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	Author	Dustov J.
	Title	Evaluation of current status of large mammals in the Chatkal nature reserve			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2002	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	89-92
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Western Tien Shan; Chatkal nature reserve; distribution; number; snow leopard.; 6510; Russian
	Abstract	The counts of species populations such as Menzbier's marmot, roe-deer, ibex, wild boar, wolf, Tien Shan brown bear, and snow leopard has been made on permanent transects in the Chatkal reserve for 18 years. Data on of the population numbers is provided. 11 encounters with snow leopard were registered during a period of 1975 through 1979. Two encounters were recorded in 2000.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of the Western Tien Shan: protection and sustainable use.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 629			Serial	247
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	Author	Dyikanova, C.
	Title	A public awareness outreach programme on Snow Leopards for the Kyrgyz Republic, Final Report			Type	Report
	Year	2004	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-4
	Keywords	project; awareness; local; local people; people; staff; Base; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; conservation; ecology; threats; threat; Kyrgyzstan; regional; areas; area; public; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; Kyrgyz; Kyrgyz-Republic; republic; Report; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; community
	Abstract	The principle goal of the project was to raise awareness of local people, staff of frontier posts, customs and foreign military base on snow leopard, and its conservation. In the framework of the project the following steps were to be executed: A) To disseminate printing materials: a booklet, poster, card and calendar. b) To publish articles on snow leopard ecology and conservation issues and threats in Kyrgyzstan regional newspapers (Issyk-Kul, Osh, and Chui areas) C) To hold follow-up meeting with target groups D) To evaluate project results
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes	Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program. Community and Business Forum, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1066			Serial	248
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	Author	Egorov O.V.
	Title	Enemies, infections, parasites and mortality rate of ibex			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1955	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol. 42.	Issue		Pages	37-50
	Keywords	Ussr; ungulates; predators; snow leopard.; 6520; Russian
	Abstract	Reasons for ibex and argali mortality from natural enemies, parasites, infections, accidents, and hunters are analyzed. Snow leopard is one of the most dangerous enemies of ibex and argali, preying equally on both young and mature animals (mostly males). Snow leopard feeds upon ibex all year round. Unlike wolf, snow leopard would never kill several animals at a time, but only one selected victim. The food remains left by these predators are different in terms of the skull gnawing. Nasal bones and eye-sockets on the skull of ibex killed by snow leopard remain undamaged, while wolf gnaws off nasal part of the skull, breaks eye-sockets, eats lower jaw, widens occipital hole and pulls out brains. Snow leopard leaves large pieces of skin around the skeleton of the victim, whereas wolf tears it to shreds or eats up fully. Sometimes parts of the victim left by snow leopard are eaten by wolf. It is easy to mix the remains of snow leopard's or griffon vulture's food. The remains differ in skin being turned inside out rather than torn to large pieces.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of ZIN of the Academy of Science of the USSR.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 630			Serial	251
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	Author	Elkin K.F.
	Title	Predatory mammals in the Eastern Kazakhstan			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1979	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	34-36
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; carnivores; snow leopard.; 6530; Russian
	Abstract	There are 20 predatory mammal species in eastern Kazakhstan, three of which disappeared (tiger, dhole, raccoon), five are endangered (snow leopard, wild cat, manul, marbled polecat, and stone marten). Snow leopard is not met in the South Altai and Tarbagatai each year.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic fundamentals of protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 631			Serial	252
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	Author	Emanoil, M.
	Title	Snow leopard: Uncia (panthers) uncia			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1994	Publication	Encyclopedia of Endangered Species	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	205-206
	Keywords	endangered; endangered species; snow leopard; uncia
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IUCN, Gale Research Inc.	Place of Publication		Editor	Emanoil, M.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 963			Serial	253
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	Author	Encke, B.
	Title	Die sucht von schneeleoparden (Uncia uncia) im Krefelder Tierpark			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1967	Publication	Freunde des Kolner Zoo	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	9	Issue	Winter 1966/1967	Pages	145-146
	Keywords	snow leopard, captivity, Krefeld Zoo
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	German	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1244
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	Author	Encke, B.
	Title	The breeding of snow leopards (Uncia uncia) in the Krefeld Zoo			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1966	Publication	Freunde des Kolner Zoo	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	9	Issue	Winter 1966/1967	Pages	145-146
	Keywords	snow leopard, captivity, Krefeld Zoo, Germany
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Translated by K. Wittmeyer			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1243
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	Author	Epifanov V.M.
	Title	Fauna			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1968	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	29-33
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Western Tien Shan; Chatkal nature reserve; fishes; amphibians; reptiles; birds; mammals; snow leopard.; 6540; Russian
	Abstract	There are three fish species, two amphibian species, nine reptile, 97 bird species, and 23 mammal species, including snow leopard, in the Chatkal reserve. A list of animals and their brief description is provided.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: The land of pristine environment (Guidebook for the Chatkal nature reserve).			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 632			Serial	254
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	Author	Esipov A.V.
	Title	Ugam Chatkal State Nature Park			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2004	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	N1	Issue		Pages	46-47
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Ugam Chatkal Nature Park; mammals; endangered species; snow leopard; numerous species; ibex.; 6660; Russian
	Abstract	There are endangered species as bear, snow leopard and Menzbier's marmot recorded in Western Tien Shan mountains. Wild boar, Siberian ibex, roe deer, wolf, badger, porcupine and red fox are rather numerous species on this area.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecological News Journal.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 644			Serial	261
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	Author	Esipov A.V.
	Title	The 56th anniversary of the Chatkal reserve			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2003	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	15	Issue		Pages	15
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Chatkal nature reserve; fauna; rare species; snow leopard.; 6610; Russian
	Abstract	Being one of nine nature reserves in Uzbekistan, Chatkal was established in 1947. Its area changed its size and administrative jurisdiction. Foothills adjacent to the nature reserve were long ago inhabited and developed by people. In Middle Ages, the area of juniperous forest reduced considerably because of mining operations. There are rare mammal species in the nature reserve, such as snow leopard, bear, Menzbier's marmot, and six rare bird species
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Guliston Journal			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 639			Serial	256
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	Author	Esipov A.V.
	Title	Snow Leopard (Irbis)			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2003	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol. II. Animals.	Issue		Pages	218-219
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Red Data book; category of threat; number; distribution; threats; snow leopard.; 6650; Russian
	Abstract	Critically Endangered l (CR C2a(i); D), locally distributed western subspecies of Central Asian species. It occurs in Western Tien Shan and Western Pamir Alay. It inhabits middle and high belts of the mountains. It prefers watersheds and rocky talus slopes. It never was numerous; last decades the numbers have been decreasing. In 1980's-1990's in Hissar nature reserve 5-11 individuals were counted, in 1970's-1980's in Chatkal nature reserve the 1-3 specimens were observed. Perhaps, total number is 20-30 individuals. The threats are development of high mountain pastures, decreasing of prey numbers, human persecution and poaching. Included in the IUCN Red List [EN] and in Appendix I of CITES.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red Data Book of Republic of Uzbekistan.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 643			Serial	259
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	Author	Esipov A.V.
	Title	Distribution and Numbers of the Siberian Ibex in the Hissar Nature Reserve, Uzbekistan			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2002	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	76-78
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Hisssar nature reserve; wild ibex; distribution; number; predators; snow leopard.; 6640; Russian
	Abstract	It describes distribution and number of ibex in four parts of the Hissar nature reserve in Uzbekistan. The total number of ibex is estimated to be 1,500 animals. The natural enemies of ibex are snow leopard, wolf, and lynx. Data about ibex's food, seasonal migrations, and threats are given. Decreasing forage reserve and poaching are considered as the most serious threats. A buffer zone is suggested to be established in the areas adjacent to Tajikistan and the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Necessity of nature protection in South Uzbekistan.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 642			Serial	258
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	Author	Esipov A.V.
	Title	Current state of snow leopard and its main preys in Hissar nature reserve			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2000	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	61-67
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Hissar nature reserve; number; distribution; threats; snow leopard; Siberian ibex; long-tailed marmot.; 6630; Russian
	Abstract	An expert evaluation of the numbers of snow leopard and its preys, Siberian ibex and long-tailed marmot, was made on the basis of surveys conducted in Hissar nature reserve in 1999. The total number of the snow leopard is estimated at 12-16 individuals, whereas that of the Siberian ibex at 1000 individuals. An average density of the population of the long tailed marmot ranges at 4,8 individuals per ha. The ratio of the numbers between the snow leopard, Siberian ibex and long tailed marmot is 1:68:450. The major threats for the snow leopard are poaching on the borders of the nature reserve, a decrease in of preys, shrinking of the range in areas adjoining the nature reserve as a result of intensification of industrial activities and disturbing factors. For the Siberian ibex and long tailed marmot the major limiting factors are the shrinking of the areas and deterioration of the forage value of the high-mountain pastures, as well as the direct competition for forage with domestic animals at the sites adjoining the territory of the nature, as well as disturbing factors.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Conservation of biodiversity in strictly protected territories of Uzbekistan.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 641			Serial	257
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	Author	Esipov A.V.
	Title	Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Uzbekistan			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1995	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	48-49
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Hissar nature reserve; number; distribution; threats; conservation measures; snow leopard; 6600; Russian
	Abstract	There are two isolated snow leopard populations in Uzbekistan, both of which are located along the fringe of the species' distribution. These groups are the Pamir-Alai and the Tien-Shan, of which are united to snow leopard range in neighboring Tadjikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Apart from animals inhabiting the Hissar Nature Reserve, the Pamir-Alai population consists of animals inhabiting the upper portion of the Tupalang River basin and the mountains around Baisuntau. This population is currently estimated at about 30 individuals, from which as many as 10 individuals are reported to be killed or captured annually. However, we suspect the loss rate is more like five to eight individuals, with the entire Pamir-Alai group in Uzbekistan numbering 22 – 25 animals. The Tien-Shan snow leopard sub-population group of Uzbekistan occupies the high-mountain portions of practically all of the large ridges in the area, including Chatkal, Pskem, Ugam and Talass Alatau. The number of snow leopards harvested from this sub-population appears to be five or seven individuals, with the total number placed at 27-32 individuals. The major factors restricting snow leopard numbers in Uzbekistan appears to be poaching of both snow leopard and its large prey species like ibex, as well as disturbance associated with the intensive development of the alpine lands for pasturing livestock. In order to preserve the snow leopard in Uzbekistan it will be necessary to control and eliminate poaching. Additional habitat could be provided by expanding the Chatkal Nature Reserve by adding lands in the Shavassai River basin as well as Akbulak River basin.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of 8th International Snow Leopard Symposium Islamabad			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 638			Serial	255
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	Author	Esipov V.M.
	Title	Chatkal biosphere nature reserve. Buffer zones needed badly			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1990	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol.1.	Issue		Pages	294-296
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Western Tien Shan; Chatkal nature reserve; fauna; snow leopard; poaching; human influence; protection.; 6590; Russian
	Abstract	Briefly presented is history of the Chatkal nature reserve's establishment, protected flora and fauna, and intense economic activity impact on wildlife of the protected area.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 637			Serial	266
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	Author	Esipov V.M.
	Title	The status and perspective protection and rehabilitation of natural ecosystems in the Chatkal state biosphere nature reserve under the State Committee for Agriculture and Industry of the USSR			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1986	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	15-17
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Chatkal nature reserve; establishment; conservation regime; Animals; snow leopard.; 6580; Russian
	Abstract	The area of the Chatkal nature reserve reduced as part of its territory (a land plot in the Shavasay river basin) was assigned to a military game preserve. As regime of protection worsened, number of animals such as Menzbier's marmot, snow leopard, ibex, snow cock, and black stork began to reduce.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Geographical problems of wildlife protection development.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 636			Serial	265
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	Author	Esipov V.M.
	Title	Chatkal mountain-forest nature reserve			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1979	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	64-68
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Chatkal nature reserve; establishment; flora; fauna; researching; rare species; snow leopard.; 6570; Russian
	Abstract	It described history of the Chatkal nature, flora and fauna, scientific and conservation activities. Snow leopard, brown bear, Menzbier's marmot, golden eagle, snake-eagle and lammergeyer inhabited in nature reserve. These species included in Red data book.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Hunter and fisherman of Uzbekistan.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 635			Serial	264
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	Author	Esipov V.M.
	Title	The nature reserve in the spurs of Tien Shan			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1978	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol.8.	Issue		Pages	8
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Chatkal nature reserve; location; Animals; snow leopard.; 6560; Russian
	Abstract	The Chatkal state mountain forest nature reserve is located in western spurs of the Chatkal ridge. The permanent inhabitants of the nature reserve are ibex, wild boar, roe-deer, bear, badger, porcupine, stone marten, fox, ermine, Menzbier's marmot, and relict suslik (gopher), and bird species such as gray partridge, snow-cock, black vulture, griffon vulture, etc. Under special protection are rare animal and bird species such as snow leopard, Menzbier's marmot, bearded vulture, golden eagle, etc.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Journal `Soviet Uzbekistan Today'			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 634			Serial	263
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	Author	Esipov V.M.
	Title	Chatkal nature reserve			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1969	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	486-494
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Western Tien Shan; Chatkal nature reserve; establishment; soil; climate; physiographic factors; altitude zones; flora; fauna; snow leopard.; 6550; Russian
	Abstract	Presented is history of the Chatkal nature reserve's establishment, physic and geographic description, types of soils, climate, altitude zones, flora and fauna, historical monuments. Snow leopard is quiet rare species in nature reserve. Last years irbis's tracks and voice have been recorded in highly mountain sites of Maidantal part of Chatkal nature reserve.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 633			Serial	262
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	Author	Espinosa-Aviles, D.; Taylor, M.L.; Del Rocio Reyes-Montes, M.; Pe'rez-Torrez, A.
	Title	Molecular findings of disseminated histoplasmosis in two captive snow leopards (Uncia uncia)			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2008	Publication	Journal-of-Zoo-and-Wildlife-Medicine	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	39	Issue		Pages	450-454
	Keywords	captive; histoplasmosis; Immunohistochemistry; Molecular; snow leopard; Uncia uncia
	Abstract	This paper reports two cases of disseminated histoplasmosis in captive snow leopards (Uncia uncia). Histoplasmosis was diagnosed based on histopathology, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and molecular findings.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 907			Serial	268
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	Author	Esson, C. , Skerratt, L. F. , Berger, L. , Malmsten, J., Strand, T. , Lundkvist, A., Järhult, J. D., Michaux, J., Mijiddorj, T. N., , Bayrakçısmith, R., Mishra, C., Johansson, O
	Title	Health and zoonotic Infections of snow leopards Panthera unica in the South Gobi desert of Mongolia			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Infection Ecology & Epidemiology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	9	Issue	1604063	Pages	1-11
	Keywords	Snow leopard; zoonoses; conservation; one health; Mongolia; ticks
	Abstract	Background: Snow leopards, Panthera uncia, are a threatened apex predator, scattered across the mountains of Central and South Asia. Disease threats to wild snow leopards have not been investigated. Methods and Results: Between 2008 and 2015, twenty snow leopards in the South Gobi desert of Mongolia were captured and immobilised for health screening and radio-collaring. Blood samples and external parasites were collected for pathogen analyses using enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), microscopic agglutination test (MAT), and next- generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. The animals showed no clinical signs of disease, however, serum antibodies to significant zoonotic pathogens were detected. These patho- gens included, Coxiella burnetii, (25% prevalence), Leptospira spp., (20%), and Toxoplasma gondii (20%). Ticks collected from snow leopards contained potentially zoonotic bacteria from the genera Bacillus, Bacteroides, Campylobacter, Coxiella, Rickettsia, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. Conclusions: The zoonotic pathogens identified in this study, in the short-term did not appear to cause illness in the snow leopards, but have caused illness in other wild felids. Therefore, surveillance for pathogens should be implemented to monitor for potential longer- term disease impacts on this snow leopard population.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1625
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	Author	Farrington, J.
	Title	A Report on Protected Areas, Biodiversity, and Conservation in the Kyrgyzstan Tian Shan with Brief Notes on the Kyrgyzstan Pamir-Alai and the Tian Shan Mountains of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and China			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2005	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-276
	Keywords	Report; protected; protected areas; protected area; protected-areas; protected-area; areas; area; biodiversity; conservation; Kyrgyzstan; Tian; Tian-Shan; shan; Pamir-Alai; mountains; mountain; Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; China; environmental; study; former; soviet; central; Central Asia; asia; land; Forest; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; Chinese; range; republic; wildlife; International; research; land-use; land use; recent; inner; project; ecological; Middle; Middle Asia; Organization; awareness; region; preserve; species; ecosystems; ecosystem; potential; community; Biodiversity conservation; Xinjiang; information; Kyrgyz; Kyrgyz-Republic; protection; flora; fauna; mammals; birds; reptiles; amphibians; endemic; plants; plant; history; Southern; survey; protect; river; heart
	Abstract	Kyrgyzstan is a land of towering mountains, glaciers, rushing streams, wildflowercovered meadows, forests, snow leopards, soaring eagles, and yurt-dwelling nomads. The entire nation lies astride the Tian Shan1, Chinese for “Heavenly Mountains”, one of the world's highest mountain ranges, which is 7439 m (24,400 ft) in elevation at its highest point. The nation is the second smallest of the former Soviet Central Asian republics. In spite of Kyrgyzstan's diverse wildlife and stunning natural beauty, the nation remains little known, and, as yet, still on the frontier of international conservation efforts. The following report is the product of 12 months of research into the state of conservation and land-use in Kyrgyzstan. This effort was funded by the Fulbright Commission of the U.S. State Department, and represents the most recent findings of the author's personal environmental journey through Inner Asia, which began in 1999. When I first started my preliminary research for this project, I was extremely surprised to learn that, even though the Tian Shan Range has tremendous ecological significance for conservation efforts in middle Asia, there wasn't a single major international conservation organization with an office in the former Soviet Central Asian republics. Even more surprising was how little awareness there is of conservation issues in the Tian Shan region amongst conservation workers in neighboring areas who are attempting to preserve similar species assemblages and ecosystems to those found in the Tian Shan. Given this lack of awareness, and the great potential for the international community to make a positive contribution towards improving the current state of biodiversity conservation in Kyrgyzstan and Central Asia, I have summarized my findings on protected areas and conservation in Kyrgyzstan and the Tian Shan of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Xinjiang in the chapters below. The report begins with some brief background information on geography and society in the Kyrgyz Republic, followed by an overview of biodiversity and the state of conservation in the nation, which at the present time closely parallels the state of conservation in the other former Soviet Central Asian republics. Part IV of the report provides a catalog of all major protected areas in Kyrgyzstan and the other Tian Shan nations, followed by a list of sites in Kyrgyzstan that are as yet unprotected but merit protection. In the appendices the reader will find fairly comprehensive species lists of flora and fauna found in the Kyrgyz Republic, including lists of mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians, trees and shrubs, wildflowers, and endemic plants. In addition, a draft paper on the history and current practice of pastoral nomadism in Kyrgyzstan has been included in Appendix A. While the research emphasis for this study was on eastern Kyrgyzstan, over the course of the study the author did have the opportunity to make brief journeys to southern Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Xinjiang. While falling short of being a definitive survey of protected areas of the Tian Shan, the informational review which follows is the first attempt at bringing the details of conservation efforts throughout the entire Tian Shan Range together in one place. It is hoped that this summary of biodiversity and conservation in the Tian Shan will generate interest in the region amongst conservationists, and help increase efforts to protect this surprisingly unknown range that forms an island of meadows, rivers, lakes, and forests in the arid heart of Asia.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Kyrgyzstan	Editor
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	Notes	Fulbright Fellow – Environmental Studies, Kyrgyzstan, Former Soviet Central Asia 2003-2004			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1060			Serial	269
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	Author	Fedosenko A.K.
	Title	Relationship between the predators and wild ungulates in North Tien Shan and Jungar Alatau			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1979	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	72-74
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; predators-preys relationship; snow leopard; preys.; 6670; Russian
	Abstract	Ibex is a main prey for snow leopards. The role of marmots and snow cocks in snow leopard's consumption is negligent. It can prey on morals in the fir-wood. A case of snow leopard's attacking a dog is also known.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic fundamentals of protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 645			Serial	270
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	Author	Feng, X., Peng, Q., Chen, Y., Li, W.
	Title	A Case Study of the Snow Leopard in Sanjiangyuan National Park Boundaries regarding Park Boundary Divergence			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2022	Publication	Land	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11	Issue	813	Pages	1-15
	Keywords	boundary divergence; national park; global warming; snow leopard; Sanjiangyuan National Park
	Abstract	This paper uses remote sensing data from the Sanjiangyuan National Park (SNP) to explore the divergence between the boundaries of national parks and the distribution of natural habitats. Results are used to argue that these discrepancies evolve along with the potential impact of global warming. Using the example of the habitat change of snow leopards and the conflicts between local people and snow leopards, we reflect on the consequences of this divergence. Results show that divergence between the political boundaries and natural habitats as well as the consequent influence on the living conditions of local people are strikingly visible, and the effects of global warming on such conflicts are apparent. The authors conclude that both notions of ‘political boundaries’ and ‘natural habitats’ are expected to come together as the SNP region is spatially configured, while ‘global warming’ seems to be relevant as an essential reference when delimiting the region in the future. Finally, the proposal for the establishment of cooperative conservation areas is presented, emphasizing the role of cooperative governance in/around national parks.
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1687
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	Author	Ferguson, D.A.
	Title	International Cooperation for Snow Leopard and Biodiversity Conservation: The Government Perspective			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1997	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	178-193
	Keywords	snow leopard; biodiversity; management; development; India; Pakistan; conservation; hunting; poaching; hunter; pelt; skin; fur; coat; livestock; habitat; herder; herders; Ussr; park; parks; reserves; reserve; refuge; Slims; field study; survey; surveys; transects; transect; Khunjerab; protected area; browse; U.S.S.R.; 2990
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Lahore, Pakistan	Editor	R.Jackson; A.Ahmad
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes	full text available at URL Title, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 210			Serial	274
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