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| Author | Jalanka, H.H. | ||||
| Title | Evaluation and comparison of 2 ketamine-based immobilization techniques in snow leopards (Panthera uncia) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1989 | Publication | Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 20 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 163-169 |
| Keywords | ketamine; immobilization; capture; veterinary; zoo; zoos; medicine; medical; browse; 1530 | ||||
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| Notes | Addresses:JALANKA HH, HELSINKI ZOO,SF-00570 HELSINKI,FINLAND Publisher:AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS, MEDIA Document Type: English | Approved  |
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| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 148 | Serial | 485 | ||
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| Author | Jalanka, H.H.; Roeken, B. | ||||
| Title | The use of Medetomidine, Medetomidine-Ketamine combinations, and Atipamezole in nondomestic mammals: A review | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1990 | Publication | Journal-of-Zoo-and-Wildlife-Medicine | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 259-282 |
| Keywords | use; medetomidine; atipamezole; mammals | ||||
| Abstract | The recent development of potent and specifica lphar-adrenoceptoar gonistsa nd antagonists has enhanced their use in nondomestic animal immobilization and reversal. Medetomidine, a new potent alphar-agonist, in combination with the dissociative anesthetic ketamine, has been used to immobilize a variety of nondomestic mammals. Medetomidine alone induces sedation in a dose-dependent way, and complete immobilization has been achieved with high doses in semidomesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and blue foxes (Alopex lagopus). Howbver, we feel that ketamine should be added to the immobilization mixture to ensure complete immobilization and operator safety. In ketamine combinations, medetomidine doses are usually 60-100 pg/kg. The required ketamine doses are remarkably low:0.8-1.6 mglkg in most ruminants,2.5-3.0 mgUgin felids,u rsids,a nd canids,a nd 5.G-8.0m glkgi n primates,w olverines(Gulog ulo),ando therm uitelids. Clinically, the resulting immobilization is characterized by a smooth onset, good to excellent myorelaxation, and areflexia at higher doses. Determinations of hematologic, serum biochemicil, arterial blood gas,a nd acid-bases tatusp arametersi ndicate that the immobilization is physiologically sound. We have had no fatalities attributable to the immobilization mixture ( I ,240 immobilizations). The alphar-adrenoceptora ntagonist,a tipamezole,i s highly efective in reversingt he immobilization induced by medetomidine, medetomidine-ketamine combinations, or xylazine. In ruminants, the medetomidine-ketamine-induced immobilization can be rapidly and persistently reversed by administering 100-l 50 1rg/kg of alipamezole i.v. and the rest s.c., adjusting the total atipamezole dose to an atipamezole: medetomidine ratio of approximately 4-5 (w/w). Becauseth e required ketamine doses are relatively high in carnivores, we prefer to use a lower atipamezole dose (totil atipamezoie: medetomidine ratio approximately 2-3 w/w) and to administer it i.m. or s.c. Using thii regimen, reversals are calm and animals show minimal “residual ketamine effect.” Because atipamezole is a competitive antagonist, its dose should be reduced if it is administered late in the immobilization period when a large part of medetomidine has been endogenously metabolized. Xylazine-induced immobilization is rapidly reversed by I mg of atipamezole for every 8-12 mg of xylazine used. | ||||
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| Publisher | American Association of Zoo Veterinarians | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1081 | Serial | 486 | ||
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| Author | Jalanka, H.H. | ||||
| Title | Medetomidine, medetomidine-ketamine combinations and atipamezole in nondomestic mammals: A clinical, physiological and comparative study | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1991 | Publication | Dep.Clinical Sciences, Coll.Veterinary Med., Helsinki, Finland | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | taxonomy; phylogeny; Panthera-uncia; tranquilizers; zoo-management; physiology; veterinary; medical; medicine; zoo; zoos; browse; panthera; uncia; zoo management; management; 1460 | ||||
| Abstract | Hibiscus section Furcaria is composed of over 400 species. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) and rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa) belong to this section. Both species are important fiber crops. The survey reported in this book was undertaken in order to find new sources of genetic diversity collect, save, and distribute germ plasm. The work contains a taxonomic key of section Furcaria in southern Africa, 8 species, a description of the species illustrated by line-drawings, and distribution maps. (Also discussed are; H. mechowii, H. meeusei, H. surattensis, H. acetosella, H. torrei, H. mastersianus, H. hiernianus, H. altissimus, H. diversifolius sub sp. rivularis.) | ||||
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| Notes | BK: Jalanka, H. H. Medetomidine, medetomidine-ketamine combinations and atipamezole in nondomestic mammals: A clinical, physiological and comparative study. 282p Document Type: English. | Approved |
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| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 177 | Serial | 487 | ||
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| Author | Janecka; J.E.; Jackson, R.; Yuquang, Z.; Diqiang, L.; Munkhtsog, B.; Buckley-Beason, V.; Murphy, W.J. | ||||
| Title | Population monitoring of snow leopards using noninvasive collection of scat samples: a pilot study | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Animal Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 11 | Issue | Pages | 401-411 | |
| Keywords | snow leopard; genetics; scat; noninvasive; survey. | ||||
| Abstract | The endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia occurs in rugged, high-altitude regions of Central Asia. However, information on the status of this felid is limited in many areas. We conducted a pilot study to optimize molecular markers for the analysis of snow leopard scat samples and to examine the feasibility of using noninvasive genetic methods for monitoring this felid. We designed snow leopard-specific primers for seven microsatellite loci that amplified shorter segments and avoided flanking sequences shared with repetitive elements. By redesigning primers we maximized genotyping success and minimized genotyping errors. In addition, we tested a Y chromosome-marker for sex identification and designed a panel of mitochondrial DNA primers for examining genetic diversity of snow leopards using scat samples. We collected scats believed to be from snow leopards in three separate geographic regions including north-western India, central China and southern Mongolia. We observed snow leopard scats in all three sites despite only brief 2-day surveys in each area. There was a high rate of species misidentification in the field with up to 54% of snow leopard scats misidentified as red fox. The high rate of field misidentification suggests sign surveys incorporating scat likely overestimate snow leopard abundance. The highest ratio of snow leopard scats was observed in Ladakh (India) and South Gobi (Mongolia), where four and five snow leopards were detected, respectively. Our findings describe a species-specific molecular panel for analysis of snow leopard scats, and highlight the efficacy of noninvasive genetic surveys for monitoring snow leopards. These methods enable large-scale noninvasive studies that will provide information critical for conservation of snow leopards. | ||||
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| Notes | Supplemental information may be found at http:snowleopardnetwork.org/bibliography/JaneckaSupplemental2008.pdf | Approved |
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| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 883 | Serial | 488 | ||
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| Author | Janovsky, M.; Grone, A.; Ciardo, D.; Vollm, J.; Burnens, A.; Fatzer, R.; Bacciarini, L.N. | ||||
| Title | Phaeohyphomycosis in a Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) due to Cladophialophora bantiana | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Pathology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 134 | Issue | Pages | 245-248 | |
| Keywords | Cladophialophora bantiana; fungal infection; phaeohyphomycosis; snow leopard; spinal meningitis; Uncia uncia | ||||
| Abstract | Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladophialophora bantiana was diagnosed in a 5-month-old snow leopard with spastic paralysis of the hind legs and inability to defaecate or urinate. At post-mortem examination, a greenish soft mass resembling an abscess was found on one side of the epidural space at the fourth lumbar vertebral body. Histological examination revealed a purulent meningitis with myelomalacia. Dematiaceous fungal hyphae, present within the inflammatory infiltrate, were identified as C. bantiana by culture and sequence analysis of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene. This neurotropic fungus rarely affects organs other than the brain in human beings and cats, and has been reported only occasionally in Europe. The case described suggests that phaeohyphomycosis due to C. bantiana infection may be recognized more frequently in the future and the possible involvement of organs other than the brain should be borne in mind. | ||||
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| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 891 | Serial | 489 | ||
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| Author | Janyspaev A.D. | ||||
| Title | The area and numbers of Snow Leopard in the central part of Zailiysky Alatau | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | N 1-4. | Issue | Pages | 208-212 | |
| Keywords | Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; snow leopard; ibex; roe deer; poachers; number increasing.; 7000; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | This article summarizes the information about snow leopard and it's preys in Almaty nature reserve and neighboring areas since 1979 year. Some increasing of irbis number is recognized last 20 years. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Selevinia. The zoological journal of Kazakhstan. | Approved |
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| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 678 | Serial | 490 | ||
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| Author | Jegal, A.; Kashkarov, E.; Matyushkin E.N. | ||||
| Title | Simple method to distinguish tracks of snow leopard and lynx | Type | Manuscript | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | tracks; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; Lynx; gobi; Altai; mountain; range; mountains; region; distribution; Case; local; hunters; hunter; Animals; Animal | ||||
| Abstract | In the Mongolian and Gobi Altai mountain ranges and also in some other mountains in this region, the distribution of the snow leopard and Eurasian lynx overlaps. In some cases, local hunters cannot distinguish the tracks of both these animals. Therefore we outline a simple method to distinguish tracks of the snow leopard and lynx. |
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| Notes | Two English translations of article are provided. | Approved |
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| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1101 | Serial | 491 | ||
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| Author | Jiang, Z.; Diqiang; Wang, Z. | ||||
| Title | Population declines of Przewalski's gazelle around Qinghai Lake, China | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 34 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 129-135 |
| Keywords | China; conservation; gazelle; Procapra przewalski; threatened species; 5160 | ||||
| Abstract | Przewalski's gazelle Procapra przewalskii is endemic to China and is classified as Critically Endangered by IUCN-The World Conservation Union. Historically, the species occurred in parts of the provinces of Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and Qinghai but now appears to be restricted to three populations around Qinghai Lake. These three populations-Bird Island, Hudong-Ketu and Yuanzhe-have all declined since 1988. The populations have been monitored since 1994 and the smallest, on Bird Island, appears to be on the brink of extinction, with only seven individuals being recorded in 1998. In the same year, the Hudong- Ketu population comprised 56 individuals (29.4 per cent males, 50 per cent females and 21 per cent juveniles) and the Yuanzhe population 51 individuals (29.4 per cent males, 43.1 per cent females and 27.5 per cent juveniles). The causes of the declines vary for each population but include loss of habitat as a result of desertification, poaching and, possibly, wolf predation. Human activity and high juvenile mortality are major threats to the continued survival of the gazelle. Conservation measures proposed are: (i) the establishment of a special reserve for Przewalski's gazelle; (ii) a study of the wolf-gazelle relationship and control of the number of wolves if necessary; (iii) a search for remnant populations of Przewalski's gazelle in other regions in their historical range and the identification of suitable sites for translocation and establishment of new populations. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available at URLDocument Type: English | Approved |
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| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 501 | Serial | 492 | ||
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| Author | Jiang, Z. | ||||
| Title | Snow leopards in the Dulan International Hunting Ground, Qinghai, China | Type | Report | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-8 | ||
| Keywords | snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; International; hunting; Qinghai; China; project; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; surveys; survey; mountains; mountain; province; transect; study; area; transects; pug; pug marks; pug-marks; marks; scrapes; scrape; density; densities; wild; ungulates; ungulate; region; camera; environment; photo; capture; population; population size; population-size; Animals; Animal; 20; livestock; Human; attitudes; attitude; tibetan; 30; nature; reserve; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; species; snow line; snow-line; endemic; alpine; central; Central Asia; asia; countries; country; fox; range; areas; Xinjiang; inner; Inner-Mongolia; Mongolia; Tibet; gansu; Sichuan; habitat; protection; nature reserves; reserves; cat; populations; domestic; laws; law; field; field surveys; field survey; field-surveys; field-survey; Kunlun; distribution; survival; status; Data; conservation | ||||
| Abstract | From March to May, 2006œªwe conducted extensive snow leopard surveys in the Burhanbuda Mountain Kunlun Mountains, Qinghai Province, China. 32 linear transect of 5~15 km each, which running through each vegetation type, were surveyed within the study area. A total of 72 traces of snow leopard were found along 4 transects (12.5% of total transects). The traces included pug marks or footprints, scrapes and urine marks. We estimated the average density of wild ungulates in the region was 2.88ñ0.35 individuals km-2(n=29). We emplaced 16 auto2 trigger cameras in different environments and eight photos of snow leopard were shot by four cameras and the capture rate of snow leopard was 71.4%. The minimum snow leopard population size in the Burhanbuda Mountain was two, because two snow leopards were phototrapped by different cameras at almost same time. Simultaneously, the cameras also shot 63 photos of other wild animals, including five photos are unidentified wild animals, and 20 photos of livestock. We evaluated the human attitudes towards snow leopard by interviewing with 27 Tibetan householders of 30 householders live in the study area. We propose to establish a nature reserve for protecting and managing snow leopards in the region. Snow leopard (Uncia uncia) is considered as a unique species because it lives above the snow line, it is endemic to alpines in Central Asia, inhabiting in 12 countries across Central Asia (Fox, 1992). Snow leopard ranges in alpine areas in Qinghai, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet, Gansu and Sichuan in western China (Liao, 1985, 1986; Zhou, 1987; Ma et al., 2002; Jiang & Xu, 2006). The total population and habitat of snow leopards in China are estimated to be 2,000~2,500 individuals and 1,824,316 km2, only 5% of which is under the protection of nature reserves. The cat's current range is fragmented (Zou & Zheng, 2003). Due to strong human persecutions, populations of snow leopards decreased significantly since the end of the 20th century. Thus, the snow leopards are under the protection of international and domestic laws. From March to May, 2006, we conducted two field surveys in Zhiyu Village, Dulan County in Burhanbuda Mountain, Kunlun Mountains, China to determine the population, distribution and survival status of snow leopards in the area. The aim of the study was to provide ecologic data for snow leopard conservation. |
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| Notes | Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program. | Approved |
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| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1068 | Serial | 493 | ||
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| Author | Jianzhang, M.; Hongfei, Z.; Cheng, K. | ||||
| Title | The Distribution Status of Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) in China | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | snow; leopard; habitat; distribution; study; methods; conservation; uncia; China; 5120 | ||||
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Islt | Editor | |
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| Notes | Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA | Approved |
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| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 498 | Serial | 494 | ||
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