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Author (up) Konrath, R. url 
  Title Snow leopard born at Milwaukee Type Journal Article
  Year 1975 Publication Animal Keepers' Forum Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue 11 Pages  
  Keywords snow leopard, captivity, Milwaukee Zoo, birth  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1225  
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Author (up) Korablev, M. P., Poyarkov, A. D., Karnaukhov, A. S., Zvychaynaya, E. Y., Kuksin, A. N., Malykh, S. V., Istomov, S. V., Spitsyn, S. V., Aleksandrov, D. Y., Hernandez-Blanco, J. A., Munkhtsog, B., Munkhtogtokh, O., Putintsev, N. I., Vereshchagin, A. S., Becmurody, A., Afzunov, S., Rozhnov, V. V. url 
  Title Large-scale and fine-grain population structure and genetic diversity of snow leopards (Panthera uncia Schreber, 1776) from the northern and western parts of the range with an emphasis on the Russian population. Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Conservation Genetics Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Snow leopard, Panthera uncia, Microsatellites, Heterozygosity, Population structure, Noninvasive survey, Scat, Subspecies  
  Abstract The snow leopard (Panthera uncia Schreber, 1776) population in Russia and Mongolia is situated at the northern edge of the range, where instability of ecological conditions and of prey availability may serve as prerequisites for demographic instability and, consequently, for reducing the genetic diversity. Moreover, this northern area of the species distribution is connected with the western and central parts by only a few small fragments of potential habitats in the Tian-Shan spurs in China and Kazakhstan. Given this structure of the range, the restriction of gene flow between the northern and other regions of snow leopard distribution can be expected. Under these conditions, data on population genetics would be extremely important for assessment of genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow both at regional and large-scale level. To investigate large-scale and fine-grain population structure and levels of genetic diversity we analyzed 108 snow leopards identified from noninvasively collected scat samples from Russia and Mongolia (the northern part of the range) as well as from Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan (the western part of the range) using panel of eight polymorphic microsatellites. We found low to moderate levels of genetic diversity in the studied populations. Among local habitats, the highest heterozygosity and allelic richness were recorded in Kyrgyzstan (He = 0.66 ± 0.03, Ho = 0.70 ± 0.04, Ar = 3.17) whereas the lowest diversity was found in a periphery subpopulation in Buryatia Republic of Russia (He = 0.41 ± 0.12, Ho = 0.29 ± 0.05, Ar = 2.33). In general, snow leopards from the western range exhibit greater genetic diversity (He = 0.68 ± 0.04, Ho = 0.66 ± 0.03, Ar = 4.95) compared to those from the northern range (He = 0.60 ± 0.06, Ho = 0.49 ± 0.02, Ar = 4.45). In addition, we have identified signs of fragmentation in the northern habitat, which have led to significant genetic divergence between subpopulations in Russia. Multiple analyses of genetic structure support considerable genetic differentiation between the northern and western range parts, which may testify to subspecies subdivision of snow leopards from these regions. The observed patterns of genetic structure are evidence for delineation of several management units within the studied populations, requiring individual approaches for conservation initiatives, particularly related to translocation events. The causes for the revealed patterns of genetic structure and levels of genetic diversity are discussed.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1633  
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Author (up) Korelov M.N. url 
  Title The vertebrates of Bostandyk region Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1956 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 269, 314  
  Keywords Western Tien Shan; fauna; snow leopard; distribution.; 7230; Russian  
  Abstract Data about faunistic complexes of Bostandyk region is provided. Snow leopard inhabited in high mountains of Chatkal, Pskem and Ugam ridges. The tracks of irbis were recorded in the snowfield near the edge of Pskem ridge (upper Ichnach-say river).  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature and economic conditions in the mountain part of Bostandyk. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 701 Serial 550  
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Author (up) Korytin S.A. url 
  Title Animal's behavior near attractions. Animal's reaction to chasing with dogs. Animal behavior and traps Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 49-51  
  Keywords Cats; behavior; snow leopard.; 7300; Russian  
  Abstract It describes trophic behavior of the cat family species (lion, tiger, leopard, snow leopard, cheetah, caracal, reed cat, wild cat and domestic cat), their reaction to dog-chasing and behavioral patterns when trapped. Snow leopards (Uncia uncia) sometime eat dead animals. After killing the prey they take it away. Irbis eats the carcass, half-risen on front limbs, beginning from the chest and front limbs or lower part of belly, usually not touching intestines. It eats slowly and spends a lot of time near the carcass and returns to the carcass several times. Known are cases that two snow leopards, or a snow leopard and wolf eating the prey together. Snow leopard usually keeps birds off the carcass. If a man approaches snow leopard normally goes away, sometimes putting up with his close presence. Escaping from dogs, snow leopard was seen to plunge into the river. When trapped, snow leopard rather easily surrenders to man.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Habits of wild animals. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 708 Serial 551  
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Author (up) Kosharev, E.P. url 
  Title Excerpts from “The snow leopard in Kirgizia” Type Magazine Article
  Year 1990 Publication Snow Line Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 8 Issue 2 Pages 7-8  
  Keywords snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; population  
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  Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Editor  
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  Notes Translation by Kathleen Braden from Chapter 3, “Distribution and population of snow leopard in Kirgizia” from the following book: “The Snow Leopard of Kirgizia” by E.P. Kosharev, published in 1989 by Ilum Publishers. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 968 Serial 552  
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Author (up) Kosharev, E.P. url 
  Title Snow Leopard and Turkestan Lynx Poaching in Central Asia Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Cat News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Autumn Issue 21 Pages  
  Keywords Central Asia; poaching; Russian; snow leopard; Turkestan  
  Abstract Of the many problems facing the republics of Central Asia and Kazakhstan after the break-up of the USSR, poaching of endandered animals is of particular concern. Everything is up for sale through the black market, networks of acquaintances, middlemen or even advertisements in the newspapers: horns, skins, mounted trophies, animal parts for traditional medicine. Interest in snow leopard and Turkestan lynx (Lynx lynx isabellinus Blyth), and skins and horns from mountain sheep and goats sharply increased in 1992-93, and prices grew unusually high.  
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  Notes Translated from Russian by Kathleen Braden. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 941 Serial 553  
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Author (up) Koshkarev E. url 
  Title Critical Ranges as Centres of Biodiversity Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1998 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume N 14 Issue Pages 37-38  
  Keywords Central Asia; biodiversity; rare species; species survival; snow leopard.; 7270; Russian  
  Abstract A high percentage of rare species in Central Asia experience limited conditions for distribution. Geographic centers with higher species diversity are generally constrained in terms of territory: they are formed when ranges overlap. But in Central Asia and along its borders with Russia, centers of biodiversity overlap at the very marginal edges of ranges. Central Asian species cross into Russian territory, where desert and steppe are replaced by thick forest. Here the northern borders of their ranges are sharply fragmented and isolated. Typical examples for Central Asia are the ranges of the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), Asian leopard (Panthera pardus caucasica), striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena), Bukhara deer (Census elaphus bactrianus), markhor (Capra falconeri), blue sheep (Pseudois nayauf) and argali (Ovis ammon). In Russia are the Altai subspecies of argali, the Siberian argali (O.a.ammon), the mountain goat (Capra sibirica), Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa), snow leopard (Uncia uncia), Pallas' cat (Felis manul), dhole (Cuon alpinus), grey marmot (Marmota baibacina), Mongolian marmot (M. sibirica) and tolai hare (Lepus tolai). Where the numbers o f individuals has fallen to extreme lows, the most effective mechanism for species survival may be supporting the integrity of ranges, in order to preserve population exchanges between neighboring groups. The geographic location of reserves and other protected territories is vitally important for the survival of Central Asian species, given the acute fragmentation of their ranges. These reserves should include significant, viable centers of population the key places. Wherever the creation of permanent protected territories is impossible, a new tactic must be found, such as introducing temporary limitations on the use of land for agriculture and hunting. But all protected territories, whether temporary or permanent, should be connected, forming a core and periphery. The marginal range areas must not be forgotten, if total protection of endangered populations is to be accomplished.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Russian Conservation News. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 705 Serial 555  
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Author (up) Koshkarev E. url 
  Title What has happened to the snow leopard after the break-up of Soviet Union? Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 4 (19) Issue Pages 72  
  Keywords Central Asia; status; poaching; conservation measures; snow leopard.; 7280; Russian  
  Abstract It describes status of snow leopard in republics of the former Soviet Union, main reasons for poaching and negative and positive experience on species conservation. The total number of snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in the 1980's was at least 1200-1400. In Kazakhstan the snow leopard population totaled 180-200, in Uzbekistan around 100, and in Russia 150-200. The number and natural habitat of the species were in universal decline. Losses in Kyrgyzstan from poaching alone were no less than 30 animals per year in 1960-1980's. During this period the population in this area decreased by half, and the natural habitat by one third. With the break-up of the Soviet Union, poaching of the snow leopard and its pray grew by at least a factor of 3-4. It was estimated that 500-600 animals reduced the Kyrgyz snow leopard population in the 1990's. The population that remains today can barely be more than 150-200 individual snow leopards. The population has been physically decimated. Number of snow leopard in existence today in the former Soviet Union does not exceed 700-900 individual animals.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature conservation Journal. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 706 Serial 556  
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Author (up) Koshkarev E. url 
  Title About snow leopard Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2001 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Vol. 8. Issue Pages 148-151  
  Keywords Central Asia; status; poaching; conservation measures; snow leopard.; 7290; Russian  
  Abstract In 1980-s, in Central Asia there were 1,500-1,700 snow leopards: 800-900 in Kyrgyzstan, 500 in Tajikistan, 200 in Kazakhstan, and 100 in Uzbekistan. During the last century the number of snow leopard was constantly decreasing, though a its drastic reduction was observed after the collapse of the Soviet Union because of increased poaching for snow leopard and its objects of prey. The highest level of poaching was observed to occur in Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyzstan's population of snow leopard reduced to 200 animals. A decrease of snow leopard number in other parts of its habitat with less intense hunting (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, south-west Kyrgyzstan) was mostly because of depletion of food resources (population of ungulates reduced five eight times). The reasons are corruption and unemployment. In order to improve the situation it is required to improve regulatory framework and replicate existing positive experience in economic motivation of nature protection activities.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biological diversity of the West Tien Shan (Kazakhstan part). Proceedings of the Aksu Jabagly state nature reserve. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 707 Serial 557  
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Author (up) Koshkarev E.P. url 
  Title Snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan. The structure of habitat, ecology, protection Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1989 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 100 p.  
  Keywords Kyzgyzstan; snow leopard; life-history; distribution; habitats; number; diet; behavior; conservation measures.; 7240; Russian  
  Abstract Habitat, status of population, geographical distribution, number, and ecology of snow leopard in Tien Shan are analyzed based on original realistic material collected 1981 through 1988.Information about irbis in the `foreign' part of its habitat is given for comparison. The reasons for snow leopard habitat shrinkage in Central Asia and Kazakhstan for over 100 years are assessed. Status of ungulate populations snow leopard prey on is given. The predator's behavioral pattern and condition in enclosure are given consideration. Protection measures are proposed.  
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  Notes Full text available in Russian Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 702 Serial 558  
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