Jackson, R., & Fox, J. L. (1997). Report on the fourth SLIMS training workshop, Bhutan.
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Singh, J., & Jackson, R. (1999). Transfrontier conservation areas: Creating opportunities for conservation, peace, and the snow leopard in Central Asia. International Journal of Wilderness, 5(December), 7–12.
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Weilenmann, P. (1980). Some indications of weights of young snow leopards in Zurich Zoo. In International Snow Leopard Conference Zurich (1).
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Fox, J. L., Sinha, S.P., Chundawat, R.S. (1992). Activity patterns and habitat use of ibex in the Himalaya mountains of India. Journal of Mammology, 73(3), 527–534.
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St. Louis Zoo. (1980). Oki-dok with Linka. ZUDUS, (April/May), S1.
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Jackson, R. (1990). Threatened wildlife, crop, and livestock depredation and grazing in the Makalu-Barun Conservation Area.
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O'Neill, J. (1980). Nepal's snow leopard: too beautiful for its own good? Scholastic Science World, 36(9), 4–6.
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Sitwell, N. (1972). The Snow Leopard in Pakistan. Animals, 14(6), 256–259.
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Zhang, F., Jiang, Z., Zeng, Y., & McCarthy, T. (2007). Development of primers to characterize the mitochondrial control region of the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) (Vol. 7).
Abstract: The snow leopard (Uncia uncia) is a rare carnivore living above the snow line in central Asia. Using universal primers for the mitochondrial genome control region hypervariable
region 1 (HVR1), we isolated a 411-bp fragment of HVR1 and then designed specific primers
near each end of this sequence in the conserved regions. These primers were shown to yield
good polymerase chain reaction products and to be species specific. Of the 12 snow leopards
studied, there were 11 segregating sites and six haplotypes. An identification case of snow
leopard carcass (confiscated by the police) proved the primers to be a useful tool for forensic
diagnosis in field and population genetics studies.
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Ale, S., & Brown, J. (2007). The contingencies of group size and vigilance (Vol. 9).
Abstract: Background: Predation risk declines non-linearly with one's own vigilance and the vigilance of others in the group (the 'many-eyes' effect). Furthermore, as group size increases, the individual's risk of predation may decline through dilution with more potential victims, but may increase if larger groups attract more predators. These are known, respectively, as the dilution effect and the attraction effect.
Assumptions: Feeding animals use vigilance to trade-off food and safety. Net feeding rate declines linearly with vigilance.
Question: How do the many-eyes, dilution, and attraction effects interact to influence the relationship between group size and vigilance behaviour?
Mathematical methods: We use game theory and the fitness-generating function to determine the ESS level of vigilance of an individual within a group.
Predictions: Vigilance decreases with group size as a consequence of the many-eyes and dilution effects but increases with group size as a consequence of the attraction effect, when they act independent of each other. Their synergetic effects on vigilance depend upon the relative strengths of each and their interactions. Regardless, the influence of other factors on vigilance – such as encounter rate with predators, predator lethality, marginal value of energy, and value of vigilance – decline with group size.
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