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	Author	Alexander, J. S., Murali, R., Mijiddorj, T. N., Agvaantseren, B., Lhamo, C., Sharma, D., Suryawanshi, K. R., Zhi, L., Sharma, K., Young, J. C.
	Title	Applying a gender lens to biodiversity conservation in High Asia			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Frontiers in Conservation Science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-8
	Keywords	gender, snow leopards, pastoralism, rights, decision-making
	Abstract	Community-based conservation efforts represent an important approach to facilitate the coexistence of people and wildlife. A concern, however, is that these efforts build on existing community structures and social norms, which are commonly dominated by men. Some biodiversity conservation approaches may consequently neglect women’s voices and deepen existing inequalities and inequities. This paper presents two community case studies that draw upon the knowledge and experience gained in our snow leopard conservation practice in pastoral and agro-pastoral settings in Mongolia and India to better understand women’s roles and responsibilities. In these settings, roles and responsibilities in livestock management and agriculture are strongly differentiated along gender lines, and significant gaps remain in women’s decision-making power about natural resources at the community level. We argue that context-specific and gender-responsive approaches are needed to build community support for conservation actions and leverage women’s potential contributions to conservation outcomes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1741
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	Author	Alexander, J. S., Gopalswamy, A. M., Shi, K., Riordan, P.
	Title	Face Value: Towards Robust Estimates of Snow Leopard Densities			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2015	Publication	Plos One	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Densities, Snow Leopard, Camera traps, Spatial Capture Recapture models
	Abstract	When densities of large carnivores fall below certain thresholds, dramatic ecological effects can follow, leading to oversimplified ecosystems. Understanding the population status of such species remains a major challenge as they occur in low densities and their ranges are wide. This paper describes the use of non-invasive data collection techniques combined with recent spatial capture-recapture methods to estimate the density of snow leopards Panthera uncia. It also investigates the influence of environmental and human activity indicators on their spatial distribution. A total of 60 camera traps were systematically set up during a three-month period over a 480 km2 study area in Qilianshan National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province, China. We recorded 76 separate snow leopard captures over 2,906 trapdays, representing an average capture success of 2.62 captures/100 trap-days. We identified a total number of 20 unique individuals from photographs and estimated snow leopard density at 3.31 (SE = 1.01) individuals per 100 km2. Results of our simulation exercise indicate that our estimates from the Spatial Capture Recapture models were not optimal to respect to bias and precision (RMSEs for density parameters less or equal to 0.87). Our results underline the critical challenge in achieving sufficient sample sizes of snow leopard captures and recaptures. Possible performance improvements are discussed, principally by optimising effective camera capture and photographic data quality.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1431
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	Author	Alexander, J. S., Cusack, J. J., Pengju, C, Kun, S., Riordan, P.
	Title	Conservation of snow leopards: spill-over benefits for other carnivores?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2015	Publication	Oryx	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Fauna & Flora International	Pages	1-5
	Keywords	China, conservation, Eurasian lynx, grey wolf, red fox, snow leopard
	Abstract	In high-altitude settings of Central Asia the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia has been recognized as a potential umbrella species. As a first step in assessing the potential benefits of snow leopard conservation for other carnivores, we sought a better understanding of the presence of other carnivores in areas occupied by snow leopards in China’s Qilianshan National Nature Reserve. We used camera-trap and sign surveys to examine whether other carnivores were using the same travel routes as snow leopards at two spatial scales. We also considered temporal interactions between species. Our results confirm that other carnivores, including the red fox Vulpes vulpes, grey wolf Canis lupus, Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx and dhole Cuon alpinus, occur along snow leopard travel routes, albeit with low detection rates. Even at the smaller scale of our camera trap survey all five carnivores (snow leopard, lynx, wolf, red fox and dhole) were observed. Kernel density estimates suggested a high degree of temporal overlap between the snow leopard and the fox, and the snow leopard and the lynx, as indicated by high overlap coefficient estimates. There is an opportunity to consider protective measures at the local scale that would benefit various species simultaneously. However, it should also be recognized that snow leopard conservation efforts could exacerbate human–wildlife conflicts through their protective effect on other carnivore species.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1434
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	Author	Alexander, J. S., Bijoor, A., Gurmet, K., Murali, R., Mishra, C., Suryawanshi, K. R.
	Title	Engaging women brings conservation benefits to snow leopard landscapes			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2022	Publication	Environmental Conservation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1 - 7
	Keywords	community conservation; gender; large carnivores; snow leopard; women
	Abstract	Protection of biodiversity requires inclusive and gender-responsive programming. Evidence of success in engaging women in large carnivore conservation remains scarce, however, although women play an important role in caring for livestock at risk of predation and could contribute to large-carnivore conservation. We aimed to assess the performance of an income-generation and skills-building programme for women in Spiti Valley (India) that sought to engage women in local conservation action. Annual programme monitoring together with a one-time survey of attitudes, perceptions and social norms in eight communities exposed to the conservation programme and seven ‘control’ communities revealed: a keen interest and increasing levels of women’s participation over 7 years of programme operation; participant reports of multiple programme benefits including additional personal income, social networking and travel opportunities; and more positive attitudes towards snow leopards among programme participants than among non-participants in the control communities. Women from programme communities recorded in their diaries 33 self-directed conservation actions including improving livestock protection and preventing wildlife poaching. These results show a way forward to purposively engage women in conservation programming towards achieving sustainable and equitable outcomes in efforts to promote carnivore–human coexistence.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1689
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	Author	Alexander, J. S., Agvaantseren, B., Gongor, E., Mijiddorj, T. N., Piaopiao, T., Stephen Redpath, S., Young, J., Mishra, C.
	Title	Assessing the Effectiveness of a Community-based Livestock Insurance Program			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Environmental Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Large carnivores, Snow leopard conservation, Human-wildlife conflicts, Livestock insurance, Community conservation, Human-wildlife co-existence, Snow leopard
	Abstract
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1635
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	Author	Alexander, D.
	Title	Report from a troubled land: The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan crushed oe of the most promising conservation programs in the Third World			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1980	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	snow leopard, Afghanistan, conservation, Soviet, war
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1257
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	Author	Ale, S.B.; Yonzon, P.; Thapa, K.
	Title	Recovery of snow leopard Uncia uncia in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park, Nepal			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2007	Publication	Oryx	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	41	Issue		Pages	89-92
	Keywords	Nepal; recovery; Sagarmatha Mount Everest National Park; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; surveys; survey; snow; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia; Uncia-uncia; valley; Sagarmatha; national; national park; National-park; park; using; information; management; system; research; transects; transect; sign; areas; area; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; 40; Himalayan; tahr; musk; musk-deer; deer; location; recent; species; grazing; land; Forest; habitat; domestic; wild; ungulates; ungulate; livestock; tourism; development; traditional; land use; land-use; use; wildlife
	Abstract	From September to November 2004 we conducted surveys of snow leopard Uncia uncia signs in three major valleys in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park in Nepal using the Snow Leopard Information Management System, a standardized survey technique for snow leopard research. We walked 24 transects covering c. 14 km and located 33 sites with 56 snow leopard signs, and 17 signs incidentally in other areas. Snow leopards appear to have re-inhabited the Park, following their disappearance c. 40 years ago, apparently following the recovery of Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus and musk deer Moschus chrysogaster populations. Taken together the locations of all 73 recent snow leopard signs indicate that the species is using predominantly grazing land and shrubland/ open forest at elevations of 3,000-5,000 m, habitat types that are also used by domestic and wild ungulates. Sagarmatha is the homeland of c. 3,500 Buddhist Sherpas with .3,000 livestock. Along with tourism and associated developments in Sagarmatha, traditional land use practices could be used to ensure coexistence of livestock and wildlife, including the recovering snow leopards, and ensure the wellbeing of the Sherpas.
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	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes	http://www.snowleopardnetwork.org/bibliography/Ale_2007.pdf			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 884			Serial	58
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	Author	Ale, S.B., Brown, J.S.
	Title	Prey behavior leads to predator: a case study of the Himalayan tahr and the snow leopard in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Israel Journal of Ecology & Evolution	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	55	Issue	4	Pages	315-327
	Keywords	vigilance, fear, behavioral indicator, predator, prey, snow leopard, Himalayan tahr, Mount Everest
	Abstract	Rare, elusive predators offer few sightings, hindering research with small sample sizes and lack of experimentation. While predators may be elusive, their prey are more readily observed. Prey respond to the presence of a predator, and these fear responses may have population- and community-level consequences. Anti-predator behaviors, such as vigilance, allow us to sidestep the difficulty of direct field studies of large predators by studying them indirectly. Here we used a behavioral indicator, the vigilance behavior of the Himalayan tahr, the snow leopard’s main local prey, to reveal the distribution and habitat use of snow leopards in the Mt. Everest region of Nepal. We combined techniques of conventional field biology with concepts of foraging theory to study prey behavior in order to obtain insights into the predator’s ecology. The Himalayan tahr’s vigilance behavior correlates with the distribution of snow leopard signs. Tahr actually led us to six sightings of snow leopards. We conclude that behavioral indicators provided by prey offer a valuable tool for studying and monitoring stealthy and rare carnivores.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Science from Israel, a division of LPPLtd.	Place of Publication	Israel	Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1109
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	Author	Ale, S.B., Boesi, R.
	Title	Snow Leopard Sightings on the Top of the World			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Cat News	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	43	Pages	19-20
	Keywords	Mt.Everest, Sagarmatha National Park, sightings, snow leopard, Uncia uncia
	Abstract	Sightings of snow leopards Uncia uncia in the wild are rare. This is because snow leopards occur in low numbers and are very elusive (Schaller 1977). Snow leopards may be sparsely distributed,but they may not, however, be very elusive in the world's highest park, Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park (86° 30' 53“ E to 86° 99' 08” E and 27° 46' 19“ N to 27° 06' 45” N) in Nepal.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1111
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	Author	Ale, S., Thapa, K., Jackson, R., Smith, J.L.D.
	Title	The fate of snow leopards in and around Mt. Everest			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Cat News	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	53	Issue	Autumn	Pages	19-21
	Keywords	Mt. Everest, Everest, Rolwaling, snow leopard, re-colonize, Nepal
	Abstract	Since the early 2000s snow leopards Panthera uncia have re-colonized the southern slopes of Mt. Everest after several decades of extirpation. Are they now beginning to disperse to the adjoining valleys that may serve as habitat corridors linking the Everest region to other protected areas in Nepal? We conducted a cursory survey in autumn 2009 in Rolwaling lying west of Mt. Everest and detected snow leopard presence. We conclude that in these remote valleys snow leopards must rely upon livestock given the low abundance of natural prey, Himalayan tahr. Livestock-rearing is unfortunately declining in the region. Rolwaling requires immediate conservation attention for the continued survival of the endangered snow leopard and other high altitude flora and fauna.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1181
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