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Author (up) Karmacharya, Dibesh B
Title Noninvasive genetic population survey of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in Kangchenjunga conservation area, Shey Phoksundo National Park and surrounding buffer zones of Nepal Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Bio Med Central Abbreviated Journal
Volume 4 Issue 516 Pages
Keywords
Abstract Background

The endangered snow leopard is found throughout major mountain ranges of Central Asia, including the remote Himalayas. However, because of their elusive behavior, sparse distribution, and poor access to their habitat, there is a lack of reliable information on their population status and demography, particularly in Nepal. Therefore, we utilized noninvasive genetic techniques to conduct a preliminary snow leopard survey in two protected areas of Nepal.

Results

A total of 71 putative snow leopard scats were collected and analyzed from two different areas; Shey Phoksundo National Park (SPNP) in the west and Kangchanjunga Conservation Area (KCA) in the east. Nineteen (27%) scats were genetically identified as snow leopards, and 10 (53%) of these were successfully genotyped at 6 microsatellite loci. Two samples showed identical genotype profiles indicating a total of 9 individual snow leopards. Four individual snow leopards were identified in SPNP (1 male and 3 females) and five (2 males and 3 females) in KCA.

Conclusions

We were able to confirm the occurrence of snow leopards in both study areas and determine the minimum number present. This information can be used to design more in-depth population surveys that will enable estimation of snow leopard population abundance at these sites.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1371
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Author (up) Kinoshita, K., Inada, S., Seki, K., Sasaki, A., Hama, N., Kusunoki, H.
Title Long-Term Monitoring of Fecal Steroid Hormones in Female Snow Leopards (Panthera uncia) during Pregnancy or Pseudopregnancy Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication PLoS ONE Abbreviated Journal
Volume 6 Issue 5 Pages e19314. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019314
Keywords
Abstract Knowledge of the basic reproductive physiology of snow leopards is required urgently in order to develop a suitable management conditions under captivity. In this study, the long-term monitoring of concentrations of three steroid hormones in fecal matter of three female snow leopards was performed using enzyme immunoassays: (1) estradiol-17&#946;, (2) progesterone and (3) cortisol metabolite. Two of the female animals were housed with a male during the winter breeding season, and copulated around the day the estradiol-17&#946; metabolite peaked subsequently becoming pregnant. The other female was treated in two different ways: (1) first housed with a male in all year round and then (2) in the winter season only. She did not mate with him on the first occasion, but did so latter around when estradiol-17&#946; metabolite peaked, and became pseudopregnant. During pregnancy, progesterone metabolite concentrations increased for 92 or 94 days, with this period being approximately twice as long as in the pseudopregnant case (31, 42, 49 and 53 days). The levels of cortisol metabolite in the pseudopregnant female (1.35 µg/g) were significantly higher than in the pregnant females (0.33 and 0.24 µg/g) (P<0.05). Similarly, during the breeding season, the levels of estradiol-17&#946; metabolite in the pseudopregnant female (2.18 µg/g) were significantly higher than those in the pregnant females (0.81 and 0.85 µg/g) (P<0.05). Unlike cortisol the average levels of estradiol-17&#946; during the breeding season were independent of reproductive success.

The hormone levels may also be related to housing conditions and the resulting reproductive success in female leopards. The female housed with a male during the non-breeding season had high levels of cortisol metabolites and low levels of estradiol-17&#946; in the breeding season, and failed to become pregnant. This indicates that housing conditions in snow leopards may be an important factor for normal endocrine secretion and resulting breeding success.
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Publisher Texas A & M University Place of Publication United States of America Editor Sharon Gursky-Doyen
Language English Summary Language Original Title
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Notes PLoS ONE 6(5): e19314. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019314 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1317
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Author (up) Mazoomdaar, J.
Title Cat Among the People Type Magazine Article
Year 2011 Publication Open Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 8 August Pages 40-45
Keywords snow leopard, India, Bhatnagar, Chundawat, Nature Conservation Foundation, Hemis, Kibber, Himmel
Abstract
Address www.openthemagazine.com
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Notes http://openthemagazine.com/article/nation/cat-among-the-people Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1358
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Author (up) Ming, M., Munkhtsog, B., McCarthy, T., McCarthy, K.
Title Monitor ing of Population Density of Snow Leopard in X injiang Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment Abbreviated Journal
Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 79-83
Keywords Uncia uncia; snow leopard; monitoring method; trace; infrared camera; relative intensity
Abstract The snow leopard (Uncia uncia) is a very rare species in China. The survey of traces of snow leopard in Kunlun, Altay and Tianshan is them a instep of the Project of Snow Leopard in X injiang supported by the International Snow Leopard Trust ( SLT) and the Xinjiang Conservation Fund (XCF). During the field survey from 2004 to 2010, the Xinjiang Snow Leopard Group ( XSLG) spent about 270 days in over 20 different places, covering over 150 transects totaling nearly 190 km, and found 1- 3 traces per kilometer. The traces of snow leopard recorded include dung, odor, chains of footprints, scraping, paw nail marks, lying mark, fur, urine, bloodstain, leftover of prey corpse, roaring and others. Based on tracer image analyses, the XSLG got to know primarily scopes of the domains, distribution and relative density of the snow leopard in these areas. Then the group began to take infrared photos, conducted survey of food sources of the leopards, investigated fur market and paths of trading, and cases of killing, and carry out civil survey through questionnaire, non government organization community service and research on conflicts between grazing and wild life protection. A total of 36 infrared came ras were laid out, working a total of about 2 094 days or 50 256 hours. A total 71 rolls of film were collected and developed, includ ing 32 clear pictures of snow leopards, thus making up a shooting rate or capture rate of 1.53%. It was ascertained that in Tomur Peak area, there were 5- 8 snow leopards roaming within a range of 250 km2, forming a population density of 2&#56256;&#56321;0- 3&#56256;&#56321;2 per 100 km2. After compar ing the various monitoring results, the advantages and limitations of different monitoring methods have been discussed.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Chinese Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1303
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Author (up) Mongolian News
Title 50 wild sheep will be hunted this year Type Newspaper Article
Year 2011 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume 43 Issue 1142 Pages 4
Keywords
Abstract Notice that the Mongolian government will allow the taking of 4 snow leopards in 2011.
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Publisher Ardchilal Place of Publication Mongolia Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
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Notes http://www.ardchilal.com/ Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1299
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Author (up) Padmanabhan, S.
Title Rinchen Wangchuk – (1969-2011) Type Magazine Article
Year 2011 Publication Sanctuary Asia Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Abstract On March 26, 2011, the world of conservation became poorer by the passing away of Rinchen Wangchuk, the Founder and Director of the Snow Leopard Conservancy-India Trust (SLC-IT) in Leh. Rinchen had been ill for the past three years, having been diagnosed with a deteriorating neurological condition for which traditional medical systems and allopathy have no cure yet. Over the past decade, Rinchen, affectionately referred to as the “snow leopard man” by friends, had played a pivotal role in Ladakh, having initiated one of the most successful community-based initiatives that had changed local people’s perceptions of predators like the snow leopard and Tibetan wolf from “pests” to a valued asset.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1330
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Author (up) Sharma, K., McCarthy, T.
Title Counting cats: toward a framework for evaluating snow leopard (Panthera uncia) conservation efforts Type Miscellaneous
Year 2011 Publication Poster Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue March Pages
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Notes Poster presented at Zoos and Aquariums Committing to Conservation Conference, Seattle, WA March 2011 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1325
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Author (up) Shrestha, B., Kindlmann, P.
Title Interactions between the Himalayan tahr, livestock and snow leopards in the Sagarmatha National Park Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Himalayan Biodiversity in the Changing World Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor Springer, dordrecht
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1305
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Author (up) Simms, A., Moheb, Z., Salahudin, Ali, H., Ali, I. & Wood, T.
Title Saving threatened species in Afghanistan: snow leopards in the Wakhan Corridor Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication International Journal of Environmental Studies Abbreviated Journal
Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 299-312
Keywords Snow leopard; Camera trap; Governance; Rangers; Corral; Insurance
Abstract The Wakhan Corridor in northeast Afghanistan is an area known for relatively abundant wildlife and it appears to represent Afghanistan’s most important snow leopard landscape. The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) has been working in Wakhan since 2006. Recent camera trap surveys have documented the presence of snow leopards at 16 different locations in the landscape. These are the first camera trap records of snow leopards in Afghanistan. Threats to snow leopards in the region include the fur trade, retaliatory killing by shepherds and the capture of live animals for pets. WCS is developing an integrated management approach for this species, involving local governance, protection by a cadre of rangers, education, construction of predator-proof livestock corrals, a livestock insurance program, tourism and research activities. This management approach is expected to contribute significantly to the conservation of snow leopards and other wildlife species in the Wakhan.
Address Wildlife Conservation Society, International Programs, 2300 Southern Blvd, New York 10460, USA
Corporate Author Wildlife Conservation Society Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1347
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Author (up) Snow Leopard Conservancy
Title Snow Leopard Scouts from Mt. Everest Type Book Whole
Year 2011 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-40
Keywords
Abstract Snow Leopard Scouts from Mt. Everest -- a sketch booklet – targeted to school students, their parents and other stakeholders to generate their interest on conservation. Because it is their effort, participating students are expected to share the booklet that vividly illustrates their own contributions -- with their parents, teachers, fellow villagers, and cohorts in the other schools. Note that all participants, snow leopard scouts, took part in outdoor activities – they were exposed to snow leopard habitat, encouraged to observe Himalayan tahr and other wildlife, and were engaged in nature debates, essay writings, a quiz contest, and wildlife drawings – all formed the basis for preparing this simple (trial) booklet – all materials for the booklet came from participating students.
Address
Corporate Author Snow Leopard Conservancy Thesis
Publisher Snow Leopard Conservancy Place of Publication Callifornia, US Editor Anil Adhikari & Basu Kshitiz
Language English & Nepalese Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Concept, feedback and suggestions by: Som B. Ale, Rodney Jackson & Darla Hillard Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1302
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