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	Author	Gronberg, E.
	Title	Movement patterns of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) around kills based on GPS location clusters			Type	Report
	Year	2011	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	snow leopard, Panthera, Mongolia, Snow Leopard Trust, predator, prey, kill, behavior
	Abstract	Research concerning movement patterns of wild animals has been advancing since GPS technology arrived. But studying the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is still difficult because of the harsh territory it inhabits in Central Asia. This study took place in south Gobi, Mongolia, and aimed to estimate the time spent at kills and the maximum distance away from kills between visits. Snow leopards were monitored with GPS collars that took a location every five or seven hours. Potential kill sites were established by identifying clusters of GPS-locations in ArcGIS and visited in the field for confirmation. ArcGIS was used to calculate the distance between cluster and GPS-locations. I used two buffer zones (100 m and 500 m radius) to define the time snow leopards spent at kills. It was found that snow leopard age and prey category affected time spent at kills and also that snow leopard sex together with prey category affected the maximum distance moved away from kills between visits. Season had no significant effect on either time at kills or distance moved away from kills between visits. Snow leopards spent on average 3.2 days at their kills in the 100 m buffer zone and 3.5 days at their kills in the 500 m buffer zone. Subadults stayed longer at kills than adults and animals of both age categories spent longer time on larger prey. The mean maximum distance moved away from kills between visits was 179 m in the 100 m buffer zone and 252 m in the 500 m buffer zone. Female snow leopards moved further away from kills between visits than male snow leopards. Both the number of days spent on kills and maximum distance moved away from kills between visits increased when kills consisted of more than one animal. This study has provided some basic information on snow leopard behaviors around their kills but also highlights the need to monitor more snow leopards before more solid conclusions can be drawn as this study was based on based on a relatively small sample.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Master's thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1301
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	Author	Green, M.J.B.
	Title	Protecting the mountains of Central Asia and their snow leopard populations			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1994	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	223-239
	Keywords	asia; conservation; distribution; status; habitat; predator; prey; herders; herder; livestock; management; protected- area; parks; park; reserve; refuge; Afghanistan; Bhutan; China; gansu; Qinghai; Sichuan; India; Sikkim; Nepal; Pakistan; Ussr; Russia; Soviet-Union; Kazakhstan; Kirghizia; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; protected-area; kazakstan; Kirgizia; browse; protected; area; soviet; union; 2060
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	International Snow Leopard Trust and Chicago Zoological Society	Place of Publication		Editor	J.L.Fox; Du Jizeng
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium. Place of Meeting: Xining, Qinghai, ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 218			Serial	350
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	Author	Fuller, S.; Ahmed, J.
	Title	Opportunities for Transfrontier Protected Areas in Northern Pakistan			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1997	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	204-215
	Keywords	Pakistan; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; hunting; Hindu-kush; Khunjerab; ibex; livestock; predator; prey; herders; herder; Wwf; protected-area; browse; world wildlife fund; protected; area; areas; 3050
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Lahore, Pakistan	Editor	R.Jackson; A.Ashiq
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text Available at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 396			Serial	328
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	Author	Freeman, H.; Jackson, R.; Hillard, R.; Hunter, D.O.
	Title	Project Snow Leopard: a multinational program spearheaded by the International Snow Leopard Trust			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1994	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	241-245
	Keywords	Project-snow-leopard; biodiversity; conservation; protected-areas; parks; park; refuge; reserve; habitat; status; predator; prey; livestock; herders; poaching; hunting; skins; pelts; coats; fur; bones; medicine; management; livestock-depredation; trade; corridors; trans-boundry; project; protected-area; protected; area; areas; livestock depredation; depredation; browse; 2780
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Usa	Editor	J.L.Fox; Jizeng, D.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 221			Serial	324
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	Author	Fox, J.L.; Sinha, S.P.; Chundawat R.S.; Das, P.K.
	Title	A Field Survey of Snow Leopard Presence and Habitat use in Northwestern India			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	99-111
	Keywords	India; habitat; status; distribution; Ladakh; himalayans; field study; tracking; tracks; scraping; spraying; marking; predator; prey; livestock; herder; herders; browse; 1690
	Abstract	During November 1985 through July1996, a survey of snow leopard presence and ecology was conducted in selected areas of the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh in north-western India. The study was carried out under the auspices of the Wildlife Institute of India in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the International Snow Leopard Trust. The objectives of the survey were essentially determine the relative presence of the snow leopard and its associated prey species,investigate human interaction with the snow leopard and select an appropriate site for more intensive studies of the snow leopard and its ecosystem.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	International Snow Leoaprd Trust and Wildlife Institute of India	Place of Publication	India	Editor	H.Freeman
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 119			Serial	293
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	Author	Fox, J.L.; Nurbu, C.; Chundawat, R.S.
	Title	The Mountain Ungulates of Ladakh India			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Biological Conservation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	58	Issue		Pages	167-190
	Keywords	ungulates; predator; prey; Ladakh; India; browse; 1900
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 180			Serial	298
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	Author	Fox, J.L.; Nurbu, C.; Chundawat, R.S.
	Title	Tibetian Argali (Ovis ammon hodgsoni)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Mammalia	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	48-51
	Keywords	argali; predator; prey; Tibet; browse; 1910
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 181			Serial	299
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	Author	Fox, J.L.; Jizeng, D.
	Title	Introduction to the Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1994	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Iucn; Cites; captive-management; conservation; management; livestock; herders; predator; prey; protected-areas; parks; park; refuge; reserves; captive; browse; protected; area; 3850
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Usa	Editor	J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 154			Serial	302
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	Author	Fox, J.L.; Chundawat, R.S.
	Title	Evaluation of Snow Leopard Sign Abundance in the Upper Indus Valley			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1997	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	66-74
	Keywords	India; Ladakh; Jammu; Kashmir; transect; survey; habitat; park; parks; reserves; reserve; refuge; field-study; marks; scrape; scrapes; spray; marking; behavior; tracks; autocad; predator; prey; ibex; blue-sheep; marmot; livestock; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; 2730
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Lahore, Pakistan	Editor	R.Jackson; A.Ahmad
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 307			Serial	308
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	Author	Filla, M., Lama, R. P., Ghale, T. R., Signer, J., Filla, T., Aryal, R. R., Heurich, M., Waltert, M., Balkenhol, N., Khorozyan, I.
	Title	In the shadows of snow leopards and the Himalayas: density and habitat selection of blue sheep in Manang, Nepal			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Ecology and Evolution	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	2021	Issue	11	Pages	108-122
	Keywords	Annapurna Conservation Area, bharal, Panthera uncia, predator-prey, Pseudois nayaur
	Abstract	There is a growing agreement that conservation needs to be proactive and pay increased attention to common species and to the threats they face. The blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) plays a key ecological role in sensitive high-altitude ecosystems of Central Asia and is among the main prey species for the globally vulnerable snow leopard (Panthera uncia). As the blue sheep has been increasingly exposed to human pressures, it is vital to estimate its population dynamics, protect the key populations, identify important habitats, and secure a balance between conservation and local livelihoods. We conducted a study in Manang, Annapurna Conservation Area (Nepal), to survey blue sheep on 60 transects in spring (127.9 km) and 61 transects in autumn (134.7 km) of 2019, estimate their minimum densities from total counts, compare these densities with previous estimates, and assess blue sheep habitat selection by the application of generalized additive models (GAMs). Total counts yielded minimum density estimates of 6.0–7.7 and 6.9–7.8 individuals/km2 in spring and autumn, respectively, which are relatively high compared to other areas. Elevation and, to a lesser extent, land cover indicated by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) strongly affected habitat selection by blue sheep, whereas the effects of anthropogenic variables were insignificant. Animals were found mainly in habitats associated with grasslands and shrublands at elevations between 4,200 and 4,700 m. We show that the blue sheep population size in Manang has been largely maintained over the past three decades, indicating the success of the integrated conservation and development efforts in this area. Considering a strong dependence of snow leopards on blue sheep, these findings give hope for the long-term conservation of this big cat in Manang. We suggest that long-term population monitoring and a better understanding of blue sheep–livestock interactions are crucial to maintain healthy populations of blue sheep and, as a consequence, of snow leopards.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1683
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