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Author (down) Slifka, K.; Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, S.M.; Bowen, P.; Crissey, S.
Title A Survey of Serum and Dietary Carotenoids in Captive Wild Animals Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication The Journal of Nutrition Abbreviated Journal
Volume 129 Issue Pages 380-390
Keywords captive; carotenoids; dietary; Serum; snow leopard; survey; wild; Animals; Animal
Abstract Accumulation of carotenoids varies greatly among animal species and is not fully characterized.

Circulating carotenoid concentration data in captive wild animals are limited and may be useful for their management.

Serum carotenoid concentrations and dietary intakes were surveyed and the extent of accumulation

categorized for 76 species of captive wild animals at Brookfield Zoo. Blood samples were obtained opportunistically

from 275 individual animals immobilized for a variety of reasons; serum was analyzed for a- and b-carotene,

lutein 1 zeaxanthin, lycopene, b-cryptoxanthin and canthaxanthin. Total carotenoid content of diets was calculated

from tables and chemical analyses of commonly consumed dietary components. Diets were categorized as

low, moderate or high in carotenoid content as were total serum carotenoid concentrations. Animals were

classified as unknown, high, moderate or low (non-) accumulators of dietary cartenoids. Nonaccumulators had total

serum carotenoid concentrations of 0-101 nmol/L, whereas accumulators had concentrations that ranged widely,

from 225 to 35,351 nmol/L. Primates were uniquely distinguished by the widest range of type and concentration

of carotenoids in their sera. Most were classified as high to moderate accumulators. Felids had high accumulation

of b-carotene regardless of dietary intake, whereas a wide range of exotic birds accumulated only the xanthophylls,

lutein 1 zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin or cryptoxanthin. The exotic ungulates, with the exception of the bovids, had

negligible or nondetectable carotenoid serum concentrations despite moderate intakes. Bovids accumulated only

b-carotene despite moderately high lutein 1 zeaxanthin intakes. Wild captive species demonstrated a wide variety

of carotenoid accumulation patterns, which could be exploited to answer remaining questions concerning carotenoid

metabolism and function.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 257 Serial 896
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Author (down) Sivolobov, R.
Title ENDANGERED SPECIES OF KORYAKIA AND CHUKOTKA: IRBIS, TIGER AND THE IRKUYEM-BEAR Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 225-233
Keywords endangered species, Beringian snow cat, Snow leopard, Irbis, Amur tiger, Irkuyem-bear, camera-trap, Koryakia, Chukotka
Abstract After 30 years of searching for the mysterious Beringian snow cat in vast space of Koryakia and Chukotka

one of the five cameras recorded finally this beast at night in September 2014. This is not so much a

sensation as a real scientific discovery, saying that the hearts of the snow leopard population resettlement are

not in 5000 km from the main range boundaries, but much closer. Where? � will show further studies.

In addition to the snow leopard in the North-Eastern Asia, it found two more endangered large

mammal species: the Amur tiger and the relict of the Ice Age � the Irkuyem-bear. Author has given these

animals his life and his article devoted to this topic.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1456
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Author (down) Singh, R., Krausman, P. R., Pandey, P., Maheshwari, A., Rawal, R. S., Sharma, S., Shekhar, S.
Title Predicting Habitat Suitability of Snow Leopards in the Western Himalayan Mountains, India Type Journal Article
Year 2020 Publication Biology bulletin Abbreviated Journal
Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 655-664
Keywords biogeographic distribution, climate, endangered cat, MaxEnt, snow leopard
Abstract The population of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is declining

across their range, due to poaching, habitat fragmentation, retaliatory

killing, and a decrease of wild prey species. Obtaining information on

rare and cryptic predators living in remote and rugged terrain is

important for making conservation and management strategies. We used the

Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) ecological niche modeling framework to predict

the potential habitat of snow leopards across the western Himalayan

region, India. The model was developed using 34 spatial species

occurrence points in the western Himalaya, and 26 parameters including,

prey species distribution, temperature, precipitation, land use and land

cover (LULC), slope, aspect, terrain ruggedness and altitude. Thirteen

variables contributed 98.6% towards predicting the distribution of snow

leopards. The area under the curve (AUC) score was high (0.994) for the

training data from our model, which indicates pre- dictive ability of

the model. The model predicted that there was 42432 km2 of potential

habitat for snow leop- ards in the western Himalaya region. Protected

status was available for 11247 km2 (26.5%), but the other 31185 km2

(73.5%) of potential habitat did not have any protected status. Thus,

our approach is useful for predicting the distribution and suitable

habitats and can focus field surveys in selected areas to save

resources, increase survey success, and improve conservation efforts for

snow leopards.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1629
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Author (down) Singh, J.
Title Transboundary Stakeholders: Developing Cross-Border Conservation On Linkages for the Snow Leopard (Discussion Paper) Type Conference Article
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords snow; leopard; border; habitat; transboundary; Cross; International; corridor; corridors; links; linking; cooperation; country; 5070
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Islt Place of Publication Islt Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 493 Serial 894
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Author (down) Simon, N., Geroudet, P.
Title Last Survivores: The Natural History of Animals in Danger of Extinction Type Book Chapter
Year 1970 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 127-131
Keywords snow leopard, Panthera uncia
Abstract
Address
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Publisher The World Publishing Company Place of Publication New York Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1186
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Author (down) Simms, A., Moheb, Z., Salahudin, Ali, H., Ali, I. & Wood, T.
Title Saving threatened species in Afghanistan: snow leopards in the Wakhan Corridor Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication International Journal of Environmental Studies Abbreviated Journal
Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 299-312
Keywords Snow leopard; Camera trap; Governance; Rangers; Corral; Insurance
Abstract The Wakhan Corridor in northeast Afghanistan is an area known for relatively abundant wildlife and it appears to represent Afghanistan’s most important snow leopard landscape. The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) has been working in Wakhan since 2006. Recent camera trap surveys have documented the presence of snow leopards at 16 different locations in the landscape. These are the first camera trap records of snow leopards in Afghanistan. Threats to snow leopards in the region include the fur trade, retaliatory killing by shepherds and the capture of live animals for pets. WCS is developing an integrated management approach for this species, involving local governance, protection by a cadre of rangers, education, construction of predator-proof livestock corrals, a livestock insurance program, tourism and research activities. This management approach is expected to contribute significantly to the conservation of snow leopards and other wildlife species in the Wakhan.
Address Wildlife Conservation Society, International Programs, 2300 Southern Blvd, New York 10460, USA
Corporate Author Wildlife Conservation Society Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1347
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Author (down) Shukurov E.J.
Title List of of species included in Red data Book of Republic of Kyrgyzstan Type Miscellaneous
Year 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 83
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; Red Data book; list of species; snow leopard.; 8160; Russian
Abstract It gives List of species included in Red data Book of Republic of Kyrgyzstan (1984). Totally 13 mammals including snow leopard listed in Kyrgyz Red data book.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Annals of nature in protected areas of Kyrgyz Republic. Metodical guide. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 794 Serial 892
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Author (down) Shrestha, B.
Title Prey Abundance and Prey Selection by Snow Leopard (uncia uncia) in the Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal Type Report
Year 2008 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-35
Keywords project; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; network; conservation; program; prey; abundance; selection; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; Sagarmatha; national; national park; National-park; park; Nepal; resource; predators; predator; ecological; impact; region; community; structure; number; research; population; status; density; densities; wild; prey species; prey-species; species; Himalayan; tahr; musk; musk-deer; deer; game; birds; diet; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; awareness; co-existence; ungulates; ungulate; Human; using; areas; area; monitoring; transect; Hair; identification; scat; attack; patterns; sighting; 1760; populations; birth; Male; Female; young; domestic; domestic livestock; 120; scats; yak; Dog; pika; wildlife; Seasons; winter; horse; study; cover; land; predation; Pressure; development; strategy; threatened; threatened species; threatened-species; conflicts; conflict; people; control; husbandry; compensation; reintroduction; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; free ranging
Abstract Predators have significant ecological impacts on the region's prey-predator dynamic and community structure through their numbers and prey selection. During April-December 2007, I conducted a research in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park (SNP) to: i) explore population status and density of wild prey species; Himalayan tahr, musk deer and game birds, ii) investigate diet of the snow leopard and to estimate prey selection by snow leopard, iii) identify the pattern of livestock depredation by snow leopard, its mitigation, and raise awareness through outreach program, and identify the challenge and opportunities on conservation snow leopard and its co-existence with wild ungulates and the human using the areas of the SNP. Methodology of my research included vantage points and regular monitoring from trails for Himalayan tahr, fixed line transect with belt drive method for musk deer and game birds, and microscopic hair identification in snow leopard's scat to investigate diet of snow leopard and to estimate prey selection. Based on available evidence and witness accounts of snow leopard attack on livestock, the patterns of livestock depredation were assessed. I obtained 201 sighting of Himalayan tahr (1760 individuals) and estimated 293 populations in post-parturient period (April-June), 394 in birth period (July -October) and 195 November- December) in rutting period. In average, ratio of male to females was ranged from 0.34 to 0.79 and ratio of kid to female was 0.21-0.35, and yearling to kid was 0.21- 0.47. The encounter rate for musk deer was 1.06 and density was 17.28/km2. For Himalayan monal, the encounter rate was 2.14 and density was 35.66/km2. I obtained 12 sighting of snow cock comprising 69 individual in Gokyo. The ratio of male to female was 1.18 and young to female was 2.18. Twelve species (8 species of wild and 4 species of domestic livestock) were identified in the 120 snow leopard scats examined. In average, snow leopard predated most frequently on Himalayan tahr and it was detected in 26.5% relative frequency of occurrence while occurred in 36.66% of all scats, then it was followed by musk deer (19.87%), yak (12.65%), cow (12.04%), dog (10.24%), unidentified mammal (3.61%), woolly hare (3.01%), rat sp. (2.4%), unidentified bird sp. (1.8%), pika (1.2%), and shrew (0.6%) (Table 5.8 ). Wild species were present in 58.99% of scats whereas domestic livestock with dog were present in 40.95% of scats. Snow leopard predated most frequently on wildlife species in three seasons; spring (61.62%), autumn (61.11%) and winter (65.51%), and most frequently on domestic species including dog in summer season (54.54%). In term of relative biomass consumed, in average, Himalayan tahr was the most important prey species contributed 26.27% of the biomass consumed. This was followed by yak (22.13%), cow (21.06%), musk deer (11.32%), horse (10.53%), wooly hare (1.09%), rat (0.29%), pika (0.14%) and shrew (0.07%). In average, domestic livestock including dog were contributed more biomass in the diet of snow leopard comprising 60.8% of the biomass consumed whilst the wild life species comprising 39.19%. The annual prey consumption by a snow leopard (based on 2 kg/day) was estimated to be three Himalayan tahr, seven musk deer, five wooly hare, four rat sp., two pika, one shrew and four livestock. In the present study, the highest frequency of attack was found during April to June and lowest to July to November. The day of rainy and cloudy was the more vulnerable to livestock depredation. Snow leopard attacks occurred were the highest at near escape cover such as shrub land and cliff. Both predation pressure on tahr and that on livestock suggest that the development of effective conservation strategies for two threatened species (predator and prey) depends on resolving conflicts between people and predators. Recently, direct control of free – ranging livestock, good husbandry and compensation to shepherds may reduce snow leopard – human conflict. In long term solution, the reintroduction of blue sheep at the higher altitudes could also “buffer” predation on livestock.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. Forum of Natural Resource Managers, Nepal. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1076 Serial 887
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Author (down) Shnitnikov V.N.
Title Rocks and taluses. Alpine meadows. Economic value of local animals Type Miscellaneous
Year 1934 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Part. 1. South Kazakhstan. Issue Pages 86-88
Keywords Kazakhstan; mountains; fauna; mammals; snow leopard.; 8140; Russian
Abstract It reviews fauna of rocks, taluses, and alpine meadows of South Kazakhstan. The most typical mammal of rocks and taluses are picas (I¤hotona rutila and I. macrotis), ibex (¥…dr… sibirica), and snow leopard (Felis irbis). Besides, snow leopard, along with Tien Shan bear (Ursus l†u¤Œn¢o), ibex, mountain wolf (¥uŒn alpinus) and others, is met in the alpine meadow zone. Zoo-export of snow leopards to the zoos does not result in extermination of the animals but generates income. Various animal species are subject to trade as zoos do not limit their collections with some specific species or groups; quite the contrary they are interested in obtaining each species. Valuable animals exported from Kazakhstan are tiger, snow leopard, Tien-Shan bear, argali, and mountain wolf. The latter costs 1,000 roubles in gold, and argali even 1,500 roubles.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 792 Serial 885
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Author (down) Shnitnikov V.N.
Title Rocks and taluses. Snow leopard, Irbis Felis irbis Shreb Type Miscellaneous
Year 1936 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 44-49
Keywords Kazakhstan; Semerechie; fauna; snow leopard.; 8150; Russian
Abstract In Semerechie, snow leopard is not a rare species. In 1931, 53 snow leopards were hunted in southern Semerechie. In the past, at the markets of Central Tien Shan one could buy skins or live snow leopards, which were in demand abroad. Probably, number of snow leopards in Semerechie has increased. Now, it can be found not only in remote areas but in the vicinity of settlements (snow leopards, for instance, were observed some 20 30 km from Almaty, and 60 km from Frunze). Snow leopard preys mainly on ibex (¥…dr… sibiri¤…), snow-cock (O†traogallus himalauenses), and numerous argali – in some areas. The animal will never attack a man, even if wounded.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals of Semerechie. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 793 Serial 886
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