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Author |
Chapron, G. |
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Title |
Re-wilding: other projects help carnivores stay wild |
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2005 |
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Nature |
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437 |
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318 |
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Acinonyx jubatus, carnivore, coexistence, conservation, damage prevention, Panthera leo, snow leopard, survival, Uncia uncia |
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Letter to Nature Editor, in response to: In their plea for bringing Pleistocene wildlife to the New World (“Re-wilding North America” Nature 436, 913–914; 2005), Josh Donlan and colleagues do not discuss successful efforts to ensure long-term survival of large carnivores in Africa and Asia. A few examples are given. |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1114 |
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Chapron, G.; Legendre, S. |
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Title |
Some Insights Into Snow Leopard (Uncia Uncia) Demography By Using Stage Structured Population Models |
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2002 |
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snow; leopard; uncia; viability; analysis; carnivore; carnivores; domestic; game; demographic; population; mortality; biology; mating; 4910 |
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Based on the limited data available on snow leopard demography, we developed deterministic and stochastic stage-structured demographic models to study the population dynamics of this large cat. Our results reveal that even small leopard populations can persist provided their demographic parameters remain high, but less favorable scenarios would require larger population sizes. Population growth rate is more sensitive to breeder survivals than to any other parameters. A snow leopard population would start declining if yearly mortality claims more than 1/5 of the population. This study identifies poaching as a major threat to snow leopard survival and stresses the importance of long-term studies to better understand snow leopard population dynamics. |
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Islt |
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Seattle |
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Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA |
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SLN @ rana @ 477 |
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213 |
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Chaudhuri, S.; Mukherjee, S.K.; Chatterjee, A.; Ganguli, J.L. |
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Title |
Isolation of P multocida F-3, 4 from a stillborn snow leopard |
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1992 |
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Vet Rec |
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130 |
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2 |
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36 |
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Animal; Bacteremia; Blood; browse; Carnivora; Death; Diseases; Female; Fetal; Infections; isolation; microbiology; multocida; Pasteurella; Pregnancy; purification; veterinary |
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0042-4900 |
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Document Type: eng |
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SLN @ rana @ 187 |
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214 |
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Chen, P., Gao, Y., Lee, A. T. L., Cering, L., Shi, K., Clark, S. G. |
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Title |
Human–carnivore coexistence in Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) Nature Reserve, China: Patterns and compensation |
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2016 |
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Biological Conservation |
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197 |
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18-26 |
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Conflict Compensation Human–carnivore coexistence Management Predation patterns Qomolangma Nature Reserve |
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Livestock depredation by large carnivores is frequently reported in Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) National Nature Reserve, Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Seeking to minimize conflicts, we assessed depredation patterns and ways to upgrade the compensation program. We gathered 9193 conflict records over 2011–2013 to determine the extent and tempo-spatial patterns of the depredation.Weinterviewed 22 local officials and 94 residents to learn their views on depredations and to assess the adequacy of compensation. Data showed that wolves (Canis lupus), lynx (Lynx lynx), and snowleopards (Panthera uncia)were themajor livestock predators. Total livestock
loss accounted for 1.2% of the entire stockholding (n=846,707) in the region. Wolves and lynx tended to take sheep and goats,whereas snowleopards favored yaks and cattle in relation to their proportional abundance. Predation mostly occurred in March through July. Livestock depredation by all predators when combined was best explained by terrain ruggedness and density of small- and large-bodied livestock. Temporal and spatial predation patterns variedamong carnivores.Most respondents (74%) attributed depredation causes to an increase in carnivore abundance. Only 7% blamed lax livestock herding practice for predation losses. Five percent said that
predation was the result of livestock population increases, while 11% had no idea. The compensation scheme was found to be flawed in all aspects—predation verification, application procedure, compensation standard, operational resource allocation, making payment, and other problems. To enhance management for human–carnivore coexistence, we recommend a problem-oriented, integrated, adaptive approach that targets the complex social context of the conflict and addresses the interconnected functions of decision-making process. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1435 |
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Author |
Cherkasova M.V. |
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Title |
Predators |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1982 |
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15 |
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Ussr; Red Data book; mammals; carnivores; Cats; snow leopard.; 6420; Russian |
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Among species included in the Red Data Book of the USSR, predators occupy the first place; of them, unconditional leadership belongs the cat family species. Nine of eleven species of the family are referred to as rare and endangered ones. In the past snow leopard (Uncia uncia) inhabited all mountains on the south of the USSR from Tien Shan and Pamir to Transbaikalia. Now it no longer inhabits many of its previous habitats and has become rare, everywhere. Its total population in the USSR is no more than 1000 animals. At the beginning of XX century there were cases that such an amount of snow leopard (i.e. 1,000) was hunted during one year. Until recently, hunting the species was allowed all year round and even encouraged. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: They must live. Mammals. |
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SLN @ rana @ 620 |
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215 |
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Author |
Chernogaev E.A. |
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Title |
Materials on rare and protected species of the Kyzylsu nature reserve |
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Miscellaneous |
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1978 |
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39-40 |
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Uzbekistan; Kyzylsu nature reserve; rare species; birds; mammals; snow leopard; poaching; human influence.; 6430; Russian |
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This survey was being done (May, 1975 February, 1976) in the new Kyzylsu nature reserve, established in 1975. Before 1975, the anthropogenic pressure was mainly represented by overgrazing and unregulated hunting. Provided are data on bird species (bearded vulture, Himalayan vulture, griffon vulture, golden eagle, and Himalayan snow cock), mammal species (long-tailed marmot, Indian porcupine, brown bear, lynx, snow leopard, and Siberian ibex). |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protection of flora and fauna in Uzbekistan. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 621 |
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216 |
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Chernogaev E.A. |
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Title |
Modern condition and number of animals in nature reserves of Uzbekistan |
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Miscellaneous |
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1996 |
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Issue 1. |
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23-34 |
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Uzbekistan; nature reserves; modern condition; number; rare species; snow leopard.; 6440; Russian |
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There is adducing information about number and modern condition of C.ferox, G.barbatus, A.chrisa‰tus, M.menzbieri, U.arctosisabellinus, L.lutra seistanica, H.hiena, F.lynx isabellina, U.uncia, C.elaphus bactrianus, G.subgutturoza, C.falconeri, O. ammon severtzovi, O. orientalis bochariensis and other species during last years in Chatkal, Nuratau, Hissar, Surkhan and Kyzylkum nature reserves. There is prognosis in changing of number. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of nature protected areas of Uzbekistan. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 622 |
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217 |
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Chetri, M, Odden, M., Sharma, K., Flagstad, O., Wegge, P |
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Title |
Estimating snow leopard density using fecal DNA in a large landscape in north-central Nepal |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Global Ecology and Conservation |
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17 |
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1-8 |
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Panthera uncia, Density, Annapurna-Manaslu landscape, Noninvasive, Spatial scale |
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Although abundance estimates have a strong bearing on the conservation status of a
species, less than 2% of the global snow leopard distribution range has been sampled
systematically, mostly in small survey areas. In order to estimate snow leopard density
across a large landscape, we collected 347 putative snow leopard scats from 246 transects
(490 km) in twenty-six 5 5km sized sampling grid cells within 4393 km2 in Annapurna-
Manaslu, Nepal. From 182 confirmed snow leopard scats, 81 were identified as belonging
to 34 individuals; the remaining were discarded for their low (<0.625) quality index. Using
maximum likelihood based spatial capture recapture analysis, we developed candidate
model sets to test effects of various covariates on density and detection of scats on transects.
The best models described the variation in density as a quadratic function of
elevation and detection as a linear function of topography. The average density estimate of
snow leopards for the area of interest within Nepal was 0.95 (SE 0.19) animals per 100 km2
(0.66e1.41 95% CL) with predicted densities varying between 0.1 and 1.9 in different parts,
thus highlighting the heterogeneity in densities as a function of habitat types. Our density
estimate was low compared to previous estimates from smaller study areas. Probably,
estimates from some of these areas were inflated due to locally high abundances in overlap
zones (hotspots) of neighboring individuals, whose territories probably range far beyond
study area borders. Our results highlight the need for a large-scale approach in snow
leopard monitoring, and we recommend that methodological problems related to spatial
scale are taken into account in future snow leopard research. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1478 |
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Chetri, M., Odden, M., Devineau, O., McCarthy, T., Wegge, P. |
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Title |
Multiple factors influence local perceptions of snow leopards and
Himalayan wolves in the central Himalayas, Nepal. |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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PeerJ |
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1-18 |
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Panthera uncia, Canis lupus chanco, Perceptions, Large carnivores, Trans-Himalayas |
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An understanding of local perceptions of carnivores is
important for conservation and management planning. In the central
Himalayas, Nepal, we interviewed 428 individuals from 85 settlements
using a semi-structured questionnaire to quantitatively assess local
perceptions and tolerance of snow leopards and wolves. We used
generalized linear mixed effect models to assess influential factors,
and found that tolerance of snow leopards was much higher than of
wolves. Interestingly, having experienced livestock losses had a minor
impact on perceptions of the carnivores. Occupation of the respondents
had a strong effect on perceptions of snow leopards but not of wolves.
Literacy and age had weak impacts on snow leopard perceptions, but the
interaction among these terms showed a marked effect, that is, being
illiterate had a more marked negative impact among older respondents.
Among the various factors affecting perceptions of wolves, numbers of
livestock owned and gender were the most important predictors. People
with larger livestock herds were more negative towards wolves. In terms
of gender, males were more positive to wolves than females, but no such
pattern was observed for snow leopards. People’s negative perceptions
towards wolves were also related to the remoteness of the villages.
Factors affecting people’s perceptions could not be generalized for the
two species, and thus need to be addressed separately. We suggest future
conservation projects and programs should prioritize remote settlements. |
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1615 |
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Chetri, M., Odden, M., Wegge, P. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard and Himalayan Wolf: Food Habits and Prey Selection in the Central Himalayas, Nepal |
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2017 |
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Plos |
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12(2) |
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2-16 |
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Top carnivores play an important role in maintaining energy flow and functioning of the ecosystem,
and a clear understanding of their diets and foraging strategies is essential for
developing effective conservation strategies. In this paper, we compared diets and prey
selection of snow leopards and wolves based on analyses of genotyped scats (snow leopards
n = 182, wolves n = 57), collected within 26 sampling grid cells (5×5 km) that were distributed
across a vast landscape of ca 5000 km2 in the Central Himalayas, Nepal. Within the
grid cells, we sampled prey abundances using the double observer method. We found that
interspecific differences in diet composition and prey selection reflected their respective
habitat preferences, i.e. snow leopards significantly preferred cliff-dwelling wild ungulates
(mainly bharal, 57% of identified material in scat samples), whereas wolves preferred typically
plain-dwellers (Tibetan gazelle, kiang and argali, 31%). Livestock was consumed less
frequently than their proportional availability by both predators (snow leopard = 27%; wolf =
24%), but significant avoidance was only detected among snow leopards. Among livestock
species, snow leopards significantly preferred horses and goats, avoided yaks, and used
sheep as available. We identified factors influencing diet composition using Generalized Linear
Mixed Models. Wolves showed seasonal differences in the occurrence of small mammals/
birds, probably due to the winter hibernation of an important prey, marmots. For snow
leopard, occurrence of both wild ungulates and livestock in scats depended on sex and latitude.
Wild ungulates occurrence increased while livestock decreased from south to north,
probably due to a latitudinal gradient in prey availability. Livestock occurred more frequently
in scats from male snow leopards (males: 47%, females: 21%), and wild ungulates more frequently
in scats from females (males: 48%, females: 70%). The sexual difference agrees
with previous telemetry studies on snow leopards and other large carnivores, and may
reflect a high-risk high-gain strategy among males. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1450 |
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