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Li, J., Lu, Z. | ||||
Title | Snow Leopard poaching and trade in China 2000-2013 | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | 176 | Pages | 207-211 | |
Keywords | Bone, Pelt, Panthera uncial, Retaliatory killing, Sanjiangyuan | ||||
Abstract | The snow leopard is a flagship species of the alpine ecosystem in the Central Asia, with China comprising nearly 60% of the habitat and population. It was listed as endangered by IUCN and included in Appendix I of CITES in the 1970s. Poaching for its fur and bones is a significant and increasing threat to snow leopards globally. However, little detailed information is available on snow leopard poaching in China. Here, we collected all reported cases of snow leopard poaching and trade in China 2000–2013. We found that snow leopard parts were mainly traded in the major cities within their range provinces, but also began to emerge in a few coastal cities after 2010. Household interviews in the Sanjiangyuan Region in Qinghai Province showed that in this sub region alone, 11 snow leopards were killed annually, accounting for about 1.2% of the estimated snow leopard population there. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1410 | ||
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Kohli, K., Sankaran, M., Suryawanshi, K. R., Mishra, C | ||||
Title | A penny saved is a penny earned: lean season foraging strategy of an alpine ungulate | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | 92 | Pages | 93-100 | |
Keywords | blue sheep, grazing, herbivore, mountain ungulate, optimal foraging, Pseudois nayaur, trans-Himalaya | ||||
Abstract | Lean season foraging strategies are critical for the survival of species inhabiting highly seasonal environments such as alpine regions. However, inferring foraging strategies is often difficult because of challenges associated with empirically estimating energetic costs and gains of foraging in the field. We generated qualitative predictions for the relationship between daily winter foraging time, body size and forage availability for three contrasting foraging strategies including time minimization, energy intake maximization and net energy maximization. Our model predicts that for animals employing a time minimization strategy, daily winter foraging time should not change with body size and should increase with a reduction in forage availability. For energy intake maximization, foraging time should not vary with either body size or forage availability. In contrast, for a net energy maximization strategy, foraging time should decrease with increase in body size and with a reduction in forage availability. We contrasted proportion of daily time spent foraging by bharal, Pseudois nayaur, a dimorphic grazer, across different body size classes in two high-altitude sites differing in forage availability. Our results indicate that bharal behave as net energy maximizers during winter. As predicted by the net energy maximization strategy, daily winter foraging time of bharal declined with increasing body size, and was lower in the site with low forage availability. Furthermore, as predicted by our model, foraging time declined as the winter season progressed. We did not find support for the time minimizing or energy intake maximizing strategies. Our qualitative model uses relative rather than absolute costs and gains of foraging which are often difficult to estimate in the field. It thus offers a simple way to make informed inferences regarding animal foraging strategies by contrasting estimates of daily foraging time across gradients of body size and forage availability. |
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1409 | ||
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Khan, B., Ablimit, A., Nawaz, M. A., Ali, R., Khan, M. Z., Jaffaruddin, Karim, R. | ||||
Title | Pastoralist experience and tolerance of snow leopard, wolf and lynx predation in Karakoram Pamir Mountains | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Journal of Biodiversity and Envirnomental Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 5 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 214-229 |
Keywords | Carnivore, herbivores, interaction, Karakoram, Pamir, Khunjerab, Taxkorgan, China, Pakistan | ||||
Abstract | Human-carnivore conflict is a common conservation and livelihood issue in mountain communities. This study was conducted to understand nature and extent of socio-ecological interaction between pastoralism and wildlife conservation in cold deserts of Karakoram Pamir Mountains (KPM) between China and Pakistan. Study revealed that livestock depredation is a burning issue in KPM with varying intensity from place to place, depending upon wild prey abundance, herd size, herding practices, predator type and age. Snow leopard, wolf and lynx were the major predators, while Brown bear despite its presence was reported being less fatal to livestock. Snow leopard killed highest number of animals (88.7% n=1440) mostly sheep and goats whereas, wolf killed more juvenile yaks. Lynx was found occasionally predating on young domestic crop. Highest number of kills was recorded from pastures during summer months (July-Aug) when animals were free grazing or were kept inside pens at night. Wild prey base being abysmally low, livestock seemed offering a considerable portion of diet to carnivores. Despite considerable losses from carnivores, more respondents in KNP (Pakistan) buffer zone had sympathies for predators compared to those in TNR (China) who were annoyed of the carnivores. Although people attributed escalating human-carnivore conflict to a higher level of protection to wild animals in Protected Areas (PA) but efforts are still needed to judiciously integrate conservation with local livelihood and development needs, otherwise herders may continue losing their livestock to predators and retaliatory killing of endangered carnivore species i.e., Snow leopard and Wolf may continue unabated and would further destabilize the fragile mountain ecosystem. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1418 | ||
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Janecka, J. E., Jackson, R., Munkhtsog, B., Murphy, W. J. | ||||
Title | Characterization of 9 microsatellites and primers in snow leopards and a species-specific PCR assay for identifying noninvasive samples | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Conservation Genetic Resource | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 6 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 369:373 |
Keywords | Microsatellites,Cytochrome b, Snow Leopard, Noninvasive genetics, Individual identification | ||||
Abstract | Molecular markers that can effectively identify noninvasively collected samples and provide genetic information are critical for understanding the distribution, status, and ecology of snow leopards (Panthera uncia). However, the low DNA quantity and quality in many noninvasive samples such as scats makes PCR amplification and genotyping challenging. We therefore designed primers for 9 microsatellites loci previously isolated in the domestic cat (Felis catus) specifically for snow leopard studies using noninvasive samples. The loci showed moderate levels of variation in two Mongolian snow leopard populations. Combined with seven other loci that we previously described, they have sufficient variation (He = 0.504, An = 3.6) for individual identification and population structure analysis. We designed a species species specific PCR assay using cytochrome b for identification of unknown snow leopard samples. These molecular markers facilitate in depth studies to assess distribution, abundance, population structure, and landscape connectivity of this endangered species. endangered species |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1427 | ||
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Author ![]() |
Janecka, J. E., Jackson, R., Munkhtsog, B., Murphy, W. J. | ||||
Title | Characterization of 9 microsatellites and primers in snow leopards and a species-specific PCR assay for identifying noninvasive samples | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Conservation Genetic Resource | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 6 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 369:373 |
Keywords | Microsatellites,Cytochrome b, Snow Leopard, Noninvasive genetics, Individual identification | ||||
Abstract | Molecular markers that can effectively identify noninvasively collected samples and provide genetic information are critical for understanding the distribution, status, and ecology of snow leopards (Panthera uncia). However, the low DNA quantity and quality in many noninvasive samples such as scats makes PCR amplification and genotyping challenging. We therefore designed primers for 9 microsatellites loci previously isolated in the domestic cat (Felis catus) specifically for snow leopard studies using noninvasive samples. The loci showed moderate levels of variation in two Mongolian snow leopard populations. Combined with seven other loci that we previously described, they have sufficient variation (He = 0.504, An = 3.6) for individual identification and population structure analysis. We designed a species species specific PCR assay using cytochrome b for identification of unknown snow leopard samples. These molecular markers facilitate in depth studies to assess distribution, abundance, population structure, and landscape connectivity of this endangered species. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1428 | ||
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Author ![]() |
Ferretti, F., Lovari, S., Minder, I., Pellizzi, B. | ||||
Title | Recovery of the snow leopard in Sagarmatha (Mt.Everest) National Park: effects on main prey | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | European Journal of Wildlife Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | 60 | Pages | 559-562 | |
Keywords | Predator–prey relationships . Small populations . Snow leopard . Himalayan tahr | ||||
Abstract | Consequences of predation may be particularly heavy on small populations of herbivores, especially if they are threatened with extinction. Over the 2006–2010 period, we documented the effects of the spontaneous return of the endangered snow leopard on the population of the vulnerable Himalayan tahr. The study area was an area of central Himalaya where this cat disappeared c. 40 years before, because of persecution by man. Snow leopards occurred mainly in areas close to the core area of tahr distribution. Tahr was the staple (56.3 %) of snow leopards. After the arrival of this cat, tahr decreased by more than 2/3 from 2003 to 2010 (mainly through predation on kids). Subsequently, the density of snow leopards decreased by 60%from2007 to 2010. The main prey of snow leopards in Asia (bharal, marmots) were absent in our study area, forcing snow leopards to specialize on tahr. The restoration of a complete prey spectrum should be favoured through reintroductions, to conserve large carnivores and to reduce exploitation of small populations of herbivores, especially if threatened. |
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1408 | ||
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Author ![]() |
Ale, S., Shrestha, B., and Jackson, R. | ||||
Title | On the status of Snow Leopard Panthera Uncia (Schreber 1775) in Annapurna, Nepal | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Journal of Threatened Taxa | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | 6(3) | Pages | 5534-5543 | |
Keywords | Annapurna, Blue Sheep, Buddhism, camera-trapping, Himalayas, Mustang, sign-survey, Snow Leopard. | ||||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1407 | ||
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