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	Author	Kolosov A.M.
	Title	Central Asia		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1975	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	93-104
	Keywords	Central Asia; mountain system; species composition; distribution; number; habitats; rare species; endemics; game species; mammals; snow leopard.; 7190; Russian
	Abstract	It describes a mammal species composition in the mountain ecosystems of Central Asia Kopetdag, Hissaro-Alai and Pamir, Tien Shan, and Tarbagatai ridge. Data on distribution and population number is presented.
	Address
	Corporate Author			Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Editor
	Language		Summary Language	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue	Edition
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protection and enrichment of the USSR fauna.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 697		Serial	546
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	Author	Korytin S.A.
	Title	Animal's behavior near attractions. Animal's reaction to chasing with dogs. Animal behavior and traps		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1986	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	49-51
	Keywords	Cats; behavior; snow leopard.; 7300; Russian
	Abstract	It describes trophic behavior of the cat family species (lion, tiger, leopard, snow leopard, cheetah, caracal, reed cat, wild cat and domestic cat), their reaction to dog-chasing and behavioral patterns when trapped. Snow leopards (Uncia uncia) sometime eat dead animals. After killing the prey they take it away. Irbis eats the carcass, half-risen on front limbs, beginning from the chest and front limbs or lower part of belly, usually not touching intestines. It eats slowly and spends a lot of time near the carcass and returns to the carcass several times. Known are cases that two snow leopards, or a snow leopard and wolf eating the prey together. Snow leopard usually keeps birds off the carcass. If a man approaches snow leopard normally goes away, sometimes putting up with his close presence. Escaping from dogs, snow leopard was seen to plunge into the river. When trapped, snow leopard rather easily surrenders to man.
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	Corporate Author			Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Editor
	Language		Summary Language	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	Abbreviated Series Title
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Habits of wild animals.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 708		Serial	551
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	Author	Koshkarev E.
	Title	About snow leopard		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2001	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol. 8.	Issue	Pages	148-151
	Keywords	Central Asia; status; poaching; conservation measures; snow leopard.; 7290; Russian
	Abstract	In 1980-s, in Central Asia there were 1,500-1,700 snow leopards: 800-900 in Kyrgyzstan, 500 in Tajikistan, 200 in Kazakhstan, and 100 in Uzbekistan. During the last century the number of snow leopard was constantly decreasing, though a its drastic reduction was observed after the collapse of the Soviet Union because of increased poaching for snow leopard and its objects of prey. The highest level of poaching was observed to occur in Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyzstan's population of snow leopard reduced to 200 animals. A decrease of snow leopard number in other parts of its habitat with less intense hunting (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, south-west Kyrgyzstan) was mostly because of depletion of food resources (population of ungulates reduced five eight times). The reasons are corruption and unemployment. In order to improve the situation it is required to improve regulatory framework and replicate existing positive experience in economic motivation of nature protection activities.
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	Corporate Author			Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Editor
	Language		Summary Language	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue	Edition
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biological diversity of the West Tien Shan (Kazakhstan part). Proceedings of the Aksu Jabagly state nature reserve.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 707		Serial	557
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	Author	Koshkarev E.
	Title	What has happened to the snow leopard after the break-up of Soviet Union?		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2000	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	4 (19)	Issue	Pages	72
	Keywords	Central Asia; status; poaching; conservation measures; snow leopard.; 7280; Russian
	Abstract	It describes status of snow leopard in republics of the former Soviet Union, main reasons for poaching and negative and positive experience on species conservation. The total number of snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in the 1980's was at least 1200-1400. In Kazakhstan the snow leopard population totaled 180-200, in Uzbekistan around 100, and in Russia 150-200. The number and natural habitat of the species were in universal decline. Losses in Kyrgyzstan from poaching alone were no less than 30 animals per year in 1960-1980's. During this period the population in this area decreased by half, and the natural habitat by one third. With the break-up of the Soviet Union, poaching of the snow leopard and its pray grew by at least a factor of 3-4. It was estimated that 500-600 animals reduced the Kyrgyz snow leopard population in the 1990's. The population that remains today can barely be more than 150-200 individual snow leopards. The population has been physically decimated. Number of snow leopard in existence today in the former Soviet Union does not exceed 700-900 individual animals.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature conservation Journal.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 706		Serial	556
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	Author	Koshkarev E.
	Title	Critical Ranges as Centres of Biodiversity		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1998	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	N 14	Issue	Pages	37-38
	Keywords	Central Asia; biodiversity; rare species; species survival; snow leopard.; 7270; Russian
	Abstract	A high percentage of rare species in Central Asia experience limited conditions for distribution. Geographic centers with higher species diversity are generally constrained in terms of territory: they are formed when ranges overlap. But in Central Asia and along its borders with Russia, centers of biodiversity overlap at the very marginal edges of ranges. Central Asian species cross into Russian territory, where desert and steppe are replaced by thick forest. Here the northern borders of their ranges are sharply fragmented and isolated. Typical examples for Central Asia are the ranges of the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), Asian leopard (Panthera pardus caucasica), striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena), Bukhara deer (Census elaphus bactrianus), markhor (Capra falconeri), blue sheep (Pseudois nayauf) and argali (Ovis ammon). In Russia are the Altai subspecies of argali, the Siberian argali (O.a.ammon), the mountain goat (Capra sibirica), Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa), snow leopard (Uncia uncia), Pallas' cat (Felis manul), dhole (Cuon alpinus), grey marmot (Marmota baibacina), Mongolian marmot (M. sibirica) and tolai hare (Lepus tolai). Where the numbers o f individuals has fallen to extreme lows, the most effective mechanism for species survival may be supporting the integrity of ranges, in order to preserve population exchanges between neighboring groups. The geographic location of reserves and other protected territories is vitally important for the survival of Central Asian species, given the acute fragmentation of their ranges. These reserves should include significant, viable centers of population the key places. Wherever the creation of permanent protected territories is impossible, a new tactic must be found, such as introducing temporary limitations on the use of land for agriculture and hunting. But all protected territories, whether temporary or permanent, should be connected, forming a core and periphery. The marginal range areas must not be forgotten, if total protection of endangered populations is to be accomplished.
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	Corporate Author			Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Editor
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	Series Editor		Series Title	Abbreviated Series Title
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Russian Conservation News.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 705		Serial	555
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	Author	Koshkarev E.P.
	Title	Geographic prerequisites for snow leopard conservation in the USSR		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1990	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	153-154
	Keywords	Pamir; Pamir-Alai; tien shan; Jungar Alatau; Tarbagatai; Saur; Altai; Sayans; snow leopard.; 7250; Russian
	Abstract	Three key areas of the snow leopard habitat in the USSR are geographically segregated: Central Asia (Pamir, Tien Shan, Pamiro-Alai), East Kazakhstan (Jungar Alatau, Tarbagatai, Saur), and South Siberia (Altai, the Sayans), which are separated from one another. The fate of snow leopard in East Kazakhstan and South Siberia causes the most anxiety.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication	Editor
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of V Congress of all-Union mammalogy' society of the Academy of Science of the USSR.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 703		Serial	559
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	Author	Kotlyar V.V.
	Title	The Sary Chelek nature reserve		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1973	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	15
	Keywords	Kyrgyzstan; Sary Chelek nature reserve; plants; Animals; mammals; snow leopard.; 7310; Russian
	Abstract	The author describes flora and fauna of the Sary Chelek nature reserve. There are 40 mammal species in the nature reserve. Encounters with snow leopard are rather rare. Normally, it preys on ibex, mainly destroying weakened animals.
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	Corporate Author			Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Editor
	Language		Summary Language	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue	Edition
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	Notes	Full text available in Russian		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 709		Serial	576
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	Author	Kovalev A.K.
	Title	Markhor in the Ramit nature reserve, Tajikistan		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1990	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol.3.	Issue	Pages	247-248
	Keywords	Tajikistan; Khazratishok ridge; Darvaza ridge; markhor; number; nature conservation; zakaznik; Ramit nature reserve; captive breeding; prey species; snow leopard.; 7320; Russian
	Abstract	The marchor habitat in Tajikistan is fragmented. The animals are reproduced in enclosures of the Ramit nature reserve and released into wildlife in Khel canyon. Two females were killed by snow leopard.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR present and future.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 710		Serial	577
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	Author	Kovshar A.F.
	Title	About representativeness of terrain vertebrate fauna in the Aksu Jabagly nature reserve for the whole West Tien Shan region		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2001	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol.8.	Issue	Pages	97-99
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Aksu Jabagly nature reserve; mammals; endangered species; snow leopard.; 7380; Russian
	Abstract	Mammals inhabiting the Aksu Jabagly nature reserve make up 79.6 percent of the whole mammal fauna of the West Tien Shan. The following endangered species live in the area: argali, brown bear, dhole, Turkistan lynx, snow leopard, stone marten, porcupine, and free-toiled bat. Snow leopard deserves a special attention.
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	Corporate Author			Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Editor
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	Series Volume		Series Issue	Edition
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biological diversity of the West Tien Shan (the Kazakhstan part). Proceedings of the Aksu Jabagly state nature reserve.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 716		Serial	583
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	Author	Kovshar A.F.
	Title	Mammal – Mammalia		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1987	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	154
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; mammals; snow leopard.; 7410; Russian
	Abstract	In Kazakhstan 160 species of mammal are inhabited. The snow leopard is rare and poor known inhabitant of highly mountain regions of republic.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication	Editor
	Language		Summary Language	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	Abbreviated Series Title
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animals of Kazakhstan in photos.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 719		Serial	588
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