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Author Pokrovskiy V.S. url 
  Title Special protected areas (zakazniks) in areas of existence of rare and especially useful species of animals Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1967 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 132-135  
  Keywords Ussr; protected areas; snow leopard.; 7960; Russian  
  Abstract (down) The description of nature reserves of USSR is given. The key species living within these reserves are specified. The snow leopard is recorded for zakaznik located in Koksu River upper, Kazakhstan.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Remarkable natural landscapes of the USSR and their protection. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 774 Serial 782  
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Author Wingard, J.R.; Zahler, P. url 
  Title Silent Steppe: The Illegal Wildlife Trade Crisis in Mongolia Type Report
  Year 2006 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-170  
  Keywords steppe; illegal; wildlife; trade; Mongolia; study; threat; populations; population; areas; area; fur; fur trade; fur-trade; game; meat; hunting; Chain; impact; biodiversity; Biodiversity conservation; conservation; rural; livelihood; Wildlife-Management; management; survey; survey methods; methods; history; action; International; enforcement; domestic; community-based; approach  
  Abstract (down) The current study in Mongolia is truly groundbreaking, in that it shows that the problem of commercial wildlife trade is also vast, unsustainable, and a major threat to wildlife populations in other areas. This paper's Executive Summary briefs the topics of wildlife trade in Mongolia, fur trade, medicinal trade, game meat trade, trophy and sport hunting, trade chains and markets, trade sustainability, impacts of wildlife trade on biodiversity conservation, impacts of trade on rural livelihoods, enabling wildlife management, and management recommendations. The main content of the paper includes: wildlife trade survey methods, a history of wildlife trade in Mongolia, wildlife take and trade today, enabling wildlife management, and recommendations and priority actions. The recommendations have been divided into six separate sections, including (1) cross-cutting recommendations, (2) international trade enforcement, (3) domestic trade enforcement, (4) hunting management, (5) trophy and sport hunting management, and (6) community-based approaches. Each section identifies short-term, long-term, and regulatory goals in order of priority within each subsection.  
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  Publisher World Bank Place of Publication Washington, D.C. Editor East Asia and Pacific Environment and Social Development Department  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Mongolian version. English language translation is also available in the SLN bibliography. Mongolia Discussion Papers. East Asia and Pacific Environment and Social Development Department. Washington D.C.: World Bank. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1079 Serial 1026  
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Author Parker, B. G., Khanyari, M., Ambarli, H., Buuveibaatar, B., Kabir, M., Khanal, G., Mirzadeh, H. R., Onon, Y., Farhadinia, M. S. pdf 
  Title A review of the ecological and socioeconomic characteristics of trophy hunting across Asia Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Animal Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-16  
  Keywords Asia; conservation spending; communities; other effective area-based conservation measures (OECM); revenue sharing; trophy hunting; socioeconomics.  
  Abstract (down) The continuing debates about trophy hunting should be underpinned by an understanding of at least the basic characteristics of the practice (e.g. species, quotas, areas, prices). Whilst many countries in Asia have established trophy hunting programmes of considerable importance to conservation and local livelihoods, there remains some ambiguity over the extent of trophy hunting in Asia as its basic characteristics in each country have not been compiled. In this study, we compile information on various ecological and socioeconomic characteristics of trophy hunting of mammals for countries across Asia by reviewing published and unpublished literature, analysing trade data, and obtaining contributions from in-country contacts. Across Asia, established trophy hunting programmes exist in at least 11 countries and target at least 30 species and one hybrid (incl., five Vulnerable and one Endangered species). Trophy hunting in these countries varies markedly in areas (e.g. >1 million km2 in Kazakhstan, 37% of country, vs. 1325 km2 in Nepal, <1% of country) and annual offtakes (e.g. Kazakhstan: 4500 individuals from 4 of 5 trophy species; Pakistan: 229 from 4 of 7; Mongolia: 155 from 6 of 9; Tajikistan: 126 from 3 of 6; Nepal: 22 from 3 of the 4 that are trophy hunted in practice). Permit prices also vary across species and countries, with domestic and international hunters sometimes charged different rates. Hunters from the USA appear overwhelmingly prominent among international clients. National legislations typically mandate a proportion of trophy hunting revenue to accrue locally (range: 40–100%). We provide five key recommendations for research to inform trophy hunting policy in Asia: (1) Ecological impact assessments; (2) Socioeconomic impact assessments; (3) Evaluations of the contributions of trophy hunting to conservation spending; (4) Evaluations of the contributions of trophy hunting to the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework; (5) Further examinations of perceptions of trophy hunting.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1714  
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Author Sharkey, W., Milner-Gulland, E. J., Sinovas, P., Keane, A. pdf 
  Title A framework for understanding the contributions of local residents to protected area law enforcement Type Journal Article
  Year 2024 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-13  
  Keywords Community engagement, framework, law enforcement, monitoring, participation, protected areas, rule-breaking  
  Abstract (down) Terrestrial and marine protected areas have long been championed as an approach to biodiversity conservation. For protected areas to be effective, equitable and inclusive, the involvement of local residents in their management and governance is considered important. Globally, there are many approaches to involving local residents in protected area law enforcement. However, opportunities for comparing different approaches have been limited by the lack of a clear common framework for analysis. To support a more holistic understanding, we present a framework for analysing the contributions of local residents to protected area law enforcement. Informed by a review of the literature and discussions with conservation practitioners, the framework comprises five key dimensions: (1) the different points in the enforcement system at which local residents are involved, (2) the nature of local participation in decision-making, (3) the type of external support provided to local residents, (4) the different motivating forces for participation, and (5) the extent to which local participation is formalized. We apply the framework to three real-world case studies to demonstrate its use in analysing and comparing the characteristics of different approaches. We suggest this framework could be used to examine variation in local participation within the enforcement system, inform evaluation and frame constructive discussions between relevant stakeholders. With the global coverage of protected areas likely to increase, the framework provides a foundation for better understanding the contributions of local residents to protected area law enforcement.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1746  
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Author Cunha, S.F. url 
  Title Summits, snow leopards, farmers, and fighters: Will politics prevent a national park in the high Pamirs of Tajikistan? Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Focus; New York Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 17-22  
  Keywords Tajikistan; Russia; Pamir; park; refuge; reserve; herders; poaching; livestock; herder; siberia; parks; protected-areas; reserves; browse; protected; area; areas; 1160  
  Abstract (down) Tajikistan is the smallest, poorest and one of the most culturally diverse of the former Soviet Republics. The physical and cultural geography of the Pamir Mountains in Tajikistan are described, and recent legislative action taken to create a proposed park and civil strife that may stop the park's creation are discussed.  
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  Notes Article is only partly legible. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 255 Serial 228  
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Author Shafiq, M.M.; Abid, A. url 
  Title Status of large mammal species in Khunjerab National Park Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Pakistan Journal of Forestry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 48 Issue 1-4 Pages 91-96  
  Keywords Khunjerab-National-Park; large-mammals; endangered species; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; wolf; fox; ibex; sheep; bear; prey; predator; protected-area; Khunjerab; browse; national; park; large; mammals; endangered; species; uncia; protected; 560  
  Abstract (down) Study on the current status of large mammals species population was carried out in Khunjerab National Park, Northern Areas. The observation recorded showed that the population of Tibetan Red fox (Vulpes vulpes montana), Snow leopard (Uncia uncia), and Wolf (Canis lupus) have, though a bit, increased but are still in the rank of “Endangered”. While the population of Himalyan Ibex (Cpara ibex sibirica) is increasing more rapidly and their status is now “Common” in the Park. The limited population of Marcopolo sheep (Ovis ammon polii), Tibetan wild Ass (Equus hemionus kiang) and Brown bear (Urus arctos) is still under threat, and comes them under “Critical Endangered” category.  
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  Notes Document Type: English Call Number: 634.909547 PA Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 342 Serial 879  
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Author Ahmad, A. url 
  Title Protection of Snow Leopards through Grazier Communities:Some Examples from WWF-Pakistan's Projects in the Northern Areas Type Conference Article
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 265-272  
  Keywords conservation; Pakistan; Wwf; world-wildlife-fund; livestock; herders; herder; status; parks; park; reserve; refuge; protected-area; Dir; chitral; predator; prey; grazier; pelt; fur; coat; skin; poaching; Khunjerab; Marco-Polo-sheep; ibex; markhor; hunting; browse; protected; area; sheep; Marco-Polo; 2040  
  Abstract (down) Snow leopards occur near the snow line in northern Pakistan in the districts of Swat, Dir and Chitral of the Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP), Muzaffarabad district in Azad Kashmir and Gilgit and Baltistan districts in the Northern Areas. Although a number of protected areas are present in the form of national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and game reserves (Table 1) where legal protection is available to all wildlife species, including snow leopards, the status of this endangered species is not improving satisfactorily. The reasons are many and range from direct persecution by livestock owners to the less than strict management of protected areas.

Because of remote and inaccessible locations and lack of proper communication with local communities, government officials and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) concerned with conservation find it difficult to obtain statistics on mortality of snow leopards. However, the killing of snow leopards is not uncommon. Because of the close and long-term association between local villagers and snow leopards, it is only through the support and cooperation of these peoples that protection of this endangered species can be assured against most of the existing threats. The effects of such cooperation has been clearly shown through some of the conservation projects of World Wildlife Fund (WWF) – Pakistan. Details of such projects and certain lessons that can be learned from these and similar projects are discussed in this paper.
 
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  Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Usa Editor J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 209 Serial 40  
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Author Loginov O. url 
  Title Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Kazakhstan Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1995 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 39-41  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; number; distribution; threats; protected areas; conservation activity; snow leopard.; 7590; Russian  
  Abstract (down) Snow leopards are to be found in the most extreme eastern, southeastern and southern mountainous regions, including the Altai. Saur, Tarbagatai. Dzhungarian, Alatau, Northern and Western Tian-Shan ranges. The snow leopard or irbis is the most rare in eastern Kazakstan in the ranges of Katunskie Belki, South Altai, Kurchumski, Sarymsakty, Saur and Tarbagatai. Total snow leopard population in Kazakstan is estimated at no more than 100-110 animals, including 20-25 in the central part of the Zailisky-Alatau. Although there are nine protected areas in Kazakstan, snow leopards are only regularly reported

from the Aksu-Dzhabagly and Almaty reserves and occasionally in Markakolsky Reserve. The major threats to the species include: Deliberate poaching with the aim of selling the valuable fur of the snow leopard; habitat loss resulting from the expansion of human activity in its mountain habitat, and deliberate or retaliatory killing by shepherds in response to predation upon livestock.
 
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of 8th International Snow Leopard Symposium Islamabad. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 737 Serial 623  
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Author Xu, F.; Ming, M.; Yin, S.-jing; Mardan url 
  Title Snow Leopard Survey in Tumor Nature Reserve, Xingjiang Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2005 Publication Sichuan Journal of Zoology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 608-610  
  Keywords snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; survey; nature; reserve; national; Xinjiang; China; sign; big; cat; spray; distribution; population; habitat; Habitat selection; selection; river; area; Tomur; transects; transect; scrapes; scrape; feces; areas; valley  
  Abstract (down) Snow leopard survey was conducted in Oct-Nov 2004 at Tumor National Natural Reserve, Xinjiang, China. Because of its special living style, the snow leopard is difficult to observe by sight. Signs left by snow leopard become a good index to prove the existance of the big cat. There are mainly five kinds of signs, footprints, fectes, claw rakes and urine spray. From them we can know the distribution, probably population and habitat selection of snow leopard. This time in Tumor we investigated 5 difference places: Pochenzi in Mozat River area, Boxidun in Little Kuzbay River area, Yinyer in Tomur River area, Kurgan and Taglak in Quiong Tailan River area. 42 transects were run in this trip and a total of 57 signs found. Among them, footprints amounted to 71.9%, scrapes 21.1%, and feces 7.0%. The results showed that the big cat existed in Yinyer, Kurgan and Taglak areas and liked to select their habitat in the valley and didn't like to live in barren areas.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 873 Serial 1034  
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Author Fox, J.L. url 
  Title An ecological survey of the proposed Langtang National Park Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1974 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Langtang; park; parks; reserve; refuge; reserves; Nepal; protected-area; browse; protected; area; 2340  
  Abstract (down) Reports probable sighn of snow leopard at two high elevation points in the Langtang National Park  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes A report to the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Office, Kathmandu, Nepal. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 26 Serial 287  
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