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Author  |
Lutz, H.; Hofmann-Lehmann, R.; Fehr, D.; Leutenegger, C.; Hartmann, M.; Ossent, P.; Grob, M.; Elgizoli, M.; Weilenmann, P. | ||||
| Title | Liberation of the wilderness of wild felids bred under human custody: Danger of release of viral infections | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Schweizer Archiv fuer Tierheilkunde | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 138 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 579-585 |
| Keywords | endangered-species; European-Wild-Cat; Fiv; Fpv; Host; Human-Custody; infection; Pathogen; Reintroduction-Projects; Relocation-Projects; survival; Tibet; Veterinary-Medicine; Viral-Disease; Viral-Infection; Wild-Felid; Wild-Felid-Breeding; Wilderness-Liberation; Wildlife-Management; browse; endangered; species; european; wild; cat; Human; custody; reintroduction; project; relocation; veterinary; medicine; Viral; Disease; wild felid; breeding; wilderness; liberation; management; 690 | ||||
| Abstract | There are several felidae amongst the numerous endangered species. Means of aiding survival are the reintroduction to the wild of animals bred under the auspices of man and their relocation from densely populated to thinly populated areas. It is unlikely that the dangers of such reintroduction or relocation projects have been examined sufficiently in respect to the risks of virus infections confronting individuals kept in zoos or similar situations. This report presents infections may be expected to occur when relo- three examples to illustrate that accidental virus cating and reintroducing wild cats. The first example is the reintroduction of captive snow leopards. Zoo bred snow leopards may be infected with FIV, a virus infection that is highly unlikely to occur in the original hirnalayan highlands of Tibet and China. A second example is of several cases of FIP that occured in European wild cats bred in groups in captivity. The third example mentioned is the relocation of hons from East Africa where all the commonly known feline viruses are wide-spread to the Etosha National Park. In the latter, virus infections such as FIV, FCV and FPV do not occur. The indiscriminate relocation and reintroduction of the wild cats mentioned here harbours a potential of undesirable consequences. | ||||
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| Notes | Document Type: German | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 287 | Serial | 629 | ||
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| Author |
Lukarevskiy V.S. | ||||
| Title | Peculiarities of communicative behavior of leopard, irbis, lynx, and caracal | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 200 | ||
| Keywords | Felidae; communicative behavioral; leopard; snow leopard; Lynx; caracal.; 7600; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | It gives the description of communicative behavioral system (visual, olfactory and vocal elements) for two groups of large Felidae species such as leopard-irbis and lynx-caracal. General and specific behavioral regularities are given. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals of Russia and neighbouring countries. Proceedings of the conference. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 738 | Serial | 627 | ||
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| Author |
Lui, C.-guang; Zheng, C.-wu; Ren, J.-rang | ||||
| Title | Research Foods and Food Sources About Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | 31 | Issue | Pages | 154-159 | |
| Keywords | research; foods; food; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; Chinese; deer; kiang; argali; Qinghai; gansu; Sichuan; Comparative; congruence; species; distribution; variation | ||||
| Abstract | During 1984-1987, 1992-1995, and 1998-2001, the author researched snow leopard, white lipped deer, kiang, and argali in Qinghai, Gansu, Xingiang, and Sichuan. He collected 644 snow leopard droppings, and analyzed kinds of foods and sources from perch. Snow leopard's foods include most main foods, main foods, comparative foods and lesser foods. Studied one another index of faunistic congruence of foods species that from various distribution and variation both perch vertical variety and foods of snow leopard. |
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| Notes | Full text available in Chinese. Periodical: Journal of Shaanxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition) | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 877 | Serial | 626 | ||
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| Author |
Lucas, P.H.C. | ||||
| Title | Nepal's park for the highest mountain | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1975 | Publication | PARKS | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 2 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 12-15 |
| Keywords | Nepal | ||||
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| Notes | October, November, December issue – year uncertain | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1258 | ||
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| Author |
Lu, Q., Xiao, L., Cheng, C., Lu, Z., Zhao, J., Yao, M. | ||||
| Title | Snow Leopard Dietary Preferences and Livestock Predation Revealed by Fecal DNA Metabarcoding: No Evidence for Apparent Competition Between Wild and Domestic Prey | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 783546 | Pages | 1 - 14 |
| Keywords | apparent mutualism, blue sheep, feeding habits, molecular dietary analysis, human-carnivore conflict, prey selection, Sanjiangyuan | ||||
| Abstract | Accurate assessments of the patterns and drivers of livestock depredation by wild carnivores are vital for designing effective mitigation strategies to reduce human-wildlife conflict. Snow leopard’s (Panthera uncia) range extensively overlaps pastoralist land- use and livestock predation there is widely reported, but the ecological determinants of livestock consumption by snow leopards remain obscure. We investigated snow leopard dietary habits at seven sites across the Sanjiangyuan region of the Qinghai– Tibetan Plateau (QTP), an area central to the species’ global range. Snow leopard abundance, wild prey composition, and livestock density varied among those sites, thus allowing us to test the effects of various factors on snow leopard diet and livestock predation. Using DNA metabarcoding, we obtained highly resolved dietary data from 351 genetically verified snow leopard fecal samples. We then analyzed the prey preferences of snow leopards and examined ecological factors related to their livestock consumption. Across the sites, snow leopard prey was composed mainly of wild ungulates (mean = 81.5% of dietary sequences), particularly bharal (Pseudois nayaur), and supplemented with livestock (7.62%) and smaller mammals (marmots, pikas, mice; 10.7%). Snow leopards showed a strong preference for bharal, relative to livestock, based on their densities. Interestingly, both proportional and total livestock consumption by snow leopards increased linearly with local livestock biomass, but not with livestock density. That, together with a slight negative relationship with bharal density, supports apparent facilitation between wild and domestic prey. We also found a significant positive correlation between population densities of snow leopard and bharal, yet those densities showed slight negative relationships with livestock density. Our results highlight the importance of sufficient wild ungulate abundance to the conservation of viable snow leopard populations. Additionally, livestock protection is critically needed to reduce losses to snow leopard depredation, especially where local livestock abundances are high. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1675 | ||
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| Author |
Lu, J. | ||||
| Title | Leopard Bone and Confusing Preliminary Product Identification | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 546-547 | ||
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| Language | Chinese | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Jinshu Lu | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1365 | ||
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| Author |
Lovari, S., Ventimiglia, M., Minder, I. | ||||
| Title | Food habits of two leopard species, competition, climate change and upper treeline: a way to the decrease of an endangered species? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Ethology Ecology & Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 25 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 305-318 |
| Keywords | carnivore evolution, coexistence, sympatric species, diet, Panthera uncia, Panthera pardus. | ||||
| Abstract | For carnivore species, spatial avoidance is one of the evolutionary solutions to coexist in an area, especially if food habits overlap and body sizes tend to coincide. We reviewed the diets of two large cats of similar sizes, the endangered snow leopard (Panthera uncia, 16 studies) and the near-threatened common leopard (Panthera par- dus, 11 studies), in Asia. These cats share ca 10,000 km2 of their mountainous range, although snow leopards tend to occur at a significantly higher altitude than common leopards, the former being a cold-adapted species of open habitats, whereas the latter is an ecologically flexible one, with a preference for woodland. The spectrum of prey of common leopards was 2.5 times greater than that of snow leopards, with wild prey being the staple for both species. Livestock rarely contributed much to the diet. When the breadth of trophic niches was compared, overlap ranged from 0.83 (weight categories) to one (main food categories). As these leopard species have approximately the same size and comparable food habits, one can predict that competition will arise when they live in sympatry. On mountains, climate change has been elevating the upper forest limit, where both leopard species occur. This means a habitat increase for common leopards and a substantial habitat reduction for snow leopards, whose range is going to be squeezed between the forest and the barren rocky altitudes, with medium- to long-term undesirable effects on the conservation of this endangered cat |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1403 | ||
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| Author |
Lovari, S., Minder, I., Ferretti, F., Mucci, N., Randi, E., Pellizzi, B. | ||||
| Title | Common and snow leopards share prey, but not habitats: competition avoidance by large predators | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 291 | Issue | Pages | 127-135 | |
| Keywords | coexistence; resource partitioning; food habits; Panthera uncia; Panthera pardus. | ||||
| Abstract | Resource exploitation and behavioural interference underlie competition among carnivores. Competition is reduced by specializing on different prey and/or spatiotemporal separation, usually leading to different food habits. We predicted that two closely related species of large cats, the endangered snow leopard and the near-threatened common leopard, living in sympatry, would coexist through habitat separation and exploitation of different prey species. In central Himalaya, we assessed (2006–2010) habitat and diet overlap between these carnivores. The snow leopard used grassland and shrubland, whereas the common leopard selected forest. Contrary to our prediction, snow leopard and common leopard preyed upon similar wild (Himalayan tahr, musk deer) and domestic species (Bos spp., dogs). Dietary overlap between snow leopard and common leopard was 69% (yearly), 76% (colder months) and 60% (warmer months). Thus, habitat separation should be the result of other factors, most likely avoidance of interspecific aggression. Habitat separation may not always lead to the use of different prey. Avoidance of interspecific aggression, rather than exploitation of different resources, could allow the coexistence of potentially competing large predators. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1402 | ||
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| Author |
Lovari, S., Boesi, R., Minder, I., Mucci, N., Randi, E., Dematteis, A., and Ale, S. B. | ||||
| Title | Restoring a keystone predator may endanger a prey species in a human-altered ecosystem: the return of the snow leopard to Sagarmatha National Park | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Animal Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | Pages | 559-570 | |
| Keywords | conservation, food habits, genetics, Hemitragus jemlahicus, Himalayan tahr, management, microsatellite, predation, presence, scat, scat analysis, snow leopard, Uncia uncia | ||||
| Abstract | Twenty-five years ago, the snow leopard Uncia uncia, an endangered large cat, was eliminated from what is now Sagarmatha National Park (SNP). Heavy hunting pressure depleted that area of most medium-large mammals, before it became a park. After three decades of protection, the cessation of hunting and the recovery of wild ungulate populations, snow leopards have recently returned (four individuals). We have documented the effects of the return of the snow leopard on the population of its main wild prey, the Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus, a 'near-threatened' caprin. Signs of snow leopard presence were recorded and scats were collected along a fixed trail (130 km) to assess the presence and food habits of the snow leopard in the Park, from 2004 to 2006. Himalayan tahr, the staple of the diet, had a relative occurrence of 48% in summer and 37% in autumn, compared with the next most frequent prey, musk deer Moschus chrysogaster (summer: 20%; autumn: 15%) and cattle (summer: 15%; autumn: 27%). In early summer, the birth rate of tahr (young-to-female ratio: 0.8-0.9) was high. The decrease of this ratio to 0.1-0.2 in autumn implied that summer predation concentrated on young tahr, eventually altering the population by removing the kid cohort. Small populations of wild Caprinae, for example the Himalayan tahr population in SNP, are sensitive to stochastic predation events and may be led to almost local extinction. If predation on livestock keeps growing, together with the decrease of Himalayan tahr, retaliatory killing of snow leopards by local people may be expected, and the snow leopard could again be at risk of local extinction. Restoration of biodiversity through the return of a large predator has to be monitored carefully, especially in areas affected by humans, where the lack of important environmental components, for example key prey species, may make the return of a predator a challenging event. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1122 | ||
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| Author |
Loginov, O. | ||||
| Title | Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Kazakstan | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1997 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 39-41 | ||
| Keywords | kazakstan; Russia; Ussr; Soviet-Union; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; Cites; Almaty; conservation; status; distribution; protected-area; Kazakhstan; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; protected; area; 2500 | ||||
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| Publisher | International Snow Leopard Trust | Place of Publication | Lahore, Pakistan | Editor | R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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| Notes | Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 317 | Serial | 625 | ||
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