplemented by sampling with

remote cameras or with genetic analysis of scats would

provide robust baseline information on the abundance of

snow leopards in this conservation area.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1473
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Author (down) Khanal, G., Mishra, C., Suryawanshi, K. R.
Title Relative influence of wild prey and livestock abundance on carnivore-caused livestock predation Type Journal Article
Year 2020 Publication Ecology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-11
Keywords conservation conflict, human carnivore conflict, large mammalian carnivore, livestock depredation, Nepal, Shey Phoksundo National Park, snow leopard
Abstract Conservation conflict over livestock depredation is one of the

key drivers of large mammalian carnivore declines worldwide. Mitigating

this conflict requires strategies informed by reliable knowledge of

factors influencing livestock depredation. Wild prey and livestock

abundance are critical factors influencing the extent of livestock

depredation. We compared whether the extent of livestock predation by

snow leopards Panthera uncia differed in relation to densities of wild

prey, livestock, and snow leopards at two sites in Shey Phoksundo

National Park, Nepal. We used camera trap-based spatially explicit

capture–recapture models to estimate snow leopard density;

double-observer surveys to estimate the density of their main prey

species, the blue sheep Pseudois nayaur; and interview-based household

surveys to estimate livestock population and number of livestock killed

by snow leopards. The proportion of livestock lost per household was

seven times higher in Upper Dolpa, the site which had higher snow

leopard density (2.51 snow leopards per 100 km2) and higher livestock

density (17.21 livestock per km2) compared to Lower Dolpa (1.21 snow

leopards per 100 km2; 4.5 livestock per km2). The wild prey density was

similar across the two sites (1.81 and 1.57 animals per km2 in Upper and

Lower Dolpa, respectively). Our results suggest that livestock

depredation level may largely be determined by the abundances of the

snow leopards and livestock and predation levels on livestock can vary

even at similar levels of wild prey density. In large parts of the snow

leopard range, livestock production is indispensable to local

livelihoods and livestock population is expected to increase to meet the

demand of cashmere. Hence, we recommend that any efforts to increase

livestock populations or conservation initiatives aimed at recovering or

increasing snow leopard population be accompanied by better herding

practices (e.g., predator-proof corrals) to protect livestock from snow

leopard.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1611
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Author (down) Khan, J.
Title Availability of snow leopard pelt in Pakistan Type Report
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords snow leopard, Pakistan, pelt, wildlife trade
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1246
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Author (down) Khan, J.
Title Markets for Snow Leopards: Enviropreneur Snapshots Type Miscellaneous
Year 2008 Publication PERC Reports Abbreviated Journal
Volume 26 Issue Pages 1-1
Keywords conservation; economic; incentives; income; protection; snow leopard; sustainable; wildlife
Abstract Over the years, many conservation actions and practices to protect the snow leopard have been tried and tested. Those that have been successful and sustainable are programs that link economics with conservation. Some of these practices may not be appreciated by traditional conservationists, but no one can refute the success of these actions. The saying, “when it pays, it stays,” rings true with snow leopard conservation. Locals have realized that their income and prosperity are linked with the protection of wildlife. For conservation efforts to be effective, it is crucial to involve people who share the snow leopard's mountain environment and provide them with economic incentives for

enhancing and protecting the habitat.
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Notes Online publication: http://www.perc.org/articles/article1104.php Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 909 Serial 532
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Author (down) Khan, A.A.
Title Strategic plan for the conservation of the snow leopard in Pakistan Type Report
Year 2001 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-17
Keywords plan; conservation; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; Pakistan; government; Wwf; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust
Abstract
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Publisher WWF Pakistan & International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Pakistan Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Draft – approved by stakeholders & submitted to government. WWF Pakistan & International Snow Leopard Trust. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1003 Serial 531
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Author (down) Khan, A.
Title Snow Leopard Occurrence in Mankial Valley, Swat: Final report Type Report
Year 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-17
Keywords snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; valley; Report; project; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; ecosystem; habitat; species; plants; plant; Animals; Animal; birds; research; action; study; survey; Support; Islt; community; Organization; surveys; winter; information; local; sign; pugmarks; feces; scrapes; scrape; prey; prey species; prey-species; recent; population; markhor; hunting; Culture; Pressure; areas; area; feeding; livestock; burning; decline
Abstract Mankial is a sub-valley of the Swat Kohistan. Temperate ecosystem of the valley is intact to a greater extent, which provides habitat to a variety of species of plants, animals and birds. Snow leopard is reported from the valley. To confirm its occurrence, the HUJRA (Holistic Understanding for Justified Research and Action), conducted the study titled “Snow Leopard Survey in Mankial Valley, district Swat, NWFP”. The author provided technical support, while ISLT (The International Snow Leopard Trust) funded the project under its small grants program. The World Wide Fund for Nature-Pakistan (WWF-Pakistan) and the Mankial Community Organization (MCO) facilitated surveys under the project. Surveys revealed that Snow leopard visits parts of the Mankial valley in winter months. Information from the local community shows that Snow leopard remains in the Serai (an off-shoot of the Mankial Valley) from early winter to early spring. Intensive surveys of the prime snow leopard winter habitat in the valley found several snow leopard signs including pugmarks, feces, and scrapes. The study also found occurrence of prey species through indirect evidence though. However, information from the local community confirmed that in the recent past there was a good population of markhor in the valley, which is now reduced to less than 50, mostly due to hunting and habitat disturbance. Hunting is part of the local culture and lifestyle. During winter months hunting pressure is low, as most of the local community migrates to warmer plain areas than Mankial Valley. However, those who live in the area lop oak branches for feeding their livestock and cut trees for burning, in addition to hunting prey species of snow leopard. This has resulted in stunted oak vegetation in most of the lower reaches of the valley and decline of the markhor population.
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Notes Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program, 2003. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1069 Serial 530
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Author (down) Kazensky, C.A.; Munson, L.; Seal, U.S.
Title The effects of melengestrol acetate on the ovaries of captive wild felids Type Journal Article
Year 1998 Publication Journal-of-Zoo-and-Wildlife-Medicine Abbreviated Journal
Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
Keywords Mga; zoo; felids; contraception; Melengestrol-acetate; ovaries; snow-leopard; Panthera-uncia; snow leopard; browse; uncia; panthera; melengestrol; acetate; 1260; effects; study; ovarian; Ovary; captive; wild; wild felid; Wild-Felid; species; Follicle; Cats; cat; recent; Ovulation; doses; Dose; action; Progestin; Disease; veterinary
Abstract Melengestrol acetate (MGA) is the most widely used contraceptive in zoo felids, but the mechanism of contraception and the pathologic effects have not been investigated. For this study, the effects of MGA on folliculogenesis were assessed, and the association of MGA with ovarian lesions was evaluated. Comparisons were made among the histopathologic findings in the ovaries from 88 captive wild felids (representing 15 species) divided into three groups: 37 currently contracepted with MGA, eight previously exposed to MGA, and 43 never contracepted. Ninety-one percent of the felids evaluated had tertiary follicles, and no differences were noted between contracepted and uncontracepted cats. Some MGA-contracepted cats also had corpora lutea indicating recent ovulation. These results indicate that folliculogenesis is not suppressed by current doses of MGA and ovulation occurred in some cats. Therefore, the contraceptive actions of MGA do not occur by suppressing folliculogenesis, and MGA-contracepted felids likely have endogenous estrogens that may confound progestin effects on the uterus. Cystic rete ovarii was the most common pathologic finding, but they were not more prevalent in MGA-contracepted cats. These findings indicate that MGA is not associated with ovarian disease, including ovarian cancer, in contrast to the uterine lesions noted in MGA-treated cats.
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Notes Document Type: English. Affiliation: Taylor Veterinary Hospital, Turlock , California 95382, USA Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 348 Serial 527
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Author (down) Kaunas Zoo
Title On the propagation of snow leopards in zoological gardens Type Miscellaneous
Year 1962 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Kaunas Zoo, snow leopard, captive, breeding
Abstract
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Notes Handwritten document Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1184
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Author (down) Kataevsky V.N.
Title Specific of fauna of mammals in Besh Aral nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 139-142
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; Besh Aral nature reserve; mammals; number; snow leopard; Lynx; ibex; wild boar.; 7140; Russian
Abstract Diversity of mammals in Besh Aral nature reserve, Kyrgyzstan is presented. Also analysis of the density of mammals in their habitats is given. Totally 31 mammals inhabited in nature reserve: 13 rodents, 11 carnivores, 3 ungulates, 2 hares, 1 insectivore and 1 bat. Number of snow leopard assessed as 8 individuals, Turkestan lynx 10, wild boar 100 and ibex 400 individuals. Snow leopard and Menzbier's marmot included in national Red data Book as well as in Global Red List.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of Western Tien Shan. Status and perspectives. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 692 Serial 524
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Author (down) Kataevsky V.N.
Title Mammals of Sary Chelek nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 143-145
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; Sary Chelek nature reserve; mammals; number decrease; snow leopard; Lynx; bear; wolf; badger; fox; jackal; wild boar.; 7150; Russian
Abstract The 30 species of mammals are presented in Sary Chelek nature reserve, Kyrgyzstan. Comparison of status of mammal's diversity in Soviet period and present time is made. Number decrease for some mammals is noted. Number of snow leopard in Sary Chelek is 2 individuals, Turkestan lynx 3, wolf 10, bear 20, badger 20, fox 25, jackal 25, wild boar 100 individuals. Snow leopard included in national Red data Book and Global Red List.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of Western Tien Shan. Status and perspectives. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 693 Serial 525
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Author (down) Kashkarov, E.
Title THE SNOW LEOPARD OF KIRGIZIA: NATIONAL SHAME OR NATIONAL PRIDE Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 239-253
Keywords snow leopard, irbis, ibex, mountain sheep, conservation, range, reserve, monitoring, cameratrap, Sarychat, Kirgizia, Central Asia.
Abstract Article examines the problems existing in conservation of the snow leopard in Kirgizia after break-up of the

USSR. Unfortunate situation is common to most of the 14 countries in the snow leopard range, but seems

especially sharp to Kirgizia. Yet half of the century ago Kirgizia has had about 1.5 thousand of the snow

leopards, and today there remains no more than 1/10. In Soviet time Kirgizia was a global supplier of the

snow leopards for the zoo-export &#65533; to create a reserve number of endangered cats in captivity. Today, at

least half of the snow leopards in the Zoos of the world are individuals, caught in Kirgizia or their

descendants.

Since independence, Kirgizia has set new records. In Sarychat-Irtash reserve &#65533; the best for the snow

leopard in Central Asia, and probably in the whole range &#65533; this species was completely destroyed after 3

years of reserve opening... and 17 years later &#65533; revived... Situation comes presently back to the worst-case

scenario, and not only for the snow leopard. Author shows how work in this direction social and economic

levers, and what kind future he would like to see in Kirgizia, where he lived for 12 years and was at the

forefront of pioneering research of the snow leopard and its conservation.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1454
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Author (down) Kashkarov, E.
Title ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIES IN WESTERN BERINGIA Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 208-217
Keywords zoogeographical discoveries, Snow leopard, Irbis, Amur tiger, Irkuyem-bear, global warming, hundred-year rhythm, Beringia, Koryakia, Chukotka.
Abstract Among zoogeographical discoveries of the frontier of XXI century there is nothing more interesting

than discoveries of Rodion Sivolobov in Western Beringia. Beringia has surprised us by

paleontological discoveries many centuries ago, and also surprised by modern one. Somehow they

came out of attention of all International environmental foundations and Academies of the world, as

if on purpose to show their professional incompetence. It is the only way to describe the

organization, not to notice the appearance of such big cats as the Snow leopard and Amur tiger for

5,000 kilometers from the border of main range, as well as large Pleistocene relict &#65533; the Irkuyembear.

All three endangered species of mammals found by Sivolobov in Koryakia and Chukotka, and

for the snow leopard he took the world's first photo in Beringia.

New facts suggests two things: (1) the ancient refuges of big cats locate to Koryakia and

Chukotka much closer of main ranges, (2) global warming, changing natural environment on the

waves of hundred-year rhythms, periodically pushing irbis and tiger on the ways of ancient

Beringian migrations stored in their genetic memories. Irkuyem is a contemporary of the mammoth.

209

Unlike it, this bear lived up to our days, but remained undetected even by the large “mammoths” of

science.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1455
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Author (down) Kashkarov R.
Title About mammals fauna (Carnivora and Artiodactyla) of Pskem Rivers basin Type Miscellaneous
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume N 1-4. Issue Pages 150-158
Keywords Uzbekistan; Pskem River basin; Bostandyk region; fauna; rare species; Carnivora; Artiodactyla; number; decline; snow leopard.; 7120; Russian
Abstract The article is based on the results of Transboundary project GEF expedition to the upper part of Pskem Rivers basin, July 27-Septeber 7, 2002. The past and present distribution and status of Carnivora and Artiodactyla is described using the gathered data and literature. There is a cadastre list with the place of the records for every species. For the most rare species a map-scheme is given/
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Selevinia. The zoological journal of Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 690 Serial 523
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Author (down) Kashkarov D.Yu.
Title Rare finds of fauna in the West Tien Shan Type Miscellaneous
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 106-107
Keywords Uzbekistan; Western Tien Shan; Chatkal ridge; Chirchik river upper; rare species; new records; snow leopard.; 7110; Russia
Abstract Collected are additional data on encounters with six rare animal species that have been never seen before in the West Tien Shan. These are free-toiled bat, Etruscan shrew, snow leopard, little forktail, urban swallow, Central Asia tortoise, and Kyrgyz racerunner.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of Western Tien Shan: conservation and sustainable use. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 689 Serial 522
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Author (down) Kashkarov D.N.
Title Living conditions and living in various parts of the mountainous Turkestan. Central Asian snow leopard, irbis Type Miscellaneous
Year 1923 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 2. The animals of mountainous Turkistan. Issue Pages 3-6
Keywords Turkestan; fauna; mammals; snow leopard; distribution; biology; preys.; 7070; Russian
Abstract It describes fauna of the mountainous Turkestan. Irbis is met in Tien Shan, Pamir, Bukhara and Kopet-Dag. Apart from Turkistan, it lives in the Altai, Tibet and on northern slopes of the Himalayas. In Kopet-Dag, this species is met with another panther Caucasian leopard. It preys on ibex, wild sheep, roe deer, keklik (partridge), snow-cock and porcupine. It also attacks small livestock. Normally this species would never attack the man though hunters mentioned some cases that evidence otherwise.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: The animals of Turkestan, their life and importance for man. Popular essays. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 685 Serial 518
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Author (down) Kashkarov D.N.
Title From lake Sary-Chelek to pass Air-Bel. Mammals Type Miscellaneous
Year 1927 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 21-23
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; fauna; mammals; snow leopard.; 7080; Russian
Abstract The author provides results of the expedition in the vicinity of lake Sary-Chelek, Kyrgyzstan. With reference to the local people he indicates the presence of irbis (Leopardus uncia), bear (Ursus leuconyx), dhole (Cyon alpinus) around Air-Bel. Livestock attracts the predators and every day shepherds find one sheep missing.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Results of the expedition by The Main Central Asia Museum to the area of lake Sary-Chelek. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 686 Serial 519
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Author (down) Kashkarov D.N.
Title Order Carnivora- Carnivores. Family Felidae-Cats Type Miscellaneous
Year 1932 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 392-393
Keywords Turkestan; carnivores; Cats; snow leopard; distribution; biology; preys.; 7090; Russian
Abstract Snow leopard inhabits Tien Shan, Pamir, Bukhara and possibly Kopet-dag, as well as the Altai, Tibet, and northern slopes of the Himalayas. It preys on ibex, wild sheep, roe deer, hare, keklik (partridge), snow-cock and porcupine and sometimes attacks livestock. Snow leopard is not considered a dangerous animal since even being wounded, it would escape from men and could only rush to the attack when deadlocked.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animals of Turkestan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 687 Serial 520
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Author (down) Kashkarov D.N.
Title The cat family (Felidae) Type Miscellaneous
Year 1935 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 676, 780
Keywords Felidae; taxonomy; origin; snow leopard; distribution; preys.; 7100; Russia
Abstract A taxonomic characteristic of family Felidae is given. A brief description of the origin and distribution of modern Felidae species is provided. Snow leopard (Felis uncia) is noticed to be met in the mountains of Central Asia. It says that though being a rare species, snow leopard, together with leopard and tiger, causes a considerable damage by exterminating large ungulates and sometimes attacking man.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: A course of zoology. Vertebrate animals. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 688 Serial 521
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Author (down) Kashkadarinskaya Pravda Newspaper.
Title Snow leopard goes to Frunze Type Miscellaneous
Year 1983 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume 79 (26-11) Issue Pages
Keywords Uzbekistan; Alatoo mountain; Karakol gorge; snow leopard; catching; Zoo.; 7130; Russian
Abstract In canyon Karakol of the Alatoo ridge, a snow leopard was caught for a zoo of Frunze.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Newspaper Kashkadarinskaya Pravda. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 691 Serial 517
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Author (down) Kamelin R.V.
Title The Hissar Nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 1990 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 272-282
Keywords Uzbekistan; Hissar nature reserve; location; climate; soils; flora; fauna; mammals; number; snow leopard.; 7060; Russian
Abstract It provides general information about the Hissar nature reserve (Uzbekistan), its physico-geographical features and description of flora and fauna. The following predator species inhabit the nature reserve: wolf, fox, Tien Shan brown bear (four five animals per 100 sq. km), ermine, weasel, stone marten, otter, badger, lynx (two animals per 100 sq. km) and snow leopard (about 10 animals). Wild boar and ibex are common species for the area (22 25 animals per 100 sq. km).
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 684 Serial 512
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Author (down) Kaletskiy A.A.
Title May-“traven” Type Miscellaneous
Year 1974 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 60-75
Keywords Ussr; flora; fauna; snow leopard; use.; 7040; Russian
Abstract Diverse flora and fauna and seasonal phenomena in nature are stated in a popular form. Snow leopard is noticed to be a rare species, its population being significantly influenced by catching for zoos: over 400 snow leopards have been caught for this purpose over the last 35 years.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Kaleidoscope of naturalist. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 682 Serial 511
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