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Author Chundawat, R.S.; Rawat G.S.
Title Food Habits of Snow Leopard in Ladakh, India Type Miscellaneous
Year 1990 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 11
Keywords India; Ladakh; behavior; predator; prey; livestock; blue-sheep; ibex; ungulates; marmots; parks; refuge; protected-area; reserves; diet; habitat; scat; kills; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; 970
Abstract (down) The snow leopard has remained little studied in the past, and most of the information available is either in the form of natural history or anecdotal notes. The inaccessibility of the terrain and its secretive habits make this one of the more difficult animals to study in the wild. In the past decade, several ecological surveys were conducted in India, Nepal, China and Mongolia, which gave us information on the status and distribution of snow leopard (Jackson, Mallon, Fox, Schaller, Chundawat) A detailed study in Nepal through light on its secretive habits ( Jackson and Ahlborn, 1989). Even then little is known about its feeding habits. The present paper discusses this aspect from a study which was part of a detailed study conducted on the ecology of snow leopard in India from October 1987 to Feburary 1990.
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Notes full text available at URL Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 305 Serial 223
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Author Anonymous
Title A snow leopard conservation plan for Mongolia Type Report
Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-8
Keywords awareness; behaviour; biodiversity; conservation plan; decline; density; ecology; fund-raising; funding; habitat degradation; Himalayan; management; Mongolia; montane; pastoralists; pelt; predator; snow-leopard-conservation-plan; snow leopard; trade; Wwf
Abstract (down) The snow leopard faces multiple threats in the Himalayan region, from habitat degradation, loss of prey, the trade in pelts, parts and live animals, and conflict with humans, primarily pastoralists. Consequently, the populations are considered to be in decline and the species is listed as Endangered in the IUCN's Red List. As a 'flagship' and 'umbrella' species the snow leopard can be a unifying biological feature to raise awareness of its plight and the need for conservation, which will benefit other facets of Himalayan biodiversity as well. Some studies of snow leopards have been conducted in the Himalayan region. But, because of its elusive nature and preference for remote and inaccessible habitat, knowledge of the ecology and behaviour of this mystical montane predator is scant. The available information, however, suggests that snow leopards occur at low densities and large areas of habitat are required to conserve a viable population. Thus, many researchers and conservationists have advocated landscape-scale approaches to conservation within a regional context, rather than focusing on individual protected areas.This regional strategy for WWF's snow leopard conservation program is built on such an approach. The following were identified as important regional issues: 1) international trade in snow leopards and parts; 2) the human-snow leopard conflict; 3) the need for a landscape approach to conservation to provide large spatial areas that can support demographically and ecologically viable snow leopard metapopulations; 4) research on snow leopard ecology to develop long-term, science-based conservation management plans; and 5) regional coordination and dialog. While the issues are regional, the WWF's in the region have developed 5-year strategic actions and activities, using the regional strategies as a touchstone, which will be implemented at national levels. The WWF's will develop proposals based on these strategic actions, with estimated budgets, for use by the network for funding and fund-raising. WWF also recognizes the need to collaborate and coordinate within the network and with other organizations in the region to achieve conservation goals in an efficient manner, and will form a working group to coordinate activities and monitor progress.
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Notes Publication date unknown but must be at least from 2000. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 995 Serial 92
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Author Prasad, S.N.; Chundawat, R.S.; Hunter, D.O.; Panwar, H.S.; Rawat, G.S.
Title Remote sensing snow leopard habitat in the trans-Himalaya of India using spatial models and satellite imagery preliminary results Type Conference Article
Year 1991 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 519-523
Keywords snow-leopard; Gis; cartographic-modelling; India; Ladakh; Zanskar; predation; habitat; prey; predator; blue-sheep; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; cartographic modelling; cartographic; modelling; 810
Abstract (down) The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is a flagship species for conservation in the high mountain regions of central Asia. Data on snow leopard predation, habitat conditions and range of main prey species were gathered along with thematic maps of the study area for elevation, snow cover, sighting data, kill data, blue sheep use areas, and vegetation data. These data were entered into a GIS and used to help delineate surface features from a satellite image. Preliminary results show that general physiographic features of snow leopard habitat can be detected using satellite imagery and that GIS cartographic modeling techniques can improve this delineation. -from Authors
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor Buhyoff, G.J.
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Notes Title, Monographic: Resource Technology 90. Proc. second international symposium on advanced technology in natural resources management Place of Meeting: Washington, DC Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 176 Serial 792
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Author McCarthy, K.; Fuller, T.; Ming, M.; McCarthy, T.; Waits, L.; Jumabaev, K.
Title Assessing Estimators of Snow Leopard Abundance Type Miscellaneous
Year 2008 Publication Journal of Widlife Management Abbreviated Journal
Volume 72 Issue 8 Pages 1826-1833
Keywords abundance; camera,capture-recapture,density,index,predator:prey ratios,techniques,Tien Shan,Uncia; leopard; SaryChat; sign surveys; Slims; snow; snow-leopard; snow leopard; Tomur
Abstract (down) The secretive nature of snow leopards (Uncia uncia) makes them difficult to monitor, yet conservation efforts require accurate and precise methods to estimate abundance. We assessed accuracy of Snow Leopard Information Management System (SLIMS) sign surveys by comparing them with 4 methods for estimating snow leopard abundance: predator:prey biomass ratios, capture-recapture density estimation, photo-capture rate, and individual identification through genetic analysis. We recorded snow leopard sign during standardized surveys in the SaryChat Zapovednik, the Jangart hunting reserve, and the Tomur Strictly Protected Area, in the Tien Shan Mountains of Kyrgyzstan and China. During June-December 2005, adjusted sign averaged 46.3 (SaryChat), 94.6 (Jangart), and 150.8 (Tomur) occurrences/km. We used

counts of ibex (Capra ibex) and argali (Ovis ammon) to estimate available prey biomass and subsequent potential snow leopard densities of 8.7 (SaryChat), 1.0 (Jangart), and 1.1 (Tomur) snow leopards/100 km2. Photo capture-recapture density estimates were 0.15 (n = 1 identified individual/1 photo), 0.87 (n = 4/13), and 0.74 (n = 5/6) individuals/100 km2 in SaryChat, Jangart, and Tomur, respectively. Photo-capture rates

(photos/100 trap-nights) were 0.09 (SaryChat), 0.93 (Jangart), and 2.37 (Tomur). Genetic analysis of snow leopard fecal samples provided minimum population sizes of 3 (SaryChat), 5 (Jangart), and 9 (Tomur) snow leopards. These results suggest SLIMS sign surveys may be affected by observer bias and environmental variance. However, when such bias and variation are accounted for, sign surveys indicate relative abundances similar to photo rates and genetic individual identification results. Density or abundance estimates based on capture-recapture or ungulate biomass did not agree with other indices of abundance. Confidence in estimated densities, or even detection of significant changes in abundance of snow leopard, will require more effort and better documentation.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 881 Serial 653
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Author Zhiryakov V.A.
Title Wolves' role in biocenosis of the Almaty nature reserve (North Tien Shan) Type Miscellaneous
Year 1990 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol. II. Issue Pages 278-279
Keywords Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; ungulates; number; livestock; red deer; roe deer; ibex; wild boar; predators; brown bear; wolf; snow leopard.; 8780; Russian
Abstract (down) The quantity of ungulates is high in the nature reserve: moral (100-120), roe deer (500-650), Siberian ibex (660-700), and wild boar (50-80). Moreover some 5,000 heads of livestock (mostly sheep) are grazed in a buffer zone in summer. Among big predators (snow leopard, bear, lynx) wolf kills about 40 percent of ungulates.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of V all-Union congress of mammalogy society of the Academy of Science of the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 855 Serial 1085
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Author Sapozhnikov G.N.
Title Wild sheep in Tajikistan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1976 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 199 p.
Keywords Tajikistan; urial; argali; taxonomy; morphology; variability; life history characteristics; distribution; number; diet; behavior; parasites; predators; snow leopard.; 8060; Russian
Abstract (down) The monograph provides data concerning taxonomy, morphology, and age variability of wild sheep. There described distribution, number, population composition, behavioral patterns, reproduction, predators and parasites. Besides, a matter of conservation and sustainable use of the species is discussed. Together with wolf, snow leopard is called an enemy of O. o. vignei and argali (O. o. polii).
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Notes Full text available in Russian Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 784 Serial 845
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Author Braden, K.E.
Title Economic Development in Six Regions of Snow Leopard Habitat in the U.S.S.R Type Conference Article
Year 1988 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 227-246
Keywords conservation; habitat; herders; livestock; sheep; goats; argali; herder; Russia; Soviet-Union; U.S.S.R.; Ussr; ungulates; ungulate; predator; prey; economics; economic; browse; soviet; union; 1800
Abstract (down) The Disappearance of traditional ungulate prey of the snow leopard may be contributing to its endangered status in the wild. Soviet biologists have noted that wild sheep are a primary prey of the snow leopard in the southern Russian union republic and the Central Asian union republic of the U.S.S.R. While poaching appears to have had some impact on the status of these sheep, econmic pressures may be contributing to their decrease. Evidence presented for KAzakhstan and three regions of the Russian republic demonstrates that commercial sheep and goat production appears to be growing at a very high pace in these areas, thus consumming habitat otherwise available for wild herds.
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Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust and the Wildlife Institute of India Place of Publication India Editor H.Freeman
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Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 107 Serial 194
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Author Zhiryakov V.A.
Title The influence of the predators on population trend of the ungulates in the Almaty nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 1989 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 199-201
Keywords Kazakhstan; predators; ungulates; dencity; population trend; snow leopard.; 8770; Russian
Abstract (down) The data on predators and ungulates population dynamics in Almaty Nature reserve (Kazakhstan) in 1983-1987s are given. The number of snow leopard is stable (3-5 individuals), the density is 0.06 indi/1000 ha. An insignificant increase of Siberian ibex' number (660 to 700) with density of 36 indi/1000 ha is recorded.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: All-Union Conference on cadastre and censusing of the animals. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 854 Serial 1084
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Author Jackson, R.M.; Ahlborn, G.; Gurung, M.; Ale, S.
Title Reducing livestock depredation losses in the Nepalese Himalaya Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Proc.Vertebr.Pest Conf Abbreviated Journal
Volume 17 Issue Pages 241-247
Keywords damage; damage-by-wildlife; endangered; threatened species; livestock; mammals; management; predator-control; public-relations; wildlife; livestock-relationships; Nepal; asia; herders; conservation; Manang; Khangshar; depredation; conflict; predator; prey; browse; public; threatened; species; control; Relations; 700
Abstract (down) The authors investigated livestock depredation patterns of snow leopards on the northern slopes of the Himalayans near the villages of Manang and Khangshar, Nepal. Information is discussed on the relationships among livestock loss, endangered species management, public relations/conservation issues, and cooperative efforts among institutions involved in the decision making process. A plan is devised for alleviating livestock loss and protecting endangered species in the area. pcp
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Notes Full Text at URL: ADDRESS: Mountain Inst., Main & Dogwood St., Franklin, WV 26807//“Proceedings Seventeenth Vertebrate Pest Conference-March 5-7, 1996, Rohnert Park, California”; Timm, Robert M.; Crabb, A. Charles, editorsDocument Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 271 Serial 480
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Author Ferretti, F., Lovari, S.
Title Predation may counteract climatic change as a driving force for movements of mountain ungulates Type Report
Year 2016 Publication Behavioural-Processes Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 129 Pages 101-104
Keywords Climate change, Environmental change, Interspecific interactions, Large cats, Predator-prey interactions
Abstract (down) Temperature variations are expected to influence altitudinal movements of mountain herbivores and, in

turn, those of their predators, but relevant information is scarce. We evaluated monthly relationships

between temperature and altitude used by a large mountain-dwelling herbivore, the Himalayan tahr

Hemitragus jemlahicus, and its main predator, the snow leopard Panthera uncia, in an area of central

Himalaya for five consecutive years (2006–2010). In contrast to expectations, there was no significant

direct relationship between altitude of tahr sightings and temperature. The mean altitude of tahr sightings

decreased by c. 200 m throughout our study. As expected, snow leopard movements tracked those of tahr,

although the core area of the snow leopard did not move downwards. Tahr remained the staple of the

snow leopard diet: we suggest that the former did not move upwards in reaction to higher temperature

to avoid encounters with the latter. Avoidance of competition with the larger common leopard Panthera

pardus at lower altitudes could explain why snow leopards did not shift their core area downwards.

Apparently, interspecific interactions (predation; competition) influenced movements of Himalayan tahr

and snow leopards more than climatic variations.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1441
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